Bitewe niterambere ryinshi hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga mubikoresho bijyanye, software, protocole hamwe nibipimo, gukoresha cyane VoIP bizahita biba impamo. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'iterambere muri utwo turere byagize uruhare mu gushiraho urusobe rukora neza, rukora, kandi rushobora gukorana. Ibintu bya tekiniki biteza imbere iterambere ryihuse ndetse nogukoresha kwinshi kwa VoIP birashobora gukusanyirizwa mubice bikurikira.
1 、 Ikimenyetso cya Digital
Iterambere ryambere rya Digital Signal processor (DSPS) ikora imirimo yibikorwa isabwa muburyo bwo guhuza amajwi no guhuza amakuru.DSP itunganya ibimenyetso bya digitale ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora imibare igoye ishobora kuba igomba gukorwa na rusange-intego rusange ya CPU. Imbaraga zabo zidasanzwe zo gutunganya hamwe nigiciro gito bituma DSPS ikwiranye no gukora ibimenyetso byo gutunganya ibimenyetso muri sisitemu ya VoIP
Kubara hejuru ya G.729 kwikuramo imvugo kumurongo umwe wijwi mubisanzwe ni binini, bisaba 20MIPS. Niba CPU yo hagati isabwa gutunganya amajwi menshi, gukora inzira na sisitemu yo kuyobora icyarimwe, ntibishoboka. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa rya DSPS imwe cyangwa nyinshi irashobora gukuramo imirimo yo kubara yimikorere igoye yo guhuza algorithm muri yo kuva muri CPU yo hagati. Byongeye kandi, DSPS nayo ikwiranye nibikorwa byo gutahura amajwi hamwe nibikorwa byo guhagarika echo, kugirango bashobore gutunganya amakuru yijwi gutembera mugihe nyacyo kandi ufite uburyo bwihuse kububiko bwibibaho .Noneho, Muri iki gice, uburyo bwo gushyira mubikorwa imvugo ya coding no guhagarika echo kurubuga rwa TMS320C6201DSP yatangijwe muburyo burambuye.
Porotokole hamwe na software hamwe nibikoresho bisanzwe H.323 Uburemere buringaniye bwo gutonda umurongo uburyo bwa DSP MPLS label ihinduranya uburemere bwihuse bwo gutahura hakiri kare Kumenyekanisha ASIC RTP, RTCP Double Funnel Universal Cell igipimo cya algorithm DWDM RSVP yagereranije kwinjira Igipimo cya SONET Diffserv, CAR Cisco Yihuta Itezimbere CPU Itunganya imbaraga G.729 , G.729a.
2 、 Imiyoboro yihariye yihariye
Iterambere rya Porogaramu-yihariye Yuzuzanya (ASIC) yatanze umusaruro wihuse, urushijeho gukomera kandi ukora cyane ASIC. Asics ni progaramu yihariye ya chip ikora progaramu imwe cyangwa agace gato k'imirimo. Mugushimangira intego igufi yo gusaba, birashobora gutezimbere cyane kumurimo runaka kandi mubisanzwe ni kimwe cyangwa byinshi byerekana ubunini bwihuse Nkuko bigabanijwe amabwiriza Gushiraho mudasobwa (RSIC) chip yibanda mugukora umubare muto wibikorwa byihuse, ASICS byateguwe mbere gukora umubare muto wimirimo byihuse. Bimaze gutezwa imbere, umusaruro rusange wa ASIC ntabwo uhenze kandi ukoreshwa mubikoresho byurusobe harimoRoutersna switch, gukora inzira yo kugenzura imbonerahamwe, kugenzura imbere, guteranya no kugenzura, no gutonda umurongo. Gukoresha ASIC biha igikoresho imikorere ihanitse kandi igiciro gito. Batanga umurongo mugari hamwe na QoS nziza kumurongo, bityo bakagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere VoIP.
