Fibre optique ni fibre yoroheje ibonerana ikozwe mu kirahure cyangwa plastike, ikabyimbye gato kuruta umusatsi wabantu. Fibre optique nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza urumuri kumpande zombi, kandi bukoreshwa cyane mugutumanaho kwa fibre optique. Fibre optique ifite intera ndende kandi nini cyane kuruta insinga. Fibre optique isanzwe igizwe nuduce-tworoheje-twerekana indangagaciro yibanze hamwe nibikoresho byambaye neza. Fibre optique ikora nkumuyoboro wumucyo, utera urumuri rwose muri fibre.
Muri rusange, hari ubwoko bubiri bwa fibre optique: izishyigikira inzira nyinshi zo gukwirakwiza cyangwa uburyo bwo guhinduranya bwitwa fibre fibre (MMF), naho izishyigikira uburyo bumwe zitwa fibre imwe (SMF). Ariko ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yabo? Gusoma iyi ngingo bizagufasha kubona igisubizo.
1. Fibre yuburyo bumwe ni iki?
Mu itumanaho rya fibre optique, fibre imwe-imwe (SMF) ni fibre optique yohereza mu buryo butaziguye ibimenyetso bya optique muburyo bwuruhande. Fibre imwe yuburyo bumwe ikora ku gipimo cyamakuru 100M / s cyangwa 1 G / s, kandi intera yohereza irashobora kugera byibura kilometero 5. Mubisanzwe, fibre imwe-imwe ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso bya kure.
2. Fibre fibre ni iki?
Multimode fibre (MMF) ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutumanaho intera ngufi, nko mumazu cyangwa mumashuri. Umuvuduko usanzwe wohereza ni 100M / s, intera yoherejwe irashobora kugera kuri 2km (100BASE-FX), 1 G / s irashobora kugera kuri 1000m, 10 G / s irashobora kugera kuri 550m. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibipimo byerekana: indangagaciro yerekana amanota.
3. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yuburyo bumwe na fibre fibre?
1. Diameter yibanze
Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya multimode nuburyo bumwe bwa fibre ni uko iyambere ifite diameter nini, mubisanzwe diameter yibanze ya 50 cyangwa 62.5 µm, mugihe fibre isanzwe imwe-fibre ifite diameter yibanze ya 8 na 10 µm, paki ya byombi Ibipimo bya diametre byose ni 125µm.
2. Inkomoko yumucyo
Mubisanzwe laser na LED bikoreshwa nkisoko yumucyo. Inkomoko yumucyo ya Laser ihenze cyane kuruta urumuri rwa LED kuko urumuri rutanga rushobora kugenzurwa neza kandi rufite imbaraga nyinshi. Umucyo utangwa na LED yumucyo uratatanye cyane (uburyo bwinshi bwurumuri), kandi ayo masoko yumucyo akoreshwa cyane mubisimbuka bya fibre fibre. Muri icyo gihe, urumuri rwa laser (rutanga urumuri hafi yuburyo bumwe) rusanzwe rukoreshwa muburyo bumwe bwo gusimbuka fibre.
3. Umuyoboro mugari
Kuberako fibre ya multimode ifite ubunini bwibanze kuruta fibre yuburyo bumwe, ishyigikira uburyo bwinshi bwo kohereza. Mubyongeyeho, nka fibre nyinshi ya fibre, fibre imwe-imwe nayo irerekana ikwirakwizwa ryuburyo buterwa nuburyo butandukanye, ariko ikwirakwizwa ryuburyo bwa fibre imwe-ntiri munsi ya fibre nyinshi. Kubera izo mpamvu, fibre imwe-imwe ifite umurongo mugari kuruta fibre ya fibre.
4. Ibara ry'uruhu
Ibara rya jacketi rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa mu gutandukanya fibre fibre isimbuka na fibre fibre. Ukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe bya TIA-598C, kubisabwa bitari ibya gisirikare, fibre optique imwe imwe ikoresha ikoti ryumuhondo yo hanze, naho fibre optique yuburyo bwinshi ikoresha ikoti rya orange cyangwa aqua-icyatsi kibisi. Ukurikije ubwoko butandukanye, ababikora bamwe bakoresha ibara ry'umuyugubwe kugirango batandukanye fibre ikora cyane ya OM4 nubundi bwoko bwa fibre.
5. Gutatana muburyo
LED itanga urumuri rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa muri fibre ya multimode kugirango ikore urukurikirane rw'uburebure bukwirakwiza ku muvuduko utandukanye. Ibi bizavamo gutandukana-modal itandukanye, igabanya intera ikwirakwizwa yimikorere myinshi ya fibre isimbuka. Ibinyuranye, lazeri ikoreshwa mugutwara fibre yuburyo bumwe itanga uburebure bwumucyo umwe. Kubwibyo, modal ikwirakwiza ni nto cyane kuruta fibre fibre. Bitewe no gukwirakwiza modal, fibre ya multimode ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwaguka kurenza fibre imwe, igabanya ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru ya fibre fibre.
6. Igiciro
Kuri fibre ya multimode irashobora gushyigikira uburyo bwinshi bwa optique, igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru ya fibre imwe. Ariko kubijyanye nibikoresho, kubera ko fibre yuburyo bumwe isanzwe ikoresha lazeri ikomeye ya laser, ibikoresho bya fibre imwe imwe ihenze kuruta ibikoresho bya fibre fibre. Kubwibyo, ikiguzi cyo gukoresha fibre fibre ni gito cyane ugereranije nigiciro cyo gukoresha fibre imwe.
4. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa fibre igomba guhitamo?
Reba intera yoherejwe hamwe na bije rusange. Niba intera iri munsi y'ibirometero bike, fibre ya multimode izakora neza, kandi ikiguzi cya sisitemu yo kohereza (transmitter na reseptor) kizaba kuva kuri 3300 kugeza kuri 5300. Niba intera itwikiriye irenze kilometero 6-10, fibre imwe-imwe igomba guhitamo, ariko kubera igiciro cyiyongereye cya diode ya laser, igiciro cya sisitemu yo kohereza kizarenga 6700.