Kumenyekanisha sisitemu zitandukanye za PON
1. Ikoranabuhanga rya APON
Mu myaka ya za 90 rwagati, bamwe mu bakora ibikorwa by’urusobe bashizeho Urwego rwuzuye rwa Network Service Alliance (FSAN), intego yabo ikaba ari ugushiraho ibipimo bihuriweho n’ibikoresho bya PON kugira ngo abakora ibikoresho n’abakora ibicuruzwa binjire ku isoko ry’ibikoresho bya PON kandi bahangane hamwe. Igisubizo cyambere nigisobanuro cya sisitemu ya 155Mbit / s PON murwego rwa ITU-T G.983. Kuberako ATM ikoreshwa nka protocole yabatwara, iyi sisitemu yitwa sisitemu ya APON, kandi akenshi usanga itumvikana nkuko itanga serivisi za ATM gusa. Kubwibyo, ryiswe Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON) kugirango yerekane ko iyi sisitemu ishobora gutanga serivise ya Ethernet Broadband nka enterineti, gukwirakwiza amashusho, hamwe nimirongo ikodeshwa byihuse. Ariko, kuri iki gisekuru cya sisitemu ya FSAN, izina rikoreshwa cyane ni APON. Nyuma, igipimo cya APON cyarazamuwe, kandi gitangira gushyigikira kugabanuka 622 Mbit / s, kandi ibintu bishya byongewemo muburyo bwo kurinda, kugabura kwaguka kwinshi (DBA), nibindi bice.
APON ikoresha ATM nka protocole yabatwara. Ikwirakwizwa ryimbere ni ATM ikomeza kandi ifite igipimo cya 155.52Mbit / s cyangwa 622.08Mbit / s. Imikorere idasanzwe yimikorere yo gucunga no kubungabunga (PLOAM) selile yinjizwa mumasoko yamakuru. Ikwirakwizwa ryimbere ni selile ya ATM muburyo buturika. Kugirango ugere ku guturika no kwakirwa, 3-byte yumubiri wongeyeho imbere ya buri selire 53-byte. Ku gipimo fatizo cya 155.52 Mbit / s, protocole yo kohereza ishingiye kumurongo wo hasi urimo selile 56 za ATM (53 bytes kuri selile); iyo igipimo cya biti cyiyongereye kugera kuri 622.08 Mbit / s, ikadiri yo kumanura yaguwe kugeza kuri 224 Cell. Ku gipimo fatizo cya 155.52 Mbit / s, imiterere yikadiri ya uplink ni selile 53, buri selire ni 56 bytes (53 ATM selile byite wongeyeho 3 bytes hejuru). Usibye 54 data data selile murwego rwo kumanura, hariho selile ebyiri za PLOAM, imwe mugitangiriro cyikadiri indi hagati yikadiri. Buri selire ya PLOAM ikubiyemo uruhushya rwo kohereza kuri selile yihariye murwego rwo hejuru (53 Upstream frame selile ifite inkunga 53 yashizwe muma selile ya PLOAM) hamwe namakuru ya OAM & P. APON itanga imikorere ikungahaye cyane kandi yuzuye ya OAM, harimo kugenzura ikosa ryibipimo bito, biteye ubwoba, kuvumbura byikora, no gushakisha byikora. Nuburyo bwumutekano, irashobora gushakisha no gushishoza amakuru yamanutse.
Urebye uburyo bwo gutunganya amakuru, muri APON, amakuru yumukoresha agomba koherezwa munsi ya protocole ihinduka (AAL1 / 2 kuri TDM na AAL5 yo kohereza amakuru). Ihinduka riragoye guhuza numuyoboro mwinshi, kandi ibikoresho bikora iyi mirimo birimo ibikoresho bifasha bifitanye isano, nka memoire yibikoresho, Glue Logic, nibindi, nabyo byongera byinshi kubiciro bya sisitemu.
Noneho, niba ari umuyoboro muremure wohereza imiyoboro cyangwa akarere ka metropolitani kugera kumurongo uhuza urwego, ikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rya digitale ryagiye rihinduka kuva kuri ATM-ryerekeza kuri IP-ritanga itumanaho rya videwo, amajwi, namakuru. Kubwibyo, gusa imiyoboro y'urusobekerane rushobora guhuza nuburyo bugezweho hamwe na tekinoroji yibanze ya tekinoroji irashobora gutuma ejo hazaza huzuye optique ya IP.
