Opticalswitcheskazhinji inoshandiswa muEthernetswitcheszvinosanganisira SFP, GBIC, XFP, uye XENPAK.
Mazita avo echiRungu akazara:
SFP: Diki Form-factorPluggabletransceiver, diki fomu factor pluggable transceiver
GBIC: GigaBit InterfaceConverter, Gigabit Ethernet Interface Converter
XFP: 10-Gigabit dikiForm-factorPluggable transceiver 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface
Diki package pluggable transceiver
XENPAK: 10-Gigabit EtherNetTransceiverPAcKage 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface transceiver set package.
Iyo optical fiber connector
Iyo optical fiber yekubatanidza inoumbwa neoptical fiber uye plug kumagumo ese eiyo optical fiber, uye plug inoumbwa nepini uye peripheral yekuvhara chimiro. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana makiyi nzira, fiber optic yekubatanidza inogona kukamurwa kuita FC mhando, SC mhando, LC mhando, ST mhando uye KTRJ mhando.
FC yekubatanidza inotora tambo yekuvhara michina, ndeye yekuona fiber inotakurika yekubatanidza iyo yakagadzirwa kare uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
SC ijoint rectangular rakagadzirwa neNTT. Inogona kubatirwa zvakananga uye kuburitswa pasina screw connection. Kana ichienzaniswa neFC connector, ine kanzvimbo kekushandisa uye iri nyore kushandisa. Low-end Ethernet zvigadzirwa zvakajairika.
LC iMini-mhando SC yekubatanidza yakagadziriswa naLUCENT. Iyo ine saizi diki uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muhurongwa. Iyo igwara rekuvandudza kwefiber optic inoshanda zvibatanidza mune ramangwana. Low-end Ethernet zvigadzirwa zvakajairika.
Iyo ST yekubatanidza inogadzirwa neAT & T uye inoshandisa bayonet-mhando yekuvhara michina. Iwo makuru ma paramita akaenzana neFC neSC majoini, asi haawanzo kushandiswa mumakambani. Inowanzo shandiswa kune multimode madivayiri kuti abatanidze nevamwe vanogadzira Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kana docking.
Mapini eKTRJ mapurasitiki. Vanoiswa nesimbi pini. Sezvo huwandu hwenguva dzekubatana huchiwedzera, nzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzinopera, uye kugadzikana kwavo kwenguva refu hakuna kunaka senge ceramic pini yekubatanidza.
Fiber ruzivo
Optical faibha iconductor inoendesa chiedza masaisai. Optical fiber inogona kukamurwa kuita imwe-modhi faibha uye yakawanda-modhi faibha kubva kumaitiro ekutapurirana optical.
Mune imwe-modhi faibha, pane imwe chete yakakosha nzira yekutapurirana kwemaziso, ndiko kuti, mwenje unofambiswa chete nepakati pepakati pefiber. Nokuti iyo mode dispersion inodzivirirwa zvachose uye bhendi rekutumira ye-single-mode fiber yakakura, inokodzera kukurumidza-kumhanya uye kureba kwefiber kutaurirana.
Kune akawanda mamodhi ekufambisa kwemaziso mune multimode fiber. Nekuda kwekupararira kana kukanganisa, fiber iyi haina kuita zvakanaka kutapurirana, nhete frequency bhendi, diki rekutapurirana, uye chinhambwe chipfupi.
Optical faibha hunhu parameters
Chimiro che optical fiber chinodhonzwa ne prefabricated quartz fiber rods. Iyo yekunze dhayamita ye multimode fiber uye single mode fiber inoshandiswa pakutaurirana ndeye 125 μm.
Slim body yakakamurwa kuita nzvimbo mbiri: core uye cladding layer. Iyo yepakati dhayamita ye single-modhi fiber ndeye 8 ~ 10μm, uye iyo dhayamita yemultimode fiber ine maviri akajairwa zvirevo. Iwo musimboti madhayamita 62.5μm (American mwero) uye 50μm (European mwero).
Iyo interface fiber zvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa sezvizvi: 62.5μm / 125μm multimode fiber, apo 62.5μm inoreva dhayamita yepakati yefiber uye 125μm inoreva dhayamita rekunze refiber.
Single-mode fiber inoshandisa wavelength ye1310nm kana 1550nm.
Multimode fibers anoshandisa kazhinji 850 nm mwenje.
Rudzi runogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune imwe-modhi faibha uye akawanda-modhi fiber. Iyo imwe-modhi fiber yekunze muviri ndeyero, uye iyo yakawanda-modhi faibha yekunze muviri ndeyeorenji-tsvuku.
Gigabit Optical port
Gigabit optical ports inogona kushanda mune zvese zvekumanikidzirwa uye zvekuzvitaurirana modes. Mune iyo 802.3 yakatarwa, iyo Gigabit optical port inongotsigira chiyero che1000M, uye inotsigira maviri akazara-duplex (Yakazara) uye hafu-duplex (Half) duplex modes.
