Igitekerezo cyibanze cyitumanaho rya fibre optique.
Fibre optique ni dielectric optique waveguide, imiterere yumurongo uhagarika urumuri kandi ikwirakwiza urumuri muburyo bwa axial.
Fibre nziza cyane ikozwe mubirahuri bya quartz, resinike ya sintetike, nibindi
Ubwoko bumwe bwa fibre: intangiriro 8-10um, yambaye 125um
Fibre fibre: intoki 51um, yambaye 125um
Uburyo bwitumanaho bwo kohereza ibimenyetso bya optique ukoresheje fibre optique bita itumanaho rya optique.
Imiraba yoroheje iri mubyiciro bya electromagnetic waves.
Uburebure bwumurongo wumucyo ugaragara ni 390-760 nm, igice kinini kirenga 760 nm ni urumuri rwinshi, naho igice kiri munsi ya 390 nm ni urumuri ultraviolet.
Idirishya rikora urumuri (Windows eshatu zitumanaho):
Ikirere cyumurongo ukoreshwa mugutumanaho kwa fibre-optique kiri mukarere kegereye-infragre
Agace kagufi-k'umurambararo (urumuri rugaragara, ni urumuri rwa orange nijisho ryonyine) 850nm itara rya orange
Agace karekare karekare (akarere katagaragara k'umucyo) 1310 nm (theoretical minimum dispersion point), 1550 nm (theoretical minimum attenuation point)
Imiterere ya fibre no gutondekanya
1.Imiterere ya fibre
Imiterere ya fibre nziza: intangiriro, kwambara, gutwikira, ikoti.
Intangiriro no kwambara bikozwe mubintu bya quartz, kandi imiterere yubukanishi iroroshye kandi yoroshye kumeneka. Kubwibyo, ibice bibiri byo gutwikira, ubwoko bumwe bwa resin hamwe nigice kimwe cyubwoko bwa nylon byongeweho muri rusange, kuburyo imikorere yoroheje ya fibre igera kubisabwa mubikorwa byumushinga.
2.Gushyiramo fibre optique
.
Dufate ko intangiriro ifite indangantego ya n1 naho indinganizo yambarwa ni n2.
Kugirango ushoboze gukora intandaro yo kohereza urumuri intera ndende, ibyangombwa nkenerwa mukubaka fibre optique ni n1> n2
Gukwirakwiza indangagaciro yo gukwirakwiza fibre imwe ihoraho
Amategeko yo gukwirakwiza indangagaciro ya fibre idahuje:
Muri byo, △ - ugereranije itandukaniro ryerekana itandukaniro
Α - indangantego yo kwanga, α = ∞ - intambwe yo kugabanuka kwingingo yo kugabura fibre, α = 2 - kwaduka-kwaduka kwangirika kwagabanijwe (fibre grade). Iyi fibre igereranwa nizindi fibre yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Mode ikwirakwiza byibuze byiza.
:
Igishushanyo hano kivuga ikwirakwizwa rya electromagnetic yumucyo woherejwe muri fibre optique. Gutandukanya imirima itandukanye nuburyo butandukanye.
Uburyo bumwe (uburyo bumwe gusa bwoherezwa muri fibre), multimode (uburyo bwinshi bwoherezwa icyarimwe muri fibre)
Kugeza ubu, kubera ibisabwa byiyongera ku kigero cyo kwanduza no kwiyongera kw’itumanaho, umuyoboro w’akarere ka metropolitani uratera imbere mu cyerekezo cyihuta n’ubushobozi bunini, bityo inyinshi muri zo zikaba ari fibre imwe imwe. (Ikwirakwizwa ryiranga ubwaryo ni ryiza kuruta fibre fibre)
(2) Ibiranga fibre optique:
① Gutakaza ibiranga fibre optique: Imiraba yumucyo yandurira muri fibre optique, kandi imbaraga za optique zigabanuka buhoro buhoro uko intera yoherejwe yiyongera.
Impamvu zitera gutakaza fibre zirimo: gutakaza guhuza, gutakaza kwinjiza, gutakaza, no gutakaza imirasire.
Gutakaza igihombo nigihombo cyatewe no guhuza fibre nigikoresho.
Igihombo cya Absorption giterwa no kwinjiza ingufu zumucyo nibikoresho bya fibre.
Igihombo cyo gutatanya kigabanijwemo Rayleigh gutatanya (indangagaciro zidahwitse zidahuye) hamwe no gukwirakwiza umuyaga (kutaringaniza ibintu).
Gutakaza imirasire igoramye nigihombo giterwa no kugoreka kwa fibre iganisha kumirasire iterwa no kugoreka kwa fibre.