3 technology Ikoranabuhanga rya IP
Imiyoboro myinshi yohereza itumanaho ikoresha igihe cyo kugabana inshuro nyinshi, mugihe interineti igomba gukoresha imibare ikoreshwa hamwe nuburyo bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa. Ugereranije nibiri, ibyanyuma bifite igipimo kinini cyo gukoresha umutungo wurusobe, byoroshye kandi bifatika guhuza no gutumanaho, kandi birakwiriye cyane kuri serivisi zamakuru, nimwe mumpamvu zingenzi ziterambere ryihuse rya interineti. Nyamara, umuyoboro mugari wa IP itumanaho ushyira imbere ibisabwa bikomeye kuri QoS no gutinda kubiranga, bityo iterambere ryimibare myinshi ihindagurika ryuburebure bwa paki ihinduranya tekinoroji ryakuruye abantu. Kugeza ubu, usibye ibisekuru bishya bya IP protocole-ipv6, Task Force ya World Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) yatanze tekinoroji ya Multi-protocole Label Guhindura ikoranabuhanga (MPLS), ni ubwoko bwa tekinoroji ya label / label ishingiye kumurongo inzira, ishobora kunoza imikorere yinzira, kwagura urusobekerane rwimikorere, koroshya guhuzaRoutersna selile. Kunoza imikorere y'urusobe. MPLS ntishobora gukora gusa nka protocole yigenga yigenga, ariko kandi irashobora guhuzwa na protocole ihari. Ifasha imikorere itandukanye, imiyoborere nogukomeza ibikorwa byurusobe rwa IP, kandi itezimbere cyane QoS, guhuza no kwerekana ibimenyetso byitumanaho rya IP, kugera cyangwa kwegera urwego rwibarurishamibare rwimibare ihamye yuburebure bwa paki (ATM). Nibyoroshye, bikora neza, bihendutse kandi birakoreshwa kuruta ATM.
IETF ikora kandi muburyo bushya bwo gucunga paki muburyo bwo gukora QoS inzira. Ikoranabuhanga rya tunnel ririmo kwigwa kugirango tugere ku muyoboro mugari uhuza umurongo umwe. Mubyongeyeho, uburyo bwo guhitamo imiyoboro ya IP yohereza imiyoboro nayo ni urwego rwingenzi rwubushakashatsi mumyaka yashize, kandi IP hejuru ya ATM, IP hejuru ya SDH, IP hejuru ya DWDM nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga byagaragaye bikurikiranye.
IP layer itanga serivise nziza zo kubona IP hamwe na garanti zimwe na zimwe kubakoresha IP. Umukoresha urwego rutanga ifishi yo kwinjira (IP igerwaho na Broadband access) hamwe nuburyo bwa serivisi.Mu gice fatizo, Ethernet ni urwego rwumubiri rwurusobe rwa IP, ni ikibazo cyumvikana, ariko IP overDWDM nubuhanga bugezweho, kandi ifite byinshi ubushobozi bwiterambere.
Dense Wave Division MultipLexing (DWDM) yashizemo ubuzima bushya mumiyoboro ya fibre kandi itanga umurongo mugari utangaje mumasosiyete y'itumanaho mashya ya fibre backbone. Ikoranabuhanga rya DWDM rikoresha ubushobozi bwa fibre optique hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho byo kohereza. Izina ryigabanywa ryimyanya myinshi ikomoka mugukwirakwiza kwinshi kwumucyo wumucyo (LASER) uhereye kumurongo umwe wa fibre optique. Sisitemu zubu zirashobora kohereza no kumenya uburebure bwa 16, mugihe sisitemu izaza ishobora gushyigikira 40 kugeza 96 yuzuye. Ibi nibyingenzi kuberako buri burebure bwumurongo wongeyeho amakuru yinyongera. Umuyoboro wa 2.6 Gbit / s (OC-48) urashobora kwagurwa inshuro 16 utiriwe ushyira fibre nshya.
Imiyoboro myinshi ya fibre nshya ikoresha OC-192 kuri (9,6 Gbit / s), ikabyara ubushobozi burenga 150 Gbit / s kuri fibre iyo ihujwe na DWDM. Byongeye kandi, DWDM itanga protocole yimbere kandi yihuta biranga ubwigenge, muri fibre ishobora shyigikira ATM, SDH na Gigabit Ethernet yohereza icyarimwe icyarimwe, bityo irashobora guhuzwa numuyoboro utandukanye wubatswe ubu, DWDM rero ntishobora kurinda ibikorwa remezo bihari gusa, ariko kandi irashobora gutanga umuyoboro ukomeye wumugongo kuri ISP n'amasosiyete y'itumanaho hamwe numuyoboro munini. Kandi kora umurongo mugari uhendutse kandi woroshye, utanga inkunga ikomeye kubisabwa byumurongo wa VoIP ibisubizo.
Umuvuduko wogukwirakwiza ntushobora gutanga gusa umuyoboro mwinshi ufite amahirwe make yo guhagarika, ariko kandi bituma gutinda kugabanuka cyane, bityo rero birashobora kugabanya QoS ibisabwa kumurongo wa IP murwego runini.