APON yagiye isohoka buhoro buhoro ku isoko kubera ubunini bwayo no kohereza amakuru make.
2. EPON
Hafi icyarimwe na sisitemu ya APON, IEEE yashyizeho kandi itsinda ryambere ryubushakashatsi bwa kilometero ya Ethernet (EFM) kugirango itangize EPON ishingiye kuri Ethernet (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) mubijyanye numuyoboro wa fibre, byerekana isoko nziza. Itsinda ryinyigisho ni iryitsinda rya IEEE 802.3 ryateje imbere urwego rwa Ethernet. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubushakashatsi bwabwo bugarukira gusa ku myubakire, kandi bugomba guhuza n'imikorere iriho 802.3 yo kugenzura itangazamakuru (MAC). Muri Mata 2004, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryashyizeho igipimo cya IEEE 802.3ah kuri EPON, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cyo kuzamuka no kumanuka cya 1 Gbit / s (ukoresheje code ya 8B / 10B, hamwe n’umurongo wa 1.25 Gbit / s), bikarangira abakora EPON ' gukoresha protocole yigenga kugirango utezimbere ibikoresho bisanzwe.
EPON ni umurongo mugari wa sisitemu ishingiye kuri tekinoroji ya Ethernet. Ikoresha PON topologiya kugirango ishyire mubikorwa Ethernet. Tekinoroji yingenzi yamakuru ahuza ibice cyane cyane harimo: Multiple Access Control Protocol (MPCP) kumuyoboro wa uplink, gucomeka no gukina ikibazo cyaONU, kuringaniza no gutinza protocole yindishyi zaOLT, hamwe na protocole ibibazo bihuza.
Igice gifatika cya IEEE 802.3ah gikubiyemo ingingo-zombi (P2P) zihuza fibre optique hamwe ninsinga z'umuringa, hamwe na PON y'urusobekerane rwa point-to-multipoint (P2MP). Kugirango byorohereze imikorere y'urusobekerane no gusana amakosa, uburyo bwa OAM nabwo burimo. Kuri P2MP y'urusobe rwa topologiya, EPON ishingiye kuburyo bwiswe Multipoint Control Protocol (MPCP), ni imikorere muri MAC sublayer. MPCP ikoresha ubutumwa, imashini za leta, nigihe cyo kugenzura kugera kuri P2MP ya topologiya. Buri tsinda rya optique (ONU) muri topologiya ya P2MP ifite urwego MPCP protocole ivugana numushinga MPCP protocole muriOLT. .
Ishimikiro rya protocole ya EPON / MPCP ni ingingo-ku-ngingo yo kwigana sublayer, ituma umuyoboro wa P2MP usa nkikusanyirizo rya P2P ihuza urwego rwisumbuye rwa protocole.
Kugirango ugabanye ikiguzi cyaONU, tekinoroji yingenzi ya EPON igaragara yumubiri yibanze kuriOLT, harimo guhuza byihuse ibimenyetso biturika, guhuza urusobe, kugenzura imbaraga za optique ya transceiver modules, hamwe no kwakira neza.
EPON ikomatanya ibyiza bya PON na Ethernet yibicuruzwa kugirango ibone ibyiza byinshi bidasanzwe. Sisitemu ya EPON irashobora gutanga umurongo wo hejuru no kumanura umurongo wa 1 Gbit / s, ushobora guhuza ibyifuzo byabakoresha mugihe kizaza igihe kirekire. EPON ikoresha tekinoroji igamije gushyigikira abakoresha benshi, kandi buri mukoresha arashobora kwishimira umurongo mugari. Sisitemu ya EPON ntabwo ikoresha ibikoresho bya ATM bihenze nibikoresho bya SONET, kandi irahuza na Ethernet ihari, yoroshya cyane imiterere ya sisitemu, igiciro gito, kandi byoroshye kuzamura. Bitewe n'ubuzima burebure bwibikoresho bya optique, ibiciro byo kubungabunga imirongo yo hanze biragabanuka cyane. Mugihe kimwe, interineti isanzwe ya Ethernet irashobora kwifashisha ibikoresho bya Ethernet bihenze kandi bikabika ibiciro. Imiterere ya PON ubwayo igena ko umuyoboro ari munini cyane. Igihe cyose ibikoresho bya terefone bisimbuwe, umuyoboro urashobora kuzamurwa kuri 10 Gbit / s cyangwa irenga. EPON ntishobora gusa guhuza televiziyo isanzwe, amakuru na serivisi zijwi, ariko kandi irashobora guhuzwa na serivise zizaza nka TV ya Digital, VoIP, inama ya videwo na VOD, nibindi, kugirango igere kuri serivisi ihuriweho.
