Incamake nibisubizo kubibazo bisanzwe byamakosa muri fibre optique
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa fibre transceivers, ariko uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakosa ni bumwe. Mu ncamake, amakosa agaragara muri fibre transceiver ni aya akurikira:
1.Umucyo w'amashanyarazi urazimye, kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi;
2.Urumuri ruhuza ntirumurika. Ikosa rishobora kuba gutya:
a. Reba niba umurongo wa fibre ufunguye
b. Reba niba umurongo wa fibre ari munini cyane kandi urenze urwego rwakira ibikoresho.
c. Reba neza ko fibre interineti ihujwe neza. TX yaho ihujwe na RX ya kure, naho TX ya kure ihujwe na RX yaho.
d. Reba niba umuhuza wa fibre winjijwe neza mubikoresho byibikoresho, niba ubwoko bwasimbutse buhuye nigikoresho cyibikoresho, niba ubwoko bwibikoresho buhuye na fibre, kandi niba uburebure bwibikoresho bujyanye nintera.
3.Umucyo uhuza urumuri ntirucanwa. Ikosa rishobora kuba gutya:
a. Reba niba umuyoboro wa rezo ufunguye;
b. Reba niba ubwoko bwihuza buhuye: ibikoresho nkamakarita y'urusobe naRouterskoresha insinga zambukiranya,Guhindura, hubs, nibindi, ukoresheje imirongo igororotse;
c. Reba niba igipimo cyo kohereza ibikoresho gihuye;
4.Igihombo cya paki y'urusobe kirakomeye, kandi amakosa arashobora kuba gutya:
a. Icyambu cyamashanyarazi ya transceiver ihujwe nigikoresho cyurusobe, cyangwa uburyo bwa duplex bwimiterere yibikoresho byombi ntabwo bihuye.
b. Guhinduranya hamwe na RJ-45 umutwe bafite ibibazo, reba
c. Ikibazo cyo guhuza fibre, niba usimbuka ahujwe nigikoresho cyibikoresho, niba ingurube ihuye nuwasimbutse nubwoko bwa coupler.
5.Imiterere ya fibre ntishobora kuvugana nyuma yimpande zombi zahujwe.
a. Fibre irahindurwa, fibre ihujwe na TX na RX irahindurwa.
b. Imigaragarire ya RJ45 ntabwo ihujwe neza nigikoresho cyo hanze (andika neza neza unyuze hejuru)
Imigaragarire ya fibre (ceramic ferrule) ntabwo ihuye. Iri kosa rigaragarira cyane cyane muri 100M transceiver hamwe na foto ya elegitoroniki yo kugenzura. Niba ingurube ya ferrule ya APC ihujwe na transceiver ya ferrule ya PC, ntishobora kuvugana bisanzwe. Transceiver ya fotoelektrike itumanaho nta ngaruka igira.
6.Igihe cyo guca igihe
a. Birashobora kuba byinshi cyane byinzira nziza. Muri iki gihe, imbaraga za optique zo kwakira impera zishobora gupimwa na metero ya optique. Niba ari hafi yo kwakira ibyiyumvo, birashobora gufatwa nkuburyo bwo kunanirwa inzira muburyo bwa 1-2dB.
b. Uwitekahinduraihujwe na transceiver irashobora kuba ifite amakosa. Muri uru rubanza ,.hinduraisimburwa na PC, ni ukuvuga, transcevers zombi zahujwe na PC, kandi impera zombi zahujwe na PING. Nibahindurabirananirana ,.hinduraBirashobora kuba byiyemeje kuba amakosa yahindura.
c. Birashobora kunanirwa kurenga. Muri iki kibazo, huza transceiver kuri PC kumpera zombi (bitanyuze murihindura). Nyuma yimpera zombi ntakibazo na PING, ohereza dosiye nini (100M) kuva kuruhande rumwe kugeza kurundi, hanyuma urebe umuvuduko wacyo. Niba umuvuduko utinda cyane (dosiye ziri munsi ya 200M zoherejwe muminota irenga 15), transceiver irashobora gufatwa nkikosa.
d. Nyuma yigihe cyitumanaho, mudasobwa irahanuka, ni ukuvuga, ntishobora kuvugana, kandi isubira mubisanzwe nyuma yo gutangira.
