Hamwe niterambere ryimijyi igezweho igana kumikorere myinshi, imiterere yimijyi iragenda irushaho kuba ingorabahizi, kandi hariho amajana, amagana, cyangwa ibihumbi n'ibihumbi byo kugenzura ubutaka. Kugirango amashami yimikorere ashobore gutahura amashusho yigihe-gihe, asobanutse kandi yujuje ubuziranenge amashusho byihuse, Garagaza impagarara zumutungo wa fibre optique. Byongeye kandi, muri iki gihe ibikorwa bigenda byiyongera kandi bigoye mumijyi, kongera gushyira insinga za fibre optique ntabwo bihenze cyane, ariko guhuza amashyaka yose biragoye. Urebye ibi, nigute wakemura ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru?
Mubyukuri, ikibazo kimwe cyahuye nacyo mukubaka FTTH (Fibre to Home) nabashinzwe itumanaho. Kugirango ukemure iki kibazo, tanga umukino wuzuye kumurongo mugari wa fibre optique, ukemure ikibazo cyibikoresho bya fibre optique, kandi utezimbere ubwizerwe bwurusobe, abakora itumanaho bahisemo ikoranabuhanga rya PON (pasiporo optique). Iri koranabuhanga rirashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukurikirana imiyoboro yumutekano.
PON (PassiveOpticalNetwork) numuyoboro mwiza wa optique. Umuyoboro wa optique urimo umurongo wa optique (OLT) yashyizwe muri sitasiyo yo kugenzura hagati, hamwe nuruhererekane rwo guhuza imiyoboro ya optique (ONU) yashyizwe mumwanya wumukoresha. Umuyoboro mwiza wo gukwirakwiza (ODN) hagati yaOLTna ONU irimo fibre optique hamwe na optique ya optique itandukanya cyangwa ihuza.
Umuyoboro mwiza wa optique ntabwo ufite ibikoresho bifatika kuva hagati kugeza kumurongo utuye. Ahubwo, ibikoresho bya optique byinjizwa murusobe kandi traffic yoherejwe iyobowe no gutandukanya imbaraga zuburebure bwa optique kumuhanda wose. Uku gusimburwa kuvanaho gukenera abakoresha gutanga no kubungabunga ibikoresho bikora murwego rwohereza, bizigama cyane ibiciro byabakoresha. Passive optique itandukanya hamwe na coupers bigira gusa uruhare rwo kohereza no kugabanya urumuri, ntibikeneye gutanga amashanyarazi no gutunganya amakuru, kandi bifite igihe ntarengwa ntarengwa hagati yo kunanirwa, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga muburyo bwose.
Ibyiza bya tekinoroji ya PON bigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira:
1. Umuyoboro mwiza wa fibre optique nigisubizo kiboneye cyiterambere ryigihe kizaza, cyane cyane tekinoroji ya PON byagaragaye ko aribwo buryo buhenze cyane muguhuza umurongo mugari wa none.
2. Bitewe no gukoresha tekinoroji ya PON, umuyoboro wose wo gukwirakwiza optique ni pasiporo, kandi umuyoboro wa optique ni muto mubunini kandi byoroshye mubikoresho. Ugereranije numuyoboro wumuringa wumuringa, PON irashobora kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga no gukora, kandi ikirinda rwose kwivanga kwa electromagnetique no kutabangamira inkuba.
3. PassiveONU.
4. Kuberako ibice bya passiyo bikoreshwa kandi optique ya fibre optique ikwirakwizwa, igiciro cyishoramari cyurusobe rwose ruri hasi.
5. PON ibonerana kuri sisitemu yo kohereza ikoreshwa kurwego runaka, kandi biroroshye kuzamura.
Ikoranabuhanga rya PON ryabaye ihitamo ryambere ryinganda kuri fibre-murugo (FTTH). Tekinoroji ya PON ikoresha ingingo-kuri-kugwiza topologiya, no kumanura no guhanagura amakuru binyuze muri TDM na TDMA. Intera iri hagati ya OLT naONUirashobora kugera kuri 20km, igipimo cyo kohereza ni icyerekezo cya 1Gbps, kandi igipimo kinini cyo gutandukana muri rusange gishyigikira 1:32 cyangwa irenga. Irashobora kwigabanyamo urwego rumwe cyangwa ibice byinshi muri casade.
Gukoresha tekinoroji ya PON birashobora gukemura neza imiyoboro ikurikirana umurongo hamwe nintera ntarengwa. UwitekaOLTibikoresho kuruhande rwibiro byoherejwe mubyumba byibiro kuruhande rwibiro. Gutandukanya urwego rwinshi rukoreshwa mugutahura uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza ingingo. UwitekaONU+ kamera y'urusobe ikoreshwa nka terefone ihuza. UwitekaONUbirashobora kuba PoEhindurahamwe n'imikorere ya PON. Ku cyumba cyo kugenzura abakiriya no kubika seriveri. Irashobora gukurikiranwa mucyumba cyo kugenzura mugihe nyacyo, kandi amakuru ya videwo yoherejwe kuri seriveri yabitswe icyarimwe, byorohereza gukusanya ibimenyetso nyuma yukuri.
Uyu munsi, "gutera imbere kwa optique no gukuramo umuringa", ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya PON ni ngombwa cyane. Fengrunda yatangijeOLTnaONUibikoresho, kimwe no gushyigikira ibisubizo byumutekano PON, hanyuma ubanza gutangiza PoEhindurahamwe na PON imikorere, igize icyuho cyaONUudafite PoE ku isoko ryubu. Sisitemu yo kurebera kure ya videwo ukoresheje tekinoroji ya PON ikemura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ibibazo by’ingingo zitoroshye kandi zikomeye hamwe n’umutungo wa fibre ukomeye mu mijyi igezweho. Ifite inyungu ntagereranywa mubice byinshi nkiboneza imiyoboro, ibikoresho bya fibre, ubwiza bwa videwo, no kwizerwa. Iterambere rya serivise zo kurebera kure zitanga ibisubizo byiza byurusobe.