Ikoreshwa ryuzuye ryabatwara EPON hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bwo kugera birarushijeho gukungahaza umurongo mugari wa tekinoroji.
Gukoresha EPON birashobora gutuma DSL isenya intera gakondo igarukira kandi ikagura ubwishingizi. IyoONUyinjijwe muri Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM), intera igera kuri DSL hamwe nitsinda ryabakoresha ryiyongera cyane.
Muri ubwo buryo, muguhuza CMTS (Cable Modem Termination Sisitemu) yaONU, EPON irashobora gutanga umurongo mugari wa Cable ihuza, kandi ikemerera abakoresha insinga gushyira mubikorwa serivise zikorana mugihe bagabanya ibiciro byubwubatsi nibikorwa.
Muri ibyo bihe byombi, abashoramari barashobora kongera abakoresha babo bashingiye kumiterere yabo ihari nishoramari. EPON irashobora kandi kwagura ingingo-ku-ngingo MSPP (Serivisi zitanga serivisi nyinshi) hamwe na IP / Ethernet.
Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya EPON irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukemura ikibazo cya uplink data ya sitasiyo fatizo muri tekinoroji ya enterineti itajyanye na rezo yibanze.
3．GPON
Muri 2001, FSAN yatangije imbaraga nshya zo guhuza imiyoboro ya PON ikora hejuru ya 1 Gbit / s. Usibye gushyigikira ibiciro biri hejuru, protocole yose yarafunguwe kugirango utekereze kandi ushake igisubizo cyiza kandi cyiza muburyo bwo gushyigikira serivisi nyinshi, OAM & P imikorere nubunini. Mu rwego rw’imirimo ya GPON, FSAN yabanje gukusanya ibyifuzo by’abanyamuryango bayo bose (harimo n’abakora ibikorwa bikomeye ku isi), hanyuma ishingiye kuri ibi, yandika inyandiko yitwa Gigabit Service Requirements (GSR) irayitanga ku mugaragaro (G.GON. GSR) kuri ITU-T. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya GPON byasobanuwe muri dosiye ya GSR nibi bikurikira.
l Shyigikira serivisi zuzuye, zirimo ijwi (TDM, SONET / SDH), Ethernet (10/100 Base-T), ATM, imirongo ikodeshwa, nibindi.
Intera yumubiri itwikiriwe byibuze 20km, kandi intera yumvikana igarukira kuri 60km.
l Shyigikira ibiciro bitandukanye biti ukoresheje protocole imwe, harimo 622 Mbit / s, ihuza 1.25 Gbit / s, kumanuka 2.5 Gbit / s no hejuru ya 1.25 Gbit / s, nibindi biciro bya biti.
l OAM & P imikorere ikomeye ishobora gutanga imiyoborere ya serivise iherezo.
l Bitewe no gutangaza ibiranga PON, umutekano wa serivisi zimanuka zigomba kwizerwa kurwego rwa protocole.
FSAN yasabye ko igishushanyo mbonera cya GPON kigomba kuba cyujuje intego zikurikira.
Imiterere yimiterere irashobora kwagurwa kuva 622Mbit / s ikagera kuri 2.5Gbit / s, kandi igashyigikira igipimo cya asimmetric.
l Kwemeza gukoresha umurongo mugari no gukoresha neza ubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose.
