1.Ibanze shingiro rya PON
PON (Umuyoboro uhuriweho)
PON numuyoboro umwe wa fibre fibre optique yo guhuza imiyoboro ukoresheje ingingo-kuri-kugwiza (P2MP). Sisitemu ya PON igizwe numurongo wa optique (OLT), umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza optique (ODN), hamwe numuyoboro wa optique (ONU) kuruhande rwumukoresha wibiro bikuru, kandi ni sisitemu imwe-fibre sisitemu. Mu cyerekezo cyo hasi (OLTto ONU), ikimenyetso cyoherejwe naOLTigera kuri buriONUunyuze kuri ODN.Mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru (ONUto OLT), ikimenyetso cyoherejwe naONUKugera kuriOLTkandi ntizagera ku zindiONU.Mu rwego rwo kwirinda kugongana kwamakuru no kunoza imikorere yurusobe, icyerekezo cyo hejuru gifata TDMA uburyo bwinshi bwo kwinjira, kandi bugacunga amakuru ya buriONU. ODN itanga imiyoboro ya optique hagati yaOLTnaONU. Imiterere ya PON irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo.
PON sisitemu yerekana imiterere
UwitekaOLTiherereye kuruhande rwurusobe igashyirwa ku biro bikuru. Irashobora kuba L2hinduracyangwa L3Router, gutanga imiyoboro yibanze hamwe no kuyigeraho, ituma optique / amashanyarazi ihinduka, kugabura umurongo, no kugenzura buri muyoboro uhuza, hamwe nigihe cyo kugenzura no kuyobora. N'imirimo yo kubungabunga. UwitekaONUiherereye kuruhande rwabakoresha kugirango bashyire mubikorwa gutunganya no kubungabunga ibimenyetso bitandukanye byamashanyarazi, kandi bitanga umukoresha-uruhande. UwitekaOLTnaONUByahujwe na pasitike ya optique itandukanya, kandi optique itandukanya ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amakuru yo hasi no gukusanya amakuru yo hejuru. Usibye ibikoresho bya terefone, sisitemu ya PON ntabwo isaba ibice byamashanyarazi bityo rero bikaba byoroshye.
PON ikoresha tekinoroji yo kugabana ibice byinshi (WDM) hamwe na tekinoroji ya 1490 nm / kuzamura 1310 nm ikomatanya kuri fibre imwe. Icyerekezo cyo hejuru ni ingingo-ku-buryo, naho icyerekezo cyo kumanuka ni uburyo bwo gutangaza. Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana imiterere shingiro ya PON.
Imiterere y'ibanze ya PON
Mu cyerekezo cyo hasi, iOLTKohereza amakuru paki kuri boseONUmuburyo bwo gutangaza, buri paki itwaye umutwe hamwe no kohereza aho ujyaONUibiranga. Iyo data packet igeze kuriONU, MAC urwego rwaONUikora adresse ya adresse, ikuramo paki yamakuru yonyine, kandi ikajugunya izindi paki.
Icyerekezo cya uplink gikoresha tekinoroji ya Time Multiplexing (TDM), hamwe na uplink amakuru ya benshiONUbigize amakuru ya TDM kugirango yoherezwe kuriOLT.
2.Umurongo wa optique (OLT)
Umurongo wa optique (OLT) imikorere yo gutanga interineti ihuza imiyoboro ya serivise na ODN, ikanatanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza serivisi zitandukanye. UwitekaOLTni imbere igizwe nurufatiro rwibanze, urwego rwa serivisi, hamwe na rusange. Serivisi itanga cyane cyane ibyambu bya serivisi kandi ishyigikira serivisi nyinshi; urwego rwibanze rutanga guhuza, kugwiza, no kohereza; kandi urwego rusange rutanga amashanyarazi no kubungabunga ibikorwa byo gucunga.
Kubaho kwaOLTIrashobora kugabanya guhuza gukomeye hagati ya serivise yo hejuru-ya serivise hamwe nu murongo wihariye, uyitwaye, umuyoboro, hamwe nubuyobozi bwibikoresho byinjira, kandi birashobora gutanga imiyoboro ihuriweho na optique yo guhuza imiyoboro.
