"Umuyoboro" wabaye "igikenewe" kubantu benshi b'iki gihe.
Impamvu ituma ibihe byoroshye byurusobe bishobora kuza, "tekinoroji ya fibre optique" irashobora kuvugwa ko ari ngombwa.
Mu 1966, amasaka y’Abashinwa yo mu Bwongereza yatanze igitekerezo cya fibre optique, yakongeje ku ndunduro yo guteza imbere itumanaho rya fibre optique ku isi yose. Igisekuru cya mbere cya sisitemu y’umucyo ukorera kuri 0.8 mkm mu 1978 yashyizwe ku mugaragaro mu bucuruzi, naho igisekuru cya kabiri cy’umucyo. sisitemu yitumanaho ikoresheje fibre fibre muminsi yambere yatangijwe byihuse muntangiriro ya 1980.Mu 1990, sisitemu yo mucyiciro cya gatatu optique ya optique ikora kuri 2.4 Gb / s na 1.55 μm yashoboye gutanga serivise zitumanaho mubucuruzi.
Amasaka ya “se wa fibre”, wagize uruhare runini mu “gukwirakwiza urumuri muri fibre yo gutumanaho neza,” yahawe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri fiziki cya 2009.
Itumanaho rya fibre optique ubu ryabaye imwe mu nkingi nyamukuru zitumanaho rya kijyambere, rifite uruhare runini mu miyoboro y'itumanaho igezweho. Ifatwa kandi nk'ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'impinduramatwara nshya ku isi ndetse n'inzira nyamukuru yo guhererekanya amakuru muri sosiyete izaza amakuru.
Mu myaka yashize, isoko ryo gukoresha amakuru manini, kubara ibicu, 5G, Internet yibintu n'ubwenge bwa artile byateye imbere byihuse. Isoko rya porogaramu idafite abadereva iraza izana iterambere riturika kuri traffic traffic. Guhuza amakuru hagati bigenda byiyongera mubushakashatsi bwitumanaho. ahantu hashyushye.
Imbere muri Google nini yamakuru makuru
Ikigo cyamakuru cyubu ntikikiri icyumba kimwe cyangwa ibyumba bya mudasobwa bike, ahubwo ni urutonde rwamahuriro yamakuru. Kugirango tugere kumurimo usanzwe wa serivise zitandukanye za interineti nisoko rya porogaramu, ibigo byamakuru bigomba gukorera hamwe.Igihe nyacyo kandi imikoranire nini yamakuru hagati yikigo cyatumye hakenerwa imiyoboro ihuza amakuru, kandi itumanaho rya fibre optique ryabaye inzira ya ngombwa yo kugera ku mikoranire.
Bitandukanye nibikoresho gakondo byogukwirakwiza itumanaho, guhuza amakuru hagati yamakuru bigomba kugera kumakuru menshi no guhererekanya kwinshi, bisaba guhinduranya ibikoresho kugira umuvuduko mwinshi, gukoresha ingufu nke, hamwe na miniaturizasi nyinshi. Kimwe mubintu byingenzi byerekana niba ubwo bushobozi bushobora kuba byagezweho ni optique ya transceiver module.
Ubumenyi bwibanze bujyanye na optique transceiver modules
Umuyoboro wamakuru ukoresha cyane cyane fibre optique nkuburyo bwo kohereza, ariko kubara no gusesengura bigezweho nabyo bigomba kuba bishingiye ku bimenyetso byamashanyarazi, kandi optique ya transceiver module nigikoresho cyibanze cyo kumenya guhinduranya amashanyarazi.
Ibice byingenzi bigize module ya optique ni Transimitter (Light Emitting Submodule) / Receiver (Light Receiving Submodule) cyangwa Transceiver (Optical Transceiver Module), chip yamashanyarazi, kandi ikubiyemo ibice bya pasiporo nka lens, splitter, na combiners. Ibice byumuzunguruko.