Shyiramo serivisi iyo ari yo yose (TDM na packet) muri 125m ikoresheje GFP.
l Gukwirakwiza neza kandi kubusa serivisi za TDM nziza.
l Umuyoboro mugari wa buriweseONUBinyuze mu murongo.
Kubera ko GPON yongeye gusuzuma ibyifuzo n'ibisabwa bya PON kuva hasi, yashyizeho urufatiro rw'igisubizo gishya kandi ntikigishingiye ku gipimo cya APON cyabanjirije iki, bityo bamwe mu bakora inganda babyita PON kavukire (uburyo busanzwe bwa PON). Ku ruhande rumwe, GPON igumana imirimo myinshi itajyanye neza na PON, nk'ubutumwa bwa OAM, DBA, n'ibindi. Ku rundi ruhande, GPON ishingiye ku gipimo gishya cya TC (guhuza imiyoboro). GFP (uburyo rusange bwo gushiraho) yatoranijwe na FSAN ni protocole ishingiye kumurongo ihuza amakuru ya serivisi kuva kubakiriya bo murwego rwo hejuru rwurusobe rwubwikorezi binyuze muburyo rusange. Umuyoboro wo gutwara abantu ushobora kuba ubwoko bwurusobe urwo arirwo rwose, nka SONET / SDH na ITU-T G.709 (OTN), nibindi. Ibisobanuro byabakiriya birashobora kuba bishingiye kubipaki (nka IP / PPP, ni ukuvuga IP / Point to Point protocal , cyangwa Ethernet MAC amakadiri, nibindi), Birashobora kandi kuba igipimo gihoraho cya biti cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwamakuru yubucuruzi. GFP yashyizwe kumugaragaro nka ITU-T isanzwe G.7041. Kuberako GFP itanga uburyo bunoze kandi bworoshye bwo kohereza serivise zitandukanye kumurongo wohererezanya amakuru, nibyiza kuyikoresha nkibishingiro bya GPON TC. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe ukoresheje GFP, GPON TC mubyukuri irahuza kandi ikoresha ama frame asanzwe ya SONET / SDH 8kHz (125ms), ifasha GPON gushyigikira byimazeyo serivisi za TDM. Mubisanzwe byashyizwe ahagaragara kumugaragaro G.984.3, icyifuzo cya FSAN kuri GFP nkuko tekinoroji ya TC yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere yemejwe, hanakorwa ubundi buryo bworoshye bwo gutunganya, bwitwa GPON encapsulation method (GEM, GPONEncapsulationMethod).
Ikoreshwa rya sisitemu ya EPON
EPON, nkikoranabuhanga rishya ryogukoresha umurongo mugari, ni urubuga rwuzuye rutanga serivise zishobora gushyigikira serivisi zamakuru kimwe na serivisi zigihe-nkijwi na videwo.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyinzira ya EPON irashobora gukoresha uburebure bwa 3. Niba udatekereza gushyigikira serivisi za CATV cyangwa DWDM, uburebure bubiri bwumurongo burakoreshwa. Iyo ukoresheje uburebure bwa 3, uburebure bwo hejuru ni 1310nm, uburebure bwo hasi ni 1490nm, hiyongereyeho 1550nm yuburebure. Uburebure bwa 1550nm bwiyongereye bukoreshwa mu kohereza mu buryo butaziguye ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho. Kubera ko ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho bigezweho byiganjemo serivisi za radiyo na televiziyo, biravugwa ko bitazasimburwa rwose na serivisi zerekana amashusho kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015. Kubera iyo mpamvu, sisitemu ya EPON yateguwe ubu igomba gushyigikira serivisi z’amashusho ya sisitemu na serivisi zerekana amashusho. Umwimerere wa 1490nm uracyatwara amakuru yamanutse, videwo ya sisitemu na serivisi zijwi, hamwe na 1310nm yohereza ibimenyetso byerekana amajwi yumukoresha, videwo ya digitale kubisabwa (VOD), kandi igasaba amakuru yo gukuramo amakuru.
