Imiterere shingiro ya fibre optique

Fibre yambaye ubusa ya fibre optique isanzwe igabanyijemo ibice bitatu: intangiriro, kwambara no gutwikira.

Fibre fibre hamwe no kwambika bigizwe nikirahure gifite indangagaciro zitandukanye zivunika, hagati ni indangagaciro ndende yerekana ibirahure (germanium-dope silika), naho hagati ni indangagaciro ntoya ya silika yerekana ibirahuri (silika yera). Umucyo winjira muri fibre kumurongo wihariye wibyabaye, kandi imyuka yose iba hagati ya fibre no kwambika (kubera ko indangagaciro yo kwanga kwambarwa iri munsi gato yibyingenzi), bityo irashobora gukwirakwira muri fibre.

Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo gutwikira ni ukurinda fibre optique kwangirika hanze, mugihe wongeyeho fibre optique. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, intandaro no kwambika bikozwe mu kirahure kandi ntibishobora kugorama kandi byoroshye. Gukoresha igipfundikizo kirinda kandi bikongerera ubuzima bwa fibre.

Igice cyicyatsi cyo hanze cyongewe kuri fibre idafite ubusa. Usibye kuyirinda, icyatsi cyo hanze cyamabara atandukanye gishobora no gukoreshwa mugutandukanya fibre optique.

Fibre optique igabanijwemo fibre yuburyo bumwe (Fibre imwe imwe) hamwe na fibre ya Multimode (Multi Mode Fibre) ukurikije uburyo bwo kohereza. Umucyo winjira muri fibre kumurongo wihariye wibyabaye, kandi imyuka yuzuye iba hagati ya fibre na cladding. Iyo diameter ari nto, icyerekezo kimwe cyumucyo cyemerewe kunyuramo, ni ukuvuga fibre imwe-imwe; iyo diameter ya fibre nini, urumuri rushobora kwemererwa. Injira kandi ukwirakwize ku mpande nyinshi zabaye, iki gihe cyitwa fibre fibre.

Ibiranga fibre optique

Fibre optique ifite ibintu bibiri byingenzi biranga: gutakaza no gutatana. Gutakaza fibre optique bivuga kwiyerekana kuri buri burebure bwa fibre optique, muri dB / km. Urwego rwo gutakaza fibre optique rugira ingaruka itaziguye yo kohereza imiyoboro ya optique ya fibre optique cyangwa intera iri hagati ya sitasiyo ya relay. Ikwirakwizwa rya fibre bivuga ko ibimenyetso bitangwa na fibre bitwarwa nibice bitandukanye byinshyi hamwe nuburyo butandukanye, kandi umuvuduko wo kohereza mubice bitandukanye byumuvuduko nibintu bitandukanye bitandukanye, biganisha ku kugoreka ibimenyetso.

Ikwirakwizwa rya fibre igabanyijemo ibice byo gutatanya ibintu, gukwirakwiza umurongo wa waveguide no gukwirakwiza modal. Ubwoko bubiri bwa mbere bwo gutatana buterwa nikimenyetso kitari inshuro imwe, kandi ubwoko bwa nyuma bwo gutandukana buterwa nikimenyetso ntabwo ari uburyo bumwe. Ikimenyetso ntabwo ari uburyo bumwe buzatera uburyo bwo gutandukana.

Fibre imwe-fibre ifite uburyo bumwe gusa bwibanze, kubwibyo hariho gukwirakwiza ibintu gusa no gukwirakwiza umurongo, kandi nta gutandukana. Fibre ya multimode ifite intera ikwirakwiza. Ikwirakwizwa rya fibre optique ntabwo igira ingaruka gusa kubushobozi bwo kohereza fibre optique, ahubwo inagabanya intera yerekana sisitemu yo gutumanaho ya fibre optique.

Ubwoko bumwe bwa fibre

Fibre imwe-imwe (Fibre Mode imwe), urumuri rwinjira muri fibre kumurongo wihariye, kandi imyuka yuzuye iba hagati ya fibre no kwambika. Iyo diameter igabanijwe, icyerekezo kimwe cyumucyo cyemerewe kunyuramo, ni ukuvuga fibre imwe-imwe; Ikirahuri cyo hagati cyibikoresho bya fibre yoroheje cyane, diameter yibanze muri rusange ni 8.5 cyangwa 9.5 mm, kandi ikora kuri 1310 na 1550 nm yumurambararo.

Fibre fibre

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa fibre (Ibikoresho byinshi) ni fibre itanga uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyobora. Diameter yibanze ya fibre fibre muri rusange ni 50μm / 62.5 mm. Kuberako diameter yibanze ya fibre ya multimode nini nini, irashobora kwemerera uburyo butandukanye bwumucyo kwanduza fibre imwe. Uburebure busanzwe bwa multimode ni 850nm na 1300nm. Hariho kandi uburyo bushya bwa fibre fibre yiswe WBMMF (Wideband Multimode Fibre), ikoresha uburebure buri hagati ya 850nm na 953nm.

Byombi fibre imwe-fibre-fibre-fibre ifite diameter yambarwa ya 125 mkm.

Fibre yuburyo bumwe cyangwa fibre yuburyo bwinshi?

Intera yoherejwe

Diameter ntoya ya fibre imwe yuburyo bumwe ituma imitekerereze ikomera, bigatuma uburyo bumwe bwurumuri bugenda, kugirango ibimenyetso bya optique bishobora kugenda kure. Nkuko urumuri runyuze mu nsi, ubwinshi bwurumuri rugabanuka, bikagabanuka kandi bigatera no gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso. Kuberako idafite uburyo bwo gutandukanya cyangwa gutandukanya intera ntoya, fibre imwe-imwe irashobora kohereza kilometero 40 cyangwa zirenga bitagize ingaruka ku kimenyetso. Kubwibyo, fibre yuburyo bumwe ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kohereza amakuru maremare kandi ikoreshwa cyane mumasosiyete y'itumanaho hamwe nabatanga televiziyo hamwe na kaminuza, nibindi.

Fibre ya fibre ifite diameter nini kandi irashobora kohereza urumuri muburyo bwinshi. Mu buryo bwinshi bwo kohereza, bitewe nubunini bunini bwibanze, gutandukanya intera nini ni nini, ni ukuvuga ibimenyetso bya optique "bikwirakwira" byihuse. Ubwiza bwibimenyetso buzagabanuka mugihe cyohereza intera ndende, kubwibyo fibre-moderi isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukoresha intera ngufi, amajwi / amashusho hamwe nimbuga zaho (LAN), na OM3 / OM4 / OM5 fibre yuburyo bwinshi irashobora gushyigikira hejuru -kwihutisha kohereza amakuru.

Umuyoboro mugari, ubushobozi

Umuyoboro mugari usobanurwa nkubushobozi bwo gutwara amakuru. Ikintu nyamukuru kigira ingaruka mubugari bwa optique ya fibre fibre ikwirakwizwa ni itandukaniro ritandukanye, murirwo moderi ikwirakwizwa ningirakamaro cyane. Ikwirakwizwa rya fibre imwe-fibre ni ntoya, irashobora rero kohereza urumuri mumurongo mugari wa intera ndende. Kubera ko fibre-moderi nyinshi izabyara intererano, kwivanga nibindi bibazo bigoye, ntabwo aribyiza nkibisanzwe byubwoko bumwe mumurongo nubushobozi. Igisekuru gishya cyubwoko bwinshi bwa fibre fibre OM5 yashyizwe kuri 28000MHz / km, mugihe umurongo umwe wa fibre nini nini cyane.