Iyi phenomenon iterwa nahindura. Uwitekahinduraikora CRC ikosa ryerekana nuburebure kugenzura amakuru yose yakiriwe. Igenzura ko paki ifite ikosa izajugunywa hanyuma paki iboneye ikoherezwa.Nyamara, paki zimwe zifite amakosa muriki gikorwa ntizigaragara mugushakisha amakosa ya CRC no kugenzura uburebure. Ibipaki nkibi ntibizoherezwa mugihe cyo kohereza kandi ntibizajugunywa. Bizakusanyirizwa muri cache dinamike. (buffer), ntishobora na rimwe koherezwa hanze, tegereza kugeza buffer yuzuye, bizaterahinduraguhanuka.Kubera ko wongeye gutangira transceiver cyangwa gutangirahinduramuriki gihe gishobora kugarura itumanaho mubisanzwe, uyikoresha mubisanzwe atekereza ko ari ikibazo na transceiver.
7.Uburyo bwo gukora ibizamini
Niba ubona ko hari ikibazo kijyanye na transceiver ihuza, nyamuneka gerageza gutya kugirango umenye icyateye gutsindwa.
a. Ikizamini cyegereje:
Impera zombi za mudasobwa kuri PING, niba ubishoboye PING通, hanyuma werekane ko fibre transceiver ntakibazo. Niba ikizamini cyegereje-kidashobora kuvugana, birashobora kwemezwa ko optique ya transceiver ifite amakosa.
b. Kwipimisha kure:
Niba mudasobwa kumpande zombi idahujwe na PING, niba PING itagerwaho, igomba kugenzura niba guhuza inzira ya optique ari ibisanzwe kandi niba imbaraga zo kohereza no kwakira imbaraga za optique ya transitiver iri murwego rwemewe. Niba PING yararenganye, irerekana ko inzira optique ihujwe mubisanzwe. Urashobora kumenya ko ikibazo kiri kurihindura.
c. Ikizamini cya kure kugirango umenye ingingo yo gutsindwa:
Banza uhuze impera imwe kurihindura, na Byombi Kuri PING. Niba nta makosa, birashobora gufatwa nkuwatsinzwe nundihindura.
Ibibazo bisanzwe bikemurwa nibibazo nibisubizo
Ukurikije ibibazo bya buri munsi nibibazo byabakoresha, byavuzwe muri make kandi bisobanurwa mubibazo nibisubizo, twizeye kuzana ubufasha kubakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga, kumenya icyabiteye ukurikije ikibazo cyamakosa, gushaka aho amakosa ari, "imiti ikwiye . ”
1.Q: Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ihuza bukoreshwa mugihe icyambu cya RJ45 gihujwe nibindi bikoresho?
Igisubizo: Icyambu cya RJ45 cya transceiver gihujwe namakarita ya PC ya PC (ibikoresho bya terefone ya DTE) ukoresheje amakimbirane agoretse, hamwe na HUB cyangwaSWITCH(DCE ibikoresho byitumanaho ryamakuru) ikoresha parallel igoretse.
2.Q: Niyihe mpamvu ituma urumuri rwa TxLink rutacanwa?
Igisubizo: (1) Byombi bigoretse byahujwe;
(2). Umutwe uhindagurika wa kristu umutwe ufite imikoranire idahwitse nibikoresho, cyangwa ubuziranenge bwibintu byombi;
(3). Ibikoresho ntabwo bihujwe neza.
3.Q: Niyihe mpamvu ituma itara rya TxLink ridacana ariko rihora kuri fibre ihujwe neza?
Igisubizo: 1.Ikosa muri rusange riterwa nintera yoherejwe ari ndende cyane.
2. Ikibazo cyo guhuza ikarita yumuyoboro (ihujwe na PC).
4.Q: Niyihe mpamvu ituma urumuri rwa FxLink rutacanwa?
Umugozi wa fibre optique uhujwe nabi, kandi uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ni TX-RX, RX-TX, cyangwa uburyo bwa fibre nibeshya;
Intera yoherejwe ni ndende cyane cyangwa igihombo kiri hagati ni kinini cyane, kirenze igihombo cyizina cyibicuruzwa. Igisubizo nugufata ingamba zo kugabanya igihombo kiri hagati cyangwa kugisimbuza transceiver hamwe nintera ndende.
Ubushyuhe bwo gukora bwa fibre optique ni hejuru cyane.
5.Q: Niyihe mpamvu ituma urumuri rwa FxLink rutamurika ariko urumuri ruhora rwaka nyuma ya fibre ihujwe neza?