Ibimenyetso byijwi bifite ibyangombwa bisabwa mubukererwe na jitter, kandi Ethernet ntabwo itanga gutinda kurangiza-gutinda, igipimo cyo gutakaza paki, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugenzura umurongo. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwa serivisi mugihe EPON irenze ibimenyetso byijwi nikibazo cyihutirwa gukemurwa.
1. Ubucuruzi bwa TDM
Kugeza ubu, ikibazo cya EPON gikemangwa cyane ni ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kohereza serivisi gakondo za TDM.
Serivisi za TDM zavuzwe hano zirimo ubwoko bubiri bwa serivisi zijwi (POTS, Serivisi ya Terefone ikunzwe cyane) hamwe na serivise zumuzunguruko (T1 / El, N´64kbit / s imirongo yatijwe).
Iyo sisitemu ya EPON itwara amakuru yihariye yumurongo (2048kbit / s cyangwa 13´64kbit / s serivisi zamakuru), TDM hejuru ya Ethernet irasabwa. Sisitemu ya EPON irashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo guhinduranya cyangwa VolP mugihe utwaye serivisi zijwi.
Mu myaka mike iri imbere, kubera ko isoko rya serivisi zumuzunguruko rikiri nini cyane, sisitemu ya EPON isabwa gutwara paki zombi-yahinduweserivisi n'umuzunguruko-yahinduweserivisi. Nigute EFM itwara TDM kuri EPON nuburyo bwo kwemeza ireme rya serivisi za TDM. Nta ngingo zihariye ziri mu ikoranabuhanga, ariko zigomba guhuzwa na format ya Ethernet. Serivisi nyinshi EPON (MS-EPON) ikoresha E1 Kurenga tekinoroji ya Ethernet, ikemura neza ikibazo cyo guhuza serivisi za TDM kumurongo wa Ethernet, bigafasha EPON kumenya itumanaho rya serivisi nyinshi no kuyigeraho. Igihe kimwe, MS-EPON yatsinze icyuho kiri hagatiOLTnaONU. Isangano ryisanganya ryibintu bitanga abakoresha Ethernet garanti yemewe.
Uburyo bwa ensapsulation ya Ethernet butuma tekinoroji ya EPON ikwiranye no gutwara serivisi za IP, ariko kandi ihura nikibazo gikomeye-biragoye gutwara serivisi za TDM nkijwi cyangwa amakuru yumuzunguruko. EPON numuyoboro wa Ethernet ushingiye kumurongo. Ntabwo ifite isaha ihanitse-isobekeranye kurusobe, kandi biragoye kubahiriza igihe no guhuza ibisabwa bya serivisi za TDM. Kugira ngo dukemure ikibazo cyo guhuza igihe cya serivisi za TDM mugihe twemeza ibibazo bya tekiniki nka QoS ya serivisi ya TDM, ntitugomba gusa kunoza igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu ya EPON ubwayo, ahubwo tugomba no gukoresha tekinoroji yihariye.
Imikorere yerekana uruzigayahinduweserivisi yijwi yerekana ko iyo sisitemu ya EPON ikoresha uruzigayahinduweuburyo bwo gutwara serivisi zijwi, bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa na YDN 065-1997 "Ibisobanuro rusange bya tekiniki kubikoresho byo guhinduranya terefone bya minisiteri y’amaposita n’itumanaho" na YD / T 1128-2001 "Ibikoresho rusange byo guhinduranya terefone" Ibisobanuro bya tekinike (Umugereka 1 ) “Ibisabwa kugirango umuzunguruko usukureyahinduweubwiza bw'ijwi. Kubwibyo, EPON kuri ubu ifite ibibazo bikurikira na serivisi za TDM.
Service Serivisi ya TDM QoS garanti: Nubwo umurongo wa interineti ukoreshwa na serivisi ya TDM ari muto, ifite ibisabwa byinshi kubipimo nko gutinda, jitter, drift, nigipimo cyamakosa. Ibi ntibisaba gusa kureba uburyo bwo kugabanya gutinda kwihererekanyabubasha hamwe na jitter ya serivisi ya TDM mugihe cyo kugabura kwaguka kwaguka, ariko kandi harebwa niba serivisi ya TDM igenzura byimazeyo gutinda na jitter muburyo bwo kugenzura imiyoboro yagutse.