Ku ihererekanyabubasha: ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi bihindurwa mubimenyetso bya optique na Transimitter, hanyuma byinjira muri fibre optique na adapt optique; Ku iherezo ryakira: ikimenyetso cya optique muri fibre optique yakirwa na Receiver binyuze muri adapt optique. hanyuma ihindurwamo ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi hanyuma yoherezwa mubice bibarwa kugirango bitunganyirizwe.
Optical transceiver module igishushanyo
Hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya optoelectronic, uburyo bwo gupakira module ya optique ya transceiver module nayo yagiye ihinduka. Mbere yinganda ya optique module yashinzwe, yatejwe imbere ninganda zikomeye zikoresha itumanaho muminsi yambere. Imigaragarire yari itandukanye kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa kwisi yose. Ibi byatumye moderi ya optique ya transceiver idahinduka.Ku iterambere ryinganda, "Amasezerano menshi ya nyuma (MSA)" yaje kubaho. Hamwe na MSA, ibigo byigenga byigenga biteza imbere Transceiver byatangiye kugaragara, inganda zirazamuka.
Module ya optique ya transceiver irashobora kugabanywamo SFP, XFP, QSFP, CFP, nibindi ukurikije ifishi ya paki:
· SFP.
X. amasoko y'itumanaho kandi atanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ingufu kurusha izindi 10Gbps zohereza.
QSFP. Ukurikije umuvuduko, QSFP irashobora kugabanywamo 4 × 1G QSFP, 4 × 10GQSFP +, 4 × 25G QSFP28 modul optique. Kugeza ubu QSFP28 yakoreshejwe cyane mubigo byamakuru byisi.
· CFP (Centum gigabits Form Pluggable) ishingiye kumurongo usanzwe wuzuye wa optique igabanya itumanaho hamwe nigipimo cya 100-400 Gbps. Ingano ya module ya CFP nini kuruta iyo muri SFP / XFP / QSFP, kandi muri rusange ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza intera ndende nkumuyoboro wa metero nkuru.
Optical transceiver module ya data center itumanaho
Itumanaho ryamakuru rishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije ubwoko bwihuza:
.
(2) Guhuza amakuru hagati yamakuru, cyane cyane akoreshwa mugusubiramo amakuru, software hamwe no kuzamura sisitemu;
(3) Imbere muri data center, ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubika amakuru, kubyara no gucukura. Dukurikije uko Cisco yabitangaje, itumanaho ryimbere mu gihugu rifite ibice birenga 70% byitumanaho ryikigo, kandi iterambere ryubwubatsi bwikigo ryatangije iterambere ryihuta ryihuse.
Urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru rukomeje kwiyongera, kandi ikigo kinini cyamakuru nini nini kandi igororotse igenda itera imbere muburyo bwa optique mubice bibiri:
· Kongera igipimo cyo kohereza
· Kongera umubare ukenewe
Kugeza ubu, ibisabwa muri moderi ya optique ya data yisi yose byahinduwe kuva 10 / 40G optique ya modul optique igera kuri 100G optique. Iterambere rya Alibaba Cloud ya Chine rizaba umwaka wambere wogukoresha kwinshi kwa 100G optique muri 2018. Biteganijwe ko izamurwa 400G optique module muri 2019.