Igisubizo: Muri rusange ikosa riterwa nintera yo kohereza ari ndende cyane cyangwa igihombo kiri hagati ni kinini cyane, kirenze igihombo cyibicuruzwa. Igisubizo nukugabanya igihombo hagati cyangwa kugisimbuza transceiver hamwe nintera ndende.
6.Q: Nakora iki niba amatara atanu yose yaka cyangwa ibipimo nibisanzwe ariko ntibimurwe?
Igisubizo: Mubisanzwe, ingufu zirazimya kandi ziratangira.
7.Q: Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwa transceiver ni ubuhe?
Igisubizo: Fibre optique module yibasiwe cyane nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Nubwo ifite ibyubatswe byikora byunguka byizunguruka, nyuma yubushyuhe burenze urwego runaka, imbaraga za optique ya module optique iragabanuka kandi ikagabanuka, ibyo bigabanya ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso bya optique kandi bigatera gutakaza paki. Igipimo kizamuka ndetse gihagarika optique ihuza; (bisanzwe fibre optique modules irashobora gukora kubushyuhe bugera kuri 70° C).
8.Q: Ni ubuhe buryo buhuye na protocole y'ibikoresho byo hanze?
Igisubizo: Nka 10 / 100Mhindura, 10 / 100M optique ya transceiver ifite imipaka runaka kuburebure bwikadiri, mubisanzwe ntabwo irenze 1522B cyangwa 1536B. Iyohinduraihujwe ku biro bikuru ishyigikira protocole zimwe na zimwe (nka ISL ya Cisco) Ipaki iri hejuru yongerewe (igiciro cya ISL ipaki ya Cisco ni 30 Bytes), irenga imipaka yo hejuru yuburebure bwa fibre transceiver kandi ikajugunywa. Ibi byerekana ko igipimo cyo gutakaza paki kiri hejuru cyangwa ntabwo. Muri iki kibazo, MTU yigikoresho cya terefone igomba guhinduka. Igice kinini cyohereza, hejuru yububiko bwa IP rusange ni 18 bytes, naho MTU ni 1500 byayite.Ubu abakora ibikoresho byitumanaho ryo murwego rwohejuru bafite protocole y'imbere, mubisanzwe bafata paki itandukanye, izamura imitwe ya IP. Niba amakuru ari 1500 bytes, ingano yipaki ya IP izaba irenga 18 nyuma yuko ipaki ya IP itaye. Ingano yipaki yujuje imipaka yumurongo wibikoresho kumurongo. Ipaki ya 1522 byte yongewe kumurongo wa VLAN.
9.Q: Chassis imaze gukora bisanzwe mugihe gito, kuki ari ukubera ko amakarita amwe adakora neza?
Igisubizo: Amashanyarazi ya chassis yo hambere akoresha uburyo bwa relay. Amashanyarazi adahagije hamwe no gutakaza umurongo munini nibibazo bikomeye.
Nyuma ya chassis ikora mubisanzwe mugihe runaka, amakarita amwe ntashobora gukora neza. Iyo amakarita amwe akuweho, amakarita asigaye akora bisanzwe. Nyuma yimikorere yigihe kirekire ya chassis, okiside ihuza itera igihombo kinini. Aya mashanyarazi arenze amabwiriza. Urwego rusabwa rushobora gutuma ikarita ya chassis idasanzwe. Guhindura amashanyarazi ya chassis birinzwe na diode ifite ingufu nyinshi Schottky diode kugirango itezimbere imiterere ihuza kandi igabanye kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi yatewe numuzunguruko hamwe nu muhuza. Muri icyo gihe, kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi byiyongera, ibyo bigatuma amashanyarazi asubira inyuma yoroha kandi afite umutekano, kandi bigatuma arushaho kuba mwiza kubikorwa by'igihe kirekire bidahagarara.
10.Q: Ni ubuhe butumwa bwo gutabaza guhuza butangwa kuri transceiver?
Igisubizo: Transceiver ifite ibikorwa byo gutabaza (guhuza). Iyo fibre runaka yamanuwe, izahita igaruka ku cyambu cy'amashanyarazi (ni ukuvuga, icyerekezo ku cyambu cy'amashanyarazi nacyo kizimya) .Niba.hinduraifite imiyoboro yo gucunga imiyoboro, ihita yerekana imiyoboro yo gucunga imiyoboro yahindura.