Musiyano wakanyanya kukosha pakati pekutaurirana-otomatiki uye kumanikidza ndewekuti kodhi nzizi dzinotumirwa apo vaviri vacho vakagadzira chinongedzo chemuviri akasiyana. Iyo otomatiki-yekutaurirana modhi inotumira iyo / C / kodhi, inova iyo Configuration kodhi rwizi, nepo yekumanikidza modhi inotumira / I / kodhi, inova isina basa kodhi rwizi.
Gigabit optical port auto-negotiation process
Chekutanga, ese magumo akaiswa kune otomatiki-yekutaurirana modhi
Iwo mapato maviri anotumira / C / kodhi hova kune mumwe nemumwe. Kana 3 akateedzana / C / makodhi akagamuchirwa uye akagashirwa kodhi nzizi anoenderana neako kushanda modhi, ivo vanodzokera kune rimwe bato ne / C / kodhi ine Ack mhinduro. Mushure mekugamuchira iyo Ack meseji, wezera anofunga kuti vaviri vacho vanogona kutaurirana uye kuseta chiteshi kune iyo UP state.
Chechipiri, Isa imwe magumo kune auto-kutaurirana uye imwe mugumo kune yekumanikidza
Iwo ega-yekutaurirana ekupedzisira anotumira / C / rukova, uye iyo yekumanikidza yekupedzisira inotumira / ini / rwizi. Mhedziso yekumanikidza haigone kupa magumo emunharaunda neruzivo rwekutaurirana kwekupedzisira kwenzvimbo, uye haigone kudzorera mhinduro yeAck kumucheto uri kure, saka iyo yekuzvitaurirana kuguma iri PASI. Nekudaro, iyo yekumanikidza yekupedzisira pachayo inogona kuziva iyo / C / kodhi, uye inofunga kuti peer magumo ichiteshi chinozvifananidza pachacho, saka iyo yemuno yekupedzisira chiteshi inoiswa zvakananga kuUP state.
Chechitatu, magumo ose akaiswa kumanikidzira maitiro
Mapato ese ari maviri anotumira / ini / kuyerera kune mumwe nemumwe. Mushure mekugamuchira iyo / I / rukova, imwe mugumo inotora wezera sechiteshi chinozvifananidza pachayo, uye inoisa yakananga chiteshi chenzvimbo kune iyo UP state.
Ko fiber inoshanda sei?
Optical fibers yekutaurirana inoumbwa nebvudzi-segirazi filaments yakavharwa neinodzivirira yepurasitiki layer. Iyo girazi filament inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: dhayamita yepakati ye9 kusvika 62.5 μm, uye yakaderera refractive index girazi zvinhu zvine dhayamita ye125 μm. Kunyangwe kune mamwe marudzi e optical fiber zvichienderana nemidziyo inoshandiswa uye nehukuru hwakasiyana, iwo akajairika anotaurwa pano. Chiedza chinofambiswa muchikamu chepakati chefiber mune "yakazara yemukati yekuratidzira" modhi, ndiko kuti, mushure mekunge mwenje wapinda kune imwe mugumo wefiber, inotaridzwa nekudzoka pakati pepakati nepakati uye yekuvharira nzvimbo, uye yozoendeswa kune imwe magumo efiber. Iyo fiber yemaziso ine dhayamita yepakati ye62.5 μm uye dhayamita yekunze yakavharwa ye125 μm inonzi 62.5 / 125 μm chiedza.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemultimode uye single mode fiber?
Multimode:
Fibers dzinogona kuparadzira mazana kuzviuru zvemodhi dzinonzi multimode (MM) fibers. Zvinoenderana neiyo radial kugoverwa kweiyo refractive index mumusimboti uye cladding, inogona kukamurwa kuita nhanho multimode fiber uye graded multimode fiber. Anenge ese multimode faibha saizi 50/125 μm kana 62.5 / 125 μm, uye bandwidth (huwandu hweruzivo rwunofambiswa nefiber) kazhinji 200 MHz kusvika 2 GHz. Multimode optical transceivers inogona kutumira kusvika kumakiromita mashanu kuburikidza nemultimode fiber. Shandisa mwenje emitting diode kana laser semwenje sosi.
Single mode:
Fibers dzinongokwanisa kuparadzira modhi imwe chete dzinonzi single-mode fibers. Iyo refractive index profile ye standard single-mode (SM) fibers yakafanana neye nhanho-mhando fibers, kunze kwekuti iyo dhayamita yepakati idiki zvakanyanya pane iyo yemultimode fibers.
