Umuyoboro gakondo wa terefone wohereza amajwi ukoresheje guhanahana amakuru, kandi umurongo mugari usabwa ni 64 k bit / s. Ibyo bita VoIP bishingiye kumurongo wa IP packet yo guhinduranya nkurubuga rwohereza, Ikimenyetso cyijwi ryikigereranyo kirahagarikwa, gipakirwa hamwe nuruhererekane rwihariye rwo gutunganya, kugirango rushobore gukoresha ihuza-ridafite UDP protocole yo kohereza.
Ibintu byinshi nibikorwa birasabwa kohereza ibimenyetso byijwi kumurongo wa IP. Uburyo bworoshye bwurusobe rugizwe nibikoresho bibiri cyangwa byinshi bifite ubushobozi bwa VoIP bihujwe binyuze mumurongo wa IP.
1 、 Ijwi-ku-makuru conversion
Ikimenyetso cyijwi nikigereranyo cyerekana, binyuze muburyo bwa IP bwo kohereza amajwi, Byaba ari igihe nyacyo cyo gusaba cyangwa igihe kitari igihe.Icyambere, ikimenyetso cyo kuvuga kigomba guhindurwamo amakuru asa, ni ukuvuga ibimenyetso byerekana imvugo bigomba kubarwa na 8 cyangwa 6 bits, hanyuma woherezwe mububiko bwa buffer, ingano ya buffer irashobora gutoranywa ukurikijekubitinda no kwandika ibisabwa. Kode ntoya ya buke ya koderi ishingiye kumurongo wanditse.
Ubusanzwe ikadiri ifite uburebure buri hagati ya 10 na 30m. Urebye ikiguzi mugihe cyo kohereza, paki ya interspeech mubusanzwe igizwe na 60, 120 cyangwa 240m yamakuru yijwi.Digitisation irashobora kugerwahoukoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvuga imvugo, igikuru ni ITU-T G.711. Ijwi rya kodegisi yijwi ryerekanwe rigomba gushyira mubikorwa algorithm imwe kugirango igikoresho cyo kuvuga aho kigana gishobora kugarura ibimenyetso bisa.
2, amakuru yumwimerere kuri tahindura IP
Ikimenyetso cyo kuvugaal ni kodegisi ya digitale, intambwe ikurikira ni ugusunika no gushiraho paki yamagambo hamwe nuburebure bwihariye. Byinshi muri kodegisi bifite uburebure bwihariye. Niba kodegisi ikoresha ikadiri ya 15ms, pake ya 60ms kuva iyambere igabanijwemo ibice bine kandi ikabikwa neza. Buri cyiciro gifite imvugo 120 yerekana urugero (icyitegererezo cya 8 kHz). Nyuma yo gushishoza, ibice bine byafunzwe bikomatanyirizwa mumapaki yijambo rifunguye kandi byoherejwe murusobekerane. Urusobekerane rwurusobe rwongeramo imitwe yimitwe, ingengabihe, nandi makuru kumajwi hanyuma ikohereza hejuru y'urusobekerane kurundi ruhande.
Umuyoboro wijwi ushyiraho gusa isano ifatika (umurongo) hagati yitumanahos kandi ikohereza ibimenyetso byashyizweho hagati yimpera. Bitandukanye numuyoboro wahinduwe, imiyoboro ya IP ntabwo ikora ihuza; Ahubwo, basaba amakuru gushyirwa mubishushanyo mbonera-bishushanyo mbonera cyangwa paki, buri kimwekimwekimwe kikaba coherejwe kumurongo hamwe na aderesi hamwe no kugenzura amakuru hanyuma bikoherezwa kuva kuri sitasiyo kugera kuri sitasiyo.
3. Kwimura
Muri uyu muyoboro, umuyoboro wose ugaragara nkuwakira paki yijwi ryinjiye hanyuma ukayigeza kumurongo usohoka mugihe runaka (t). t irashobora gutandukana mubice byose byuzuye, byerekana jitter mugukwirakwiza imiyoboro.
Urungano rwurusobe rusuzuma amakuru aderesi yometse kuri buri paki ya IP hanyuma ukoreshe aya makuru kugirango wohereze igishushanyo kuri sitasiyo ikurikira kumuhanda ugana. UrushunduraIhuza ryakazi rirashobora kuba topologiya cyangwa uburyo bwo kubona amakuru ashyigikira amakuru ya IP.
4 pack IP pack- datGuhinduka
Icyerekezo VoIP igikoresho cyakira aya makuru ya IP igatangira gutunganywa. Urwego rwurusobe rutanga impinduka ndende ikoreshwa mugutunganya jitter yakozwe numuyoboro. Buffer irashoborayakira amajwi menshi, kandi abakoresha barashobora guhitamo ingano ya buffer. Buffer ntoya itanga ubukererwe buto ariko ntishobora kugenga jitter nini. Icya kabiri, decoder ikuramo kodegisi yimvugo kugirango itange imvugo nshya. Iyi module irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kumurongo, ikaba ifite uburebure buringaniye na decoder.
Niba uburebure bwikadiri ari 15ms, 60ms yamapaki yamagambo agabanijwemo ibice 4, hanyuma bigashyirwa kumurongo wa 60m yamakuru yamakuru hanyuma byoherezwa muri buffer ya decoding.Mu gihe cya proguhagarika igishushanyo, amakuru yo kugenzura no kugenzura amakuru akurwaho, kandi amakuru yambere yibanze arabikwa, hanyuma agahabwa decoder.
5 Guhindura amajwi ya DigitalSion Kuri Ijwi
Umushoferi wa playback asohora ingingo zicyitegererezo (480) muri buffer hanyuma akabohereza ku ikarita yijwi, akanabinyuza kuri disikuru kuri radiyo yagenwe mbere (urugero, 8kHz). Muri make, ihererekanyamakuru ryibimenyetso byijwi kurubuga rwa IP rinyura muguhindura kuva mubimenyetso bisa nkibimenyetso bya digitale, encapsulation yijwi rya digitale mumapaki ya IP, ihererekanyabubasha rya IP binyuze murusobe, gupakurura paki ya IP, no kugarura ijwi rya digitale kubimenyetso bisa.
IJWI nimwe mubucuruzi bwacu burimoONUurukurikirane rwibicuruzwa byurusobe, nibicuruzwa byurusobe bishyushye byikigo cyacu bikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwaONUibicuruzwa bikurikirana, harimo ACONU/ itumanahoONU/ umunyabwengeONU/ agasandukuONU/ ibyambu bibiriONU, n'ibindiONUIbicuruzwa byuruhererekane birashobora gukoreshwa kumurongo usabwa muburyo butandukanye. Murakaza neza kugira ubumenyi bwimbitse kubicuruzwa.