4. Umuyoboro mugari wa tekinoroji
Abakoresha kubona imiyoboro ya IP byahindutse icyuho kibuza iterambere ryurusobe rwose. Mugihe kirekire, intego nyamukuru yo gukoresha abakoresha ni fibre-to-home (FTTH). Muri rusange, imiyoboro ya optique ikubiyemo sisitemu ya optique ya sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu hamwe na optique ya optique. Iyambere iri muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, ifatanije numunwa ufunguye V5.1 / V5.2, ikwirakwiza sisitemu ihuriweho na fibre optique, ikerekana imbaraga zikomeye. Aba nyuma bari mu Buyapani no mu Budage. Ubuyapani bwakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi mu myaka irenga icumi, kandi bufata ingamba zo kugabanya igiciro cy’imiyoboro ya optique ya pasiporo igera ku rwego rumwe n’insinga z'umuringa hamwe n’insinga zahinduwe, hamwe n’ikoreshwa ryinshi. Cyane cyane mumyaka yashize, ITU yatanze ATM ishingiye kuri Passive optique Network (APON), ihuza ibyiza bya ATM numuyoboro wa optique. Igipimo cyo kwinjira gishobora kugera kuri 622M bit / s, ifitiye akamaro kanini iterambere rya serivise zogukwirakwiza IP mugari wa IP, kandi irashobora kugabanya igipimo cyatsinzwe numubare wa node, kandi ikagura aho ikwirakwizwa. Kugeza ubu, ITU yarangije imirimo isanzwe, kandi abayikora batandukanye barayiteza imbere. Vuba aha hazaba ibicuruzwa kumasoko, kandi bizahinduka icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere cyogukoresha umurongo mugari uhura nikinyejana cya 21.
Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yingenzi yo kugera ni: PSTN, IADN, ADSL, CM, DDN, X.25, Ethernet na sisitemu yo gukoresha umurongo mugari. Izi tekinoroji zo kugera zifite imiterere yazo, muri zo iterambere ryihuta ni ADSL na CM; CM (Cable Modem) ifata umugozi wa coaxial ufite umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya interineti; ariko ntabwo ari inzira ebyiri zoherezwa, ntamahame ahuriweho.
ADSL (Asimmetrical Digital Loop) itanga uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha umurongo mugari, ikoresha byimazeyo umuyoboro wa terefone ihari, kandi itanga igipimo cyo kohereza. Igipimo cyo gukuramo kuruhande rwabakoresha gishobora kugera kuri 8 Mbit / s, naho igipimo cyo kohereza kuruhande rwabakoresha gishobora kugera kuri 1M bit / s. ADSL itanga umurongo mugari ukenewe kubucuruzi nabakoresha kugiti cyabo, kandi igabanya cyane ibiciro. Ukoresheje ibiciro bya ADSL bihendutse mukarere, ibigo birashobora noneho kubona interineti na serivise itanga serivise ishingiye kuri VPN kumuvuduko mwinshi, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo guhamagara VoIP burenze.
5. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya hagati
Ibice bitunganya hagati (cpus) bikomeje kugenda bihinduka mubikorwa, imbaraga, n'umuvuduko. Ibi bifasha multimediya PCS gukoreshwa cyane no kunoza imikorere yimikorere ya sisitemu igarukira ku mbaraga za CPU. Ubushobozi bwa PCS bwo gutunganya amakuru yerekana amajwi n'amashusho byateganijwe kuva kera kubakoresha, bityo gutanga amajwi hejuru y'urusobekerane rwamakuru byari intambwe ikurikira. Ubu bushobozi bwo kubara butuma porogaramu ya desktop ya multimediya yateye imbere hamwe nibintu byateye imbere mubice bigize urusobe kugirango ushyigikire amajwi.
IJWI ni iryacuONUurukurikirane rwibicuruzwa byurusobe mubucuruzi, nibicuruzwa byurusobe rushyushye rwibigo byacu bikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwaONUurukurikirane, harimo ACONU/ itumanahoONU/ umunyabwengeONU/ agasandukuONU/ icyambu cya PONONU, n'ibindi.
Ibyavuzwe haruguruONUIbicuruzwa byuruhererekane birashobora gukoreshwa kumurongo usabwa muburyo butandukanye. Murakaza neza kugira ubumenyi bwimbitse kubicuruzwa.