Ali igicu module yubwihindurize
Imigendekere yamakuru manini manini yatumye habaho kwiyongera kubisabwa kure. Intera yo kohereza ya fibre ya multimode igarukira kubwiyongere bwikimenyetso kandi biteganijwe ko izasimburwa buhoro buhoro na fibre imwe-imwe. Igiciro cyihuza fibre igizwe nibice bibiri: module optique na fibre optique. Kubirometero bitandukanye, hariho ibisubizo bitandukanye byakoreshwa.Ku guhuza intera ndende na ndende intera isabwa kugirango itumanaho ryamakuru, hariho ibisubizo bibiri byimpinduramatwara byavutse muri MSA:
· PSM4 （Kuringaniza Uburyo bumwe Inzira 4）
· CWDM4 Division Umuhengeri wa Wavelength Igice Multiplexer 4 inzira）
Muri byo, imikoreshereze ya fibre ya PSM4 yikubye inshuro enye CWDM4. Iyo intera ihuza ari ndende, CWDM4 igiciro cyo gukemura ni gito. Duhereye ku mbonerahamwe ikurikira, turashobora kubona igereranya ryamakuru ya 100G optique module ibisubizo:
Uyu munsi, tekinoroji yo gushyira mu bikorwa 400G optique modules yahindutse intego yibikorwa byinganda. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya 400G optique ya module ni ugutezimbere amakuru yinjira no kwagura umurongo wa interineti nubucucike bwicyambu cya data center.Icyerekezo kizaza ni ukugera kuri byinshi kunguka, urusaku ruke, miniaturizasiya no kwishyira hamwe, kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byigihe kizaza-imiyoboro idafite insinga hamwe na ultra-nini-nini-nini ya data center itumanaho.
Module yambere ya 400G optique yakoresheje umuyoboro wa 16 wa 25G NRZ (Non-Returnto Zero) uburyo bwo guhindura ibimenyetso muburyo bwa CFP8. Akarusho nuko tekinoroji ya 25G NRZ yo guhinduranya ibimenyetso ikuze kuri module ya optique ya 100G irashobora kugurizwa, ariko ibibi ni ko ibimenyetso 16 bigomba koherezwa muburyo bubangikanye, kandi gukoresha ingufu nubunini ni binini, bikaba bidakwiriye gukoreshwa muri data center.Mu modoka ya optique ya 400G, 8-imiyoboro 53G NRZ cyangwa 4-umuyoboro wa 106G PAM4 (4 Pulse Amplitude Modulation) modulasiyo yerekana ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango tumenye ibimenyetso 400G.
Kubijyanye no gupakira module, OSFP cyangwa QSFP-DD irakoreshwa, kandi paki zombi zirashobora gutanga intera 8 yerekana ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi. Mugereranije, pake ya QSFP-DD ni ntoya mubunini kandi ikwiranye nibisabwa na data center; paki ya OSFP nini nini mubunini kandi ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza mubitumanaho.
Gisesengura imbaraga "yibanze" ya 100G / 400G optique ya optique
Twatangije muri make ishyirwa mubikorwa rya 100G na 400G optique. Ibikurikira murashobora kubibona mubishushanyo mbonera byigisubizo cya 100G CWDM4, igisubizo 400G CWDM8 nigisubizo cya 400G CWDM4:
100G CWDM4 igishushanyo
400G CWDM8 igishushanyo
400G CWDM4 igishushanyo
Muri optique module, urufunguzo rwo kumenya ibimenyetso byerekana amafoto ni fotodetector. Kugirango urangize neza iyi gahunda, ni ubuhe bwoko ukeneye ukeneye kuva "muri rusange"?
Igisubizo cya 100G CWDM4 gisaba gushyira mu bikorwa 4λx25GbE, igisubizo cya 400G CWDM8 gisaba ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya 8λx50GbE, kandi igisubizo cya 400G CWDM4 gisaba ko hashyirwa mu bikorwa 4λx100GbE. Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhindura, gahunda ya 100G CWDM4 na 400G CWDM8 ikurikiza ihinduka rya NRZ. Ibikoresho bya 25Gbd na 53Gbd. Gahunda ya 400G CWDM4 yemeza gahunda yo guhindura PAM4, isaba kandi igikoresho kugira igipimo cya modulisiyo ya 53Gbd cyangwa irenga.
Igipimo cyo guhindura ibikoresho gihuye nigikoresho cyagutse. Kuri 1310nm band 100G optique module, umurongo wa 25GHz InGaAs detector cyangwa detector array irahagije.