. .Fightight forwarder amafaranga atandukanye ba nyirayo bakeneye kumenya
Usibye imizigo "yera", hariho impanuka zitandukanye, zimwe zikaba zishyuzwa na nyirubwato ndetse zimwe zikaba zoherejwe .Yakusanyirijwe hamwe nicyambu / icyambu, kandi bimwe byegeranijwe na nyirubwite ubwe. Byongeye kandi, amafaranga menshi ntabwo agaragara neza .Byukuri, byoroshye. Amafaranga amwe azajya yishyurwa kubohereje usibye kubohereza. Ibi birashobora kubyara byoroshye umutego ibiri: ni umukozi ushinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa gukusanya amafaranga menshi bitwaje ibinyoma, 2 ni umukozi ushinzwe gutwara ibintu kugirango uhindure hagati yabatumije nuhereza ibicuruzwa, kwimura Igice cyikiguzi.
Mubisanzwe, uwatumije ashakisha ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa, uwabitumije ni umukiriya, uwatumije ibicuruzwa azagerageza kugabanya igiciro kugirango ashimishe ibicuruzwa, aho yishyuza make, no ku cyambu yerekeza kwishyuza abakiriya (ibicuruzwa) amafaranga menshi, kwiba Petero kwishyura Pawulo, naho ubundi. iyi niyo mpamvu igiciro cyibicuruzwa bimwe kizaba gito nitubona uwatumbereye kuri CIF. Muri FOB, umuterankunga washyizweho nabakiriya, impanuka zamafaranga ni nyinshi cyane.
Kumenya ibi bintu, ntidukwiye kwifuza amasezerano yigihe gito twibwira ko igiciro kiri hasi, cyiza. Ariko bigomba kuba ngombwa kubanza kumenya ibiciro, kugirango twirinde abatwara ibicuruzwa bibi nyuma yo kohereza ibicuruzwa uko bishakiye cyangwa byimuriwe kubakiriya, bikatugiraho ingaruka kubakunzi no mubufatanye.
Mbere ya byose, tuzasobanukirwa neza nibigize ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa nimpanuka, twige gutandukanya "amategeko" ibintu byishyurwa nibiciro bidahwitse.
Ibisanzwe bikunze kubaho harimo:
二. Amafaranga ya CIC
Amafaranga ya CIC ni impfunyapfunyo ya "Container Inbalance Charge", nayo isobanurwa ngo "amafaranga yo gucunga ibikoresho", aya mafaranga CIC aterwa ahanini nimpamvu zikurikira:
1. Imihindagurikire yigihe cyimodoka zitwara imizigo hirya no hino ku isi biganisha ku busumbane bw’imizigo: Ibihugu by’iburengerazuba ubusanzwe bifite imizigo mu ntangiriro zumwaka, Mu gihe kitari gito cyo gutwara abantu, ingano y’ibisanduku izamuka buhoro buhoro muri Mata na Gicurasi , kandi ingano yubucuruzi itangira kwiyongera, kandi bizaganisha ku bucuruzi mbere ya Noheri kuzamuka gake mubunini.
2. Ubusumbane mu bucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu cyangwa uturere ku mpande zombi z’inzira: Ubushinwa n’ibindi bihugu byo muri Aziya y’iburasirazuba byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu Burayi kuruta mu Burayi ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu Bushinwa no mu tundi turere twa Aziya y’iburasirazuba, inzira ya Amerika yo mu Burasirazuba bwa kure nayo ifite ibisa ibibazo bikomeye.
3. Itandukaniro ryubwoko na miterere y'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kimwe no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa no gutwara ibicuruzwa, na byo bitera ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
三 .Amafaranga
KONTINER YUBUNTU (CFS) ni ahantu ho gukorera LCL. Ikemura ihererekanyabubasha rya LCL no gukwirakwiza LCL. Nyuma yo gupakira, udusanduku twoherezwa kuri CY (Container Yard) kandi ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bizashyikirizwa agasanduku ka CY, gupakurura, kubara, kubika, hanyuma bigabangirwa kuri buri mutumirwa. Muri icyo gihe, birashobora kandi gushingwa nuwitwaye gushiraho kashe no gutanga inyemezabuguzi za sitasiyo nibindi.