Ibiranga itandukaniro rya fibre optique: Ibice bitandukanye byinshyi mubimenyetso byoherejwe na fibre optique bifite umuvuduko utandukanye wo kwanduza, kandi ibintu bifatika byo kugoreka biterwa no kwangirika kwimitsi iyo bigeze kuri terminal byitwa dispersion.
Ikwirakwizwa rigabanyijemo uburyo bwo gutatanya ibintu, gutatanya ibintu, no gukwirakwiza umurongo.
Ibice shingiro bya sisitemu yo gutumanaho ya fibre optique
Kohereza igice:
Impanuka ya modulasi yerekana ibisohoka byumuyagankuba (itumanaho ryamashanyarazi) yoherejwe kuri optique yoherejwe (ikimenyetso cyoherejwe na gahunda iyobowe na porogaramuhindurani itunganywa, imiterere yumurongo irahinduka, ihindagurika ryikigereranyo rihindurwa… mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi bikwiye kandi byoherejwe kuri optique ya optique)
Uruhare rwibanze rwa transmitter optique ni uguhindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mubimenyetso bya optique bihujwe na fibre.
Kwakira igice:
Guhindura ibimenyetso bya optique byanyujijwe muri fibre optique mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi
Gutunganya ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi bisubizwa mubimenyetso byumwimerere byahinduwe kandi byoherejwe kumashanyarazi (ikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi cyoherejwe na optique yakira gitunganijwe, imiterere yumuraba irahinduka, ihindagurika ryikigereranyo irahindurwa signal ikimenyetso gikwiye cyamashanyarazi ni Yoherejwe Kuri Porogaramuhindura)
Igice cyo kohereza:
Fibre-moderi imwe, gusubiramo optique (gusubiramo amashanyarazi asubiramo (optique-amashanyarazi-optique ihinduranya amplification, gutinda kwihererekanya bizaba binini, impiswi ifata ibyemezo bizakoreshwa muguhindura umurongo, hamwe nigihe), erbium-dope fibre Amplifier (irangiza amplification kurwego rwa optique, nta shusho ya flake)
. Igizwe nisoko yumucyo, umushoferi na modulator. Igikorwa ni uguhindura urumuri ruva mumashini yumuriro ukageza kumurongo wumucyo utangwa nisoko yumucyo kugirango ube umuhengeri ucuramye, hanyuma ugahuza ibimenyetso byahinduwe bya optique kuri fibre optique cyangwa insinga ya optique yo kohereza.
. Icyitegererezo cyingirakamaro kigizwe numucyo utanga urumuri hamwe na optique ya optique, kandi umurimo ni uguhindura ibimenyetso bya optique byoherejwe na fibre optique cyangwa umugozi wa optique mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi na optique ya optique, hanyuma bikongerera ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi intege nke kuri urwego ruhagije binyuze mumuzunguruko woherejwe kubimenyetso. Impera yakira imashini yamashanyarazi iragenda.
(3) Fibre / Cable: Fibre cyangwa umugozi bigize inzira yo kohereza urumuri. Igikorwa ni ugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso byacuzwe byoherejwe nuhererekanyabubasha kugeza kuri optique ya optique ya optique ya nyuma yo kohereza intera ndende binyuze muri fibre optique cyangwa umugozi wa optique kugirango urangize umurimo wo kohereza amakuru.
. Hano hari imirimo ibiri: imwe ni iyo kwishyura indishyi zerekana ibimenyetso bya optique byoherejwe muri fibre optique; ikindi ni ugukora impiswi yo kugoreka imiyoboro.
. uburebure bwa fibre nabwo bugarukira (urugero 2km). Kubwibyo, hashobora kubaho ikibazo cyuko ubwinshi bwa fibre optique ihujwe kumurongo umwe wa fibre optique. Kubwibyo, ihuriro hagati ya fibre optique, guhuza no guhuza fibre optique hamwe na optique ya optique, hamwe no gukoresha ibice bya pasiporo nka optique ihuza optique na coupler ni ngombwa.
Ubusumbane bwitumanaho rya fibre optique
Umuyoboro mugari, ubushobozi bwitumanaho
Igihombo gito cyohereza hamwe nintera nini ya relay
Kwivanga gukomeye kurwanya anti-electromagnetic
.
Ugereranije numuyoboro wa coaxial: ibimenyetso bya optique ni binini kuruta insinga ya coaxial kandi ifite ibanga ryiza)
Inshuro yumucyo mwinshi ni mwinshi cyane, ugereranije nizindi mashanyarazi ya electronique, interineti ni nto.
Ingaruka z'umugozi wa optique: imiterere mibi yubukanishi, byoroshye kumeneka, (kunoza imikorere yubukanishi, bizagira ingaruka kumurwanya wo kwivanga), bifata igihe kinini cyo kubaka, kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yimiterere.