Saizi ye-single-mode fiber ndeye 9-10 / 125 μm, uye ine hunhu husingagumi bandwidth uye kurasikirwa kwakaderera pane iyo yakawanda-mode fiber. Single-mode optical transceivers anonyanya kushandiswa kutapurirana kure-kure, dzimwe nguva anosvika 150 kusvika 200 makiromita. Shandisa LD kana LED ine nhete spectral mutsara sechiedza sosi.
Kusiyana uye kubatana:
Single-mode midziyo inogona kazhinji kumhanya pane imwe-modhi faibha kana akawanda-modhi faibha, nepo akawanda-modhi midziyo inogumira kushanda pane akawanda-modhi fiber.
Ndeipi kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana kana uchishandisa tambo dzemaziso?
Izvi zvinoenderana nehurefu hwechiedza chinofambiswa uye rudzi rwefiber inoshandiswa.
850nm wavelength ye multimode fiber: 3.0 dB / km
1310nm wavelength ye multimode fiber: 1.0 dB / km
1310nm wavelength kune imwe-modhi fiber: 0.4 dB / km
1550nm wavelength kune imwe-modhi fiber: 0.2 dB / km
Chii chinonzi GBIC?
GBIC ndiyo chidimbu cheGiga Bitrate Interface Converter, chinova chishandiso chinoshandura gigabit magetsi masaini kuita masaini masaini. GBIC yakagadzirirwa kupisa plugging. GBIC chigadzirwa chinochinjika chinoenderana nezviyero zvepasirese. Gigabitswitchesyakagadzirwa neGBIC interface inotora chikamu chikuru chemusika mumusika nekuda kwekuchinjika kwavo kuchinjana.
Chii chinonzi SFP?
SFP ndiyo chidimbu cheSMALL FORM PLUGGABLE, inogona kungonzwisiswa seshanduro yakakwidziridzwa yeGBIC. Saizi yeSFP module inoderedzwa nehafu kana ichienzaniswa neiyo GBIC module, uye nhamba yezviteshi inogona kunge yakapetwa kaviri pane imwechete mapaneru. Mamwe mabasa eSFP module anonyanya kufanana neaya eGBIC. Vamwechinjavagadziri vanodana iyo SFP module mini-GBIC (MINI-GBIC).
Future optical modules inofanira kutsigira inopisa plugging, kureva kuti, module inogona kubatanidzwa kana kubviswa kubva pachigadzirwa pasina kubvisa magetsi. Nekuti iyo optical module inopisa pluggable, maneja etiweki anogona kusimudzira nekuwedzera sisitimu pasina kuvhara network. Mushandisi haaiti chero mutsauko. Hot swappability zvakare inorerutsa kugadzirisa kwese uye inogonesa vashandisi vekupedzisira kubata zvirinani ma transceiver modules. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kweiyi inopisa-kuchinjanisa kuita, iyi module inogonesa maneja etiweki kuti aite hurongwa hwakazara hwemitengo yetransceiver, nhanho dzekubatanidza, uye ese network topologies zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa netiweki kusimudzira, pasina kutsiva zvachose system mabhodhi.
Iwo optical modules anotsigira iyi inopisa-kuchinja iripo parizvino muGBIC neSFP. Nekuti SFP neSFF dzinenge saizi yakafanana, dzinogona kubatirwa zvakananga mubhodhi redunhu, kuchengetedza nzvimbo uye nguva pasuru, uye kuve neyakasiyana maapplication. Naizvozvo, budiriro Yayo yeramangwana yakakodzera kutarisira, uye inogona kutotyisidzira musika weSFF.
SFF (Small Form Factor) diki pasuru ye optical module inoshandisa advanced precision optics uye tekinoroji yekubatanidza tekinoroji, saizi inongova hafu yeyakajairwa duplex SC (1X9) fiber optic transceiver module, inogona kupeta nhamba yemaziso madoko munzvimbo imwe chete. Wedzera mutsara wechiteshi density uye kuderedza system mutengo pachiteshi. Uye nekuti iyo SFF diki pasuru module inoshandisa KT-RJ interface yakafanana neyemhangura network, saizi yacho yakafanana neyakajairika komputa network network copper interface, iyo inobatsira kushanduko yemhangura-based network zvishandiso kune yakakwirira-kumhanya fiber. optic network. Kusangana nekuwedzera kunoshamisa kwezvinodiwa netiweki bandwidth.
Network yekubatanidza mudziyo interface mhando
BNC interface
BNC interface inoreva iyo coaxial tambo interface. Iyo BNC interface inoshandiswa kune 75 ohm coaxial tambo yekubatanidza. Inopa nzira mbiri dzekugamuchira (RX) uye kutumira (TX). Inoshandiswa pakubatanidza zviratidzo zvisina kuenzana.