Imikorere yibanze yaOLTshyiramo: ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza ibikorwa hamwe na DN yo guhuza ibikorwa.
UwitekaOLTImikorere ya serivise yimikorere irimo: imikorere yicyambu cya serivisi, imikorere ya serivise yo guhuza ibikorwa, guhuza ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, hamwe no kurinda interineti.
UwitekaOLTibikorwa bisanzwe birimo cyane cyane imikorere ya OAM nibikorwa byo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Imbaraga za optique zasohotse muriOLTikoreshwa cyane ahantu hakurikira.
Gutandukanya: Umubare munini wa shunts, niko igihombo kinini.
l Fibre: Intera ndende, niko igihombo kinini.
l ONU: Umubare munini, niko niniOLTkohereza imbaraga zisabwa. Kugirango tumenye neza ko buri mbaraga zigera kuriONUni hejuru kuruta kwakira sensibilité kandi ifite intera runaka, ingengo yimari igomba gushingira kumubare nyawo no kugabana imiterere.
3.Umuyoboro mwiza wo gukwirakwiza
Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza optique (ODN) nuburyo bwo gutanga itumanaho ryiza hagati yaOLTnaONU. Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru nukuzuza amakuru no gukwirakwiza hagati yaOLTnaONU, no gushiraho umuyoboro wanyuma-wohereza amakuru hagati yaONUnaOLT.
Iboneza rya ODN mubisanzwe ni ingingo-kuri-kugabana, ni ukuvuga byinshiONUByahujwe Kuri imweOLTbinyuze muri ODN imwe, kugirango rero byinshiONUirashobora gusangira optique yoherejwe hagati yaOLTna ODN hamwe na optoelectronic igikoresho cyaOLT.
(1) Ibigize ODN
Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize passiyo bigize ODN ni: fibre imwe ya fibre optique hamwe na fibre optique, umuhuza, pasitike optique itandukanya (OBD), ibyuma bya optique, hamwe na fibre optique.
(2) Imiterere ya topologiya ya ODN
Topologiya y'urusobe rwa ODN mubisanzwe ni ingingo-yo-kugwiza imiterere, ishobora kugabanywamo inyenyeri, igiti, bisi, nimpeta.
Imiterere y'urusobe rwa ODN
(3) Igenamiterere ryo kurinda gukora no guhagarara
Igikorwa gikora / gihagaze cyo kurinda imiyoboro ya ODN nugushiraho cyane cyane imiyoboro ibiri yohereza optique kubimenyetso bya optique byoherejwe numuyoboro wa ODN. Iyo umuyoboro wibanze unaniwe, irashobora guhitahindurakumuyoboro uhinduranya wohereza ibimenyetso bya optique, harimo fibre optique,OLTs, ONU, na Ibanze na backup kurinda igenamiterere rya fibre yoherejwe.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi kandi byihagararaho birashobora kuba mumurongo umwe wa optique cyangwa mumashanyarazi atandukanye. Imiyoboro nyamukuru na backup optique irashobora gushyirwaho mumiyoboro itandukanye, kugirango imikorere yo gukingira iba nziza.
(4) Ibyiza byo kohereza biranga ODN
Ibishushanyo mbonera bya ODN bigomba kwemeza ko serivisi iyo ari yo yose iteganijwe ishobora gutangwa nta mpinduka nini, icyifuzo kigira ingaruka zikomeye kubiranga ibice bitandukanye. Ibisabwa bishobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye kuri optique ya ODN nibi bikurikira.
l Optical wavelength transparency: Ibice bitandukanye bya optique pasitike ntibigomba kugira ingaruka kumucyo wibimenyetso byanduye. Ibimenyetso bya optique bisabwa numuyoboro wabigenewe bigomba koherezwa mu mucyo, bityo bigatanga porogaramu ya WDM izaza. Urufatiro.