② Igihe no guhuza serivisi za TDM: Serivisi za TDM zifite ibisabwa cyane cyane mugihe no guhuza. EPON mubyukuri numuyoboro udahuza ushingiye kubuhanga bwa Ethernet. Nta saha yo gutumanaho ihanitse ihanitse murusobe. Ubusobanuro bwamasaha bwasobanuwe na Ethernet ni ± 100´10 kandi isaha isabwa na serivisi gakondo ya TDM ni ± 50´10. Byongeye kandi, mugihe utanga isaha yitumanaho ihujwe murusobe rwose, amakuru ya TDM agomba koherezwa mugihe gishoboka kugirango yuzuze ibisabwa na amakosa.
Survive Kurokoka kwa EPON: Serivisi ya TDM isaba kandi ko imiyoboro yabatwara igomba kugira ubuzima bwiza. Iyo gutsindwa gukomeye bibaye, serivisi irashobora kwizerwayahinduwemugihe gito gishoboka. Kuberako EPON ikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo kubaka imiyoboro, yegeranye cyane nabakoresha, kandi porogaramu zitandukanye no gukoresha ibidukikije biragoye. Irashobora kwibasirwa byoroshye nibintu bitazwi nko kubaka imijyi, bigatera impanuka nko guhagarika imiyoboro. Kubwibyo, sisitemu ya EPON irasabwa byihutirwa gutanga igisubizo kirinda sisitemu yo gukingira.
2. Serivisi za IP
EPON yohereza amakuru yamakuru ya IP idafite protocole ihinduka kandi ifite imikorere ihanitse, ikwiranye na serivisi zamakuru.
Ikoranabuhanga rya VolP, nk'ikoranabuhanga rishyushye mu iterambere, ryageze ku ntera runaka yo gukoresha mu myaka yashize, kandi ni uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara serivisi z'ijwi ku mbuga za IP. Muri sisitemu ya EPON, birashoboka kandi gushyira mubikorwa serivisi za terefone gakondo wongeyeho ibikoresho cyangwa ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bya VoIP. Gukoresha tekinoroji ya VoIP, mugihe cyose gutinda na jitter biranga serivise yijwi rya EPON byemewe, indi mirimo isigara kuruhande rwabakoresha kuruhande rwibikoresho byinjira (IAD, Integrated Access Device) hamwe nigikoresho cyo hagati cyinjira mumarembo kugirango batunganyirize serivisi yijwi Ikwirakwizwa. Ubu buryo buroroshye kubushyira mubikorwa kandi burashobora kwerekana mu buryo butaziguye ikoranabuhanga risanzweho, ariko risaba ibikoresho byo mu biro bikuru bihenze byo kwinjira mu marembo, amafaranga menshi yo kubaka imiyoboro, kandi bigarukira ku makosa y’ikoranabuhanga rya VoIP ubwaryo. Mubyongeyeho, E1 na N´64kbit / s serivisi zamakuru ntishobora gutangwa.
Iyo sisitemu ya EPON ikoresha VoIP kugirango itware serivisi zijwi, igomba kuba yujuje ibipimo bikurikira byerekana serivisi zijwi rya VoIP.
Time Ingengabihe yo guhinduranya amajwi ya code iri munsi ya 60m.
Should Igomba kugira 80ms yububiko bwo kubika kugirango harebwe niba nta mvugo ihagarika imvugo.
Assessment Intego yo gusuzuma amajwi: Iyo imiyoboro imeze neza, impuzandengo ya PSQM iri munsi ya 1.5; iyo imiyoboro imeze nabi (igipimo cyo gutakaza paki = 1%, jitter = 20ms, gutinda = 100m), impuzandengo ya PSQM ni <1.8; Iyo ibintu bimeze nabi (igipimo cyo gutakaza paki = 5%, jitter = 60ms, gutinda = 400m), impuzandengo ya PSQM iri munsi ya 2.0.