Amafaranga ya CFS mubisanzwe abarwa kuri kare. Kuberako CFS nigiciro cya LCL, ni ku cyambu cyoherejwe nicyambu cyerekezo. Mu magambo ya FOB, CFS yashyizwe ku rutonde kandi yishyuzwa ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa uruganda. Kubera ko FOB ari imizigo yo gukusanya, icyambu cyo kohereza ntikiri mu bicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa. Mu magambo ya CIF, fata amafaranga ya CFS ku cyambu cyoherejwe yashyizwe mu gipimo cy’imizigo yo mu nyanja wabwiwe n’umuyobozi, bityo CFS ntizakusanyirizwa ku cyambu cyoherejwe. ariko abatumiza mu mahanga baracyafite amafaranga ya CFS ku cyambu.
四. Amafaranga ya EBS
Emerent Bunker Kungurana ibitekerezo. Iki giciro muri rusange giterwa n’ibiciro bya peteroli mpuzamahanga bikomeje kuzamuka, birenze ubushobozi bwa banyiri ubwato kwihanganira, bityo abafite ubwato ku isoko bafite intege nke, ntibashobora kongera ikibazo cy’imizigo yo mu nyanja, kugirango bagabanye igiciro cy’igihombo, kandi biyongere ikiguzi.
Dukeneye kwishyura amafaranga ya EBS kuri FOB? Igisubizo ni oya, EBS ni inyongera y’imizigo yo mu nyanja, ntabwo ari iy'amafaranga FOB yaho, bityo abakiriya ntibakeneye kwishyura EBS mugihe bakora FOB. Ariko, kuri ubu amasosiyete amwe atwara ibicuruzwa ntidushobora kwakira ikiguzi kubakiriya, bityo twohereza EBS kumukiriya wa FOB, mugihe umukiriya ahuye nisosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa cyangwa imizigo mugihe umukozi asabye gukusanya amafaranga ya EBS, arashobora gerageza kumvikana numukiriya hanyuma usabe umukiriya kwishura amafaranga.
五. Amafaranga yaho
六. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe muburyo butandukanye bwubucuruzi
1.Ex Imirimo (EXW = Ex Work):
Ahantu ho gutanga: uruganda cyangwa ububiko bwigihugu cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze; Ubwikorezi: inshingano z'umuguzi; Ubwishingizi: inshingano z'umuguzi; Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byakomeje: Inshingano z'umuguzi; Kuzana ibicuruzwa byemewe: inshingano z'umuguzi.
2. FOB = Ubuntu kuri Borad:
Ahantu ho gutanga: Icyambu cyoherejwe; Ubwikorezi: inshingano z'umuguzi; Ubwishingizi: inshingano z'umuguzi; Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze: inshingano z'umugurisha; Kuzana ibicuruzwa byemewe: inshingano z'umuguzi.
3.Cost + Imizigo + Ubwishingizi, CIF = Igiciro + Ubwishingizi + Imizigo
Ahantu ho gutanga: Icyambu cyoherejwe; Ubwikorezi: inshingano z'umugurisha; Ubwishingizi: inshingano z'umugurisha; Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze: inshingano z'umugurisha; Kuzana ibicuruzwa byemewe: inshingano z'umugurisha.
4.Ibiciro n'imizigo (CFR = Igiciro + Imizigo):
Ahantu ho gutanga: Icyambu cyoherejwe; Ubwikorezi: inshingano z'umugurisha; Ubwishingizi: inshingano z'umuguzi; Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze: inshingano z'umugurisha; Mubikorwa byicyambu: umuguzi ashinzwe.