l Guhinduranya: Iyo ibisohoka ninjiza byurusobe rwa ODN bihujwe, ibiranga ihererekanyabubasha ryurusobe rwa ODN ntibigomba guhinduka cyane, ni ukuvuga ko ihinduka ryumuyoboro mugari hamwe nibihombo bya optique bigomba kuba bike. Ibi byoroshya igishushanyo mbonera.
l Guhuza imikorere y'urusobe: Umuyoboro wa ODN ugomba gukomeza ibimenyetso bya optique bihoraho. Ibiranga imiyoboro ya ODN bigomba kuba bihuye na OFSAN yose hamwe numuyoboro wose witumanaho. Umuyoboro mugari hamwe nibihombo bya optique bigomba kuba byiza kuri OFSAN yose.
(5) Ibipimo bya ODN
Ibipimo byerekana imikorere ya optique yo gutakaza imikorere ya sisitemu yose ni nkibi bikurikira.
l Igihombo cya ODN optique: itandukaniro riri hagati yingufu ntoya yohereza no hejuru yakira sensibilité.
lIkintu ntarengwa cyemewe cyo gutakaza umuyoboro: itandukaniro riri hagati yingufu zogukwirakwiza nimbaraga nyinshi zakira sensibilité.
l Umuyoboro ntarengwa wemererwa gutakaza: itandukaniro riri hagati yingufu ntoya yohereza no hasi yakira sensibilité (point overload point).
(6) Kugaragaza ODN
Kugaragaza kwa ODN biterwa no gutakaza igihombo cyibice bitandukanye bigize ODN nibintu byose byerekana kumurongo wa optique. Muri rusange, ibitekerezo byose byihariye bigomba kuba byiza kuruta-35 dB, kandi ntarengwa yerekana uburyo bwo kubona fibre igomba kuba nziza kuruta-50 dB.
4. Igice cya Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Igice cya optique (ONU) iherereye hagati ya ODN nibikoresho byabakoresha, kandi itanga intera nziza hagati yumukoresha na ODN hamwe nu mashanyarazi hamwe nuruhande rwabakoresha kugirango bashyire mubikorwa gutunganya no gufata neza ibimenyetso bitandukanye byamashanyarazi. UwitekaONUigizwe nurufatiro rwibanze, serivisi ya serivise, hamwe na rusange. Serivisi ya serivisi yerekeza cyane cyane ku byambu by'abakoresha; urwego rwibanze rutanga ibintu byinshi kandi byiza; kandi urwego rusange rutanga amashanyarazi no gucunga neza.
5. Uburyo bwo gusaba PON
Ubucuruzi bwa PON buboneye nibyiza, kandi mubisanzwe birashobora gukoreshwa mubimenyetso byose nibipimo. Ugereranije nu ngingo-ku-ngingo ikora ya optique ikora, tekinoroji ya PON irangwa no kubungabunga byoroshye, igiciro gito (kuzigama fibre na optique ya optique), umuvuduko mwinshi woherejwe hamwe nigiciro kinini cyibiciro. Ibiranga bizatuma bikomeza inyungu zo guhatanira umwanya muremure, kandi PON yamye ifatwa nkicyerekezo cyiterambere cyigihe kizaza.
Porogaramu ikwiye cyane kuri PON ni: igice cyumuyoboro winjira hafi yimpera yumukiriya; umukiriya waONUserivisi ntabwo ishimangira gukenera kurengerwa cyangwa kurenga bypass; iOLTBirashobora gushirwa kumurongo hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo kubaho (kurugero, node hamwe no kurinda uruziga). Ahantu abakoresha bibanda cyane. PON ahanini ifite uburyo butatu bwo gusaba.
(1) Simbuza imiyoboro ibiri isanzwe yo guteranya: PON irashobora gusimbuza Layeri 2 iharihindurana optique ya optique, kandi uyobore umuyoboro wa LAN kumurongo wa IP metropolitan, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho:
PON isimbuza umuyoboro wa Layeri 2
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PON isimbuza ibice bijyanye kugirango igere kumurongo wa optique
. ishusho ikurikira:
Serivisi nyinshi