Fiber interface
Fiber interface ichimiro chemuviri chinoshandiswa kubatanidza tambo dzefiber optic. Kune kazhinji marudzi akati wandei akadai seSC, ST, LC, FC. Kune iyo 10Base-F yekubatanidza, chinongedzo chinowanzo ST type, uye imwe magumo FC yakabatana kune fiber optic patch panel. FC ndiyo chidimbu cheFerruleConnector. Nzira yekusimbisa yekunze isimbi sleeve uye nzira yekusimbisa ndeye screw button. ST interface inowanzo shandiswa ku10Base-F, SC interface inowanzoshandiswa ku100Base-FX uye GBIC, LC inowanzo shandiswa kuSFP.
RJ-45 interface
Iyo RJ-45 interface ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa interface yeEthernet. RJ-45 izita rinowanzo shandiswa, iro rinoreva kumisikidzwa neIEC (60) 603-7, uchishandisa 8 zvinzvimbo (8 mapini) anotsanangurwa neInternational connector standard. Modular jack kana plug.
RS-232 interface
RS-232-C interface (inozivikanwawo seEIA RS-232-C) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa serial communication interface. Ndiyo chiyero chekutaurirana kwakabatana kwakagadziridzwa neAmerican Electronics Indasitiri Association (EIA) muna 1970 yakabatana neBell masisitimu, vagadziri vemodemu, uye vanogadzira macomputer terminal. Zita rayo rakazara i "serial binary data exchange interface tekinoroji chiyero pakati pe data terminal midziyo (DTE) uye data yekutaurirana michina (DCE)". Chiyero chinotara kuti 25-pini DB25 yekubatanidza inoshandiswa kutsanangura chiratidzo chemukati chepini yega yega yekubatanidza, pamwe nechiyero chezviratidzo zvakasiyana.
RJ-11 interface
Iyo RJ-11 interface ndiyo yatinowanzo kudana mutsara wefoni. RJ-11 izita rinowanikwa rekubatanidza rakagadzirwa neWestern Electric. Rondedzero yaro inotsanangurwa se6-pini yekubatanidza mudziyo. Pakutanga yainzi WExW, apo x zvinoreva "kushanda", kubata kana kupinza tsono. Semuyenzaniso, WE6W ine ese 6 macontacts, akaverengerwa 1 kusvika 6, WE4W interface inoshandisa 4 pini chete, maviri ekunze ekunze (1 uye 6) haashandiswe, WE2W inoshandisa mapini maviri epakati chete (kureva, yerunhare mutsara interface) .
CWDM uye DWDM
Nekukurumidza kukura kweIP data masevhisi paInternet, kudiwa kwekufambisa mutsara bandwidth kwawedzera. Kunyange zvazvo teknolojia yeDWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa dambudziko rekuwedzera kwemutsara bandwidth, CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) teknolojia ine zvakanakira pamusoro peDWDM maererano nehurongwa hwemari uye kuchengetedza.
Ose ari maviri CWDM neDWDM ndeeyewavelength division multiplexing tekinoroji, uye anogona kubatanidza mafungu emwenje akasiyana echiedza kuita imwe-core fiber vozvifambisa pamwechete.
CWDM's latest ITU standard is G.695, iyo inotsanangura 18 wavelength channels ine 20nm interval kubva 1271nm kusvika 1611nm. Tichifunga nezve peak peak effect yezvakajairwa G.652 optical fibers, 16 chiteshi chinowanzo shandiswa. Nekuda kwenzvimbo hombe yechiteshi, kuwanda uye demultiplexing zvishandiso uye lasers zvakachipa pane DWDM zvishandiso.
Iyo chiteshi chechiteshi cheDWDM ine nguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai se0.4nm, 0.8nm, 1.6nm, nezvimwewo. Iyo nguva idiki uye mamwe mawavelength ekudzora michina inodiwa. Naizvozvo, iyo midziyo yakavakirwa paDWDM tekinoroji inodhura kupfuura midziyo yakavakirwa paCWDM tekinoroji.
A PIN photodiode inhamba yezvinyoro zvinyoro zveN-type zvinhu pakati peP-type neN-type semiconductor ine yakakwira doping concentration, inodaidzwa kuti I (Intrinsic) layer. Nekuda kwekuti yakaderedzwa zvishoma, iyo maerekitironi yakadzikira zvakanyanya, uye yakafara depletion layer inoumbwa mushure mekupatsanurwa, iyo inogona kuvandudza yayo yekupindura nekukurumidza uye kutendeuka kushanda zvakanaka.
APD avalanche photodiodes haina chete yekutarisa / yemagetsi shanduko asiwo yemukati amplification. Iko kukwidziridzwa kunoitwa neavalanche yekuwedzera maitiro mukati mechubhu. APD iphotodiode ine pfuma. Kana kunzwisiswa kweiyo optical receiver kwakakwira, APD inobatsira kuwedzera kureba kwekutapurirana kwehurongwa.