Assessment Isuzuma rishingiye ku mvugo: Iyo imiterere y'urusobe ari nziza, impuzandengo ya MOS ni> 4.0; iyo imiyoboro imeze nabi (igipimo cyo gutakaza paki = 1%, jitter = 20ms, gutinda = 100m), impuzandengo ya MOS ni <3.5; umuyoboro Iyo ibintu bimeze nabi (igipimo cyo gutakaza paki = 5%, jitter = 60ms, gutinda = 400m), impuzandengo ya MOS <3.0.
Rate Igipimo cya kodegisi: G.711, igipimo cya kodegisi = 64kbit / s. Kuri G.729a, igipimo cya code gisabwa ni <18kbit / s. Kuri G.723.1, igipimo cya code ya G.723.1 (5.3) ni <18kbit / s, naho igipimo cya G.723.1 (6.3) ni <15kbit / s.
Index Gutinda kurutonde (gutinda gusubira inyuma): Gutinda kwa VoIP birimo gutinda kwa codec, gutinda kwinjiza gutinda kwakirwa, no gutinda kumurongo imbere. Iyo kodegisi ya G.729a ikoreshwa, gutinda gusubira inyuma ni <150ms. Iyo kodegisi ya G.723.1 ikoreshwa, gutinda gusubira inyuma ni <200ms.
3．Ubucuruzi bwa CATV
Kubikorwa bya CATV bisa, EPON irashobora kandi gutwarwa kimwe na GPON: ongeraho uburebure bwumuraba (mubyukuri ubu ni tekinoroji ya WDM kandi ntaho ihuriye na EPON na GPON ubwayo).
PON tekinoroji ninzira nziza yo kugera kuri FTTx mugari mugari. EPON nubuhanga bushya bwa optique bwo guhuza imiyoboro yakozwe muguhuza tekinoroji ya Ethernet nubuhanga bwa PON. Irashobora gukoreshwa mu kohereza amajwi, amakuru na serivisi za videwo kandi birahuye. Kuri serivisi zimwe na zimwe mugihe kizaza, EPON izahinduka tekinoroji yiganjemo serivise yuzuye ya Broadband optique hamwe nibyiza byayo byuzuye nkumuyoboro mwinshi, gukora neza, no kwaguka byoroshye.
Gahunda yo kurinda sisitemu ya PON
Kugirango tunoze imiyoboro yizewe no kurokoka, uburyo bwo guhinduranya fibre burashobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu ya PON. Uburyo bwiza bwo guhinduranya fibre optique irashobora gukorwa muburyo bubiri: switch guhinduranya byikora, biterwa no gutahura amakosa; Guhindura ku gahato, bikururwa nibikorwa byubuyobozi.
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo kurinda fibre: kurinda fibre fibre redundancy,OLTKurinda icyambu cya PON, no kurinda byuzuye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1.16.
Kurinda umugongo fibre kurengera (Igicapo 1.16 (a)): ukoresheje icyambu kimwe cya PON cyubatswe muri optique ya 1´2hinduraKuriOLTIcyambu cya PON; ukoresheje 2: N optique itandukanya; iOLTgutahura umurongo imiterere; Nta bisabwa bidasanzwe kuriONU.
OLTKurinda icyambu cya PON (Igicapo 1.16 (b)): Icyambu cya PON gihagaze kiri mu mbeho ikonje, ukoresheje 2: N optique itandukanya; iOLTKugaragaza umurongo Imiterere, na Guhindura bikorwa naOLT, nta bisabwa bidasanzwe kuriONU.
Kurinda byuzuye (Igicapo 1.16 (c)): ibyambu nyamukuru na backup PON biri mubikorwa; bibiri 2: N optique itandukanya ikoreshwa; optiquehinduraYubatswe imbere yaONUIcyambu cya PON, naONUgutahura umurongo imiterere no kugena imikoreshereze nyamukuru Imirongo no guhinduranya bikorwa naONU.
Uburyo bwo guhinduranya uburyo bwo kurinda sisitemu ya PON burashobora gushyigikira kugaruka byikora cyangwa kugarura intoki za serivisi zirinzwe. Kuburyo bwo kugaruka byikora, nyuma yo gukuraho kunanirwa guhinduranya, nyuma yigihe runaka cyo gutegereza, serivisi irinzwe igomba guhita isubira munzira yambere yakazi. Igihe cyo gutegereza kirashobora gushirwaho.