Kuti unzwisise kutaurirana kwedata mumambure kwakaoma. Muchinyorwa chino ini ndicharatidza zviri nyore kuti makomputa maviri anobatana sei, kuendesa uye kugamuchira data data zvakare neTcp / IP shanu layer protocol.
Chii chinonzi Data communication?
Izwi rekuti "data communication" rinoshandiswa kutsanangura kufambiswa kwemashoko kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe uchishandisa svikiro senge waya. Kana ese maturusi ekuchinjana data ari muchivako chimwe chete kana padyo, isu tinoti iyo data yekuendesa ndeyemunharaunda.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, “mabviro” uye “mugamuchiri” ane tsananguro dzakananga. Kwakabva kunoreva dhata-yekutumira midziyo, nepo inogamuchira ichireva kune iyo data-inogamuchira mudziyo. Chinangwa chekukurukurirana kwedata hakusi kugadzira ruzivo kune kwaunobva kana kwainosvika, asi kuendesa data uye kuchengetedza data panguva yekuita.
Masisitimu ekufambiswa kwedata anowanzo shandisa mitsara yekufambisa data kugamuchira data kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure uye kutumira mhinduro dzakagadziridzwa kunzvimbo idzo dziri kure. Dhiagiramu iri mumufananidzo inopa tarisiro yakazara yedata rekutaurirana network. Nzira dzakawanda dzekutaura nedata dziri kushandiswa pari zvino dzakagadziridzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, kungave sekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ezvekufambiswa kwemashoko aivepo kare kana sechinotsiva. Uyezve kune lexical minefield iri data kutaurirana, iyo inosanganisira mazwi akaita sebaud rate, modem, routers, LAN, WAN, TCP/IP, iyo ISDN, uye inofanirwa kufambiswa kana uchifunga nezve nzira yekufambisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti utarise kumashure uye uwane mubato pane idzi pfungwa uye shanduko yedata rekutaurirana matekiniki.
TCP/IP 5 layer protocol:
Kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti TCP/IP ishande nemazvo, tinofanira kupa hushoma hwe data yainoda mufomati inonzwisiswa pasi rose pamanetiweki. Iyo software yevashanu-layer architecture inoita kuti iyi fomati igoneke.
TCP/IP inowana zvakakosha zvainoda kufambisa data redu padandemutande kubva kune imwe neimwe yezvikamu izvi. Mabasa akarongwa kuita basa-rakananga "malay" pano. Iko hakuna chinhu chimwe chete mumuenzaniso uyu chisingabatsiri zvakananga chimwe chezvikamu zvakawanda mukuita basa rayo zviri nani.
Matunhu chete ari pedyo nemumwe anogona kutaurirana. Zvirongwa zvinoshanda pamatanho epamusoro zvinosunungurwa kubva pamutoro wekuita kodhi pazasi. Kumisikidza chinongedzo nemunhu ari kure, semuenzaniso, iyo kodhi yekunyorera inongoziva maitiro ekuita chikumbiro paTransport layer. Iyo inogona kushanda isinganzwisisi iyo yepasi encoding chirongwa cheiyo data iri kutumirwa. Zviri kuPhysical layer kuti zvibate izvozvo. Iyo inotarisira kuendesa data mbishi, inongori nhevedzano ye0s uye 1s, pamwe nea bit rate regulation uye kutsanangura kubatana, iyo isina waya tekinoroji kana tambo yemagetsi inobatanidza zvishandiso.
Iyo TCP/IP shanu-layer protocol inosanganisira iyoApplication Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data Link Layer, uye Physical Layer, Ngatidzidzei nezve iyi TCP/IP layers.
1. Physical layer:Iyo yemuviri layer inobata iyo chaiyo wired kana isina waya chinongedzo pakati pemidziyo mune network. Iyo inotsanangura chinongedzo, iyo wired kana isina waya yekubatanidza pakati pemidziyo, uye inotumira iyo mbishi data (0s uye 1s) pamwe nekugadzirisa chiyero chekufambisa data.
2. Data Link Layer:Kubatana pakati pemanodhi maviri akabatana pane network inotangwa uye yakachekwa pane data link layer. Inoita izvi nekugovanisa mapaketi edata kuita mafuremu isati yaatumira munzira. Media Access Control (MAC) inoshandisa kero dzeMAC kubatanidza zvishandiso uye kudoma kodzero dzekufambisa uye kugamuchira data, nepo Logical Link Control (LLC) inozivisa network protocol, inoita kukanganisa kutarisa, uye kuwiriranisa mafuremu.
3. Network Layer:Kubatana pakati pemanetiweki ndiwo musimboti weInternet. Iyo "network layer" yeInternet communications process ndipo panoitwa maconnection aya nekuchinjana data packets pakati pemanetiweki Chikamu chechitatu cheOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model ndiyo network layer. Mapuroteni akati wandei, anosanganisira Internet Protocol (IP), anoshandiswa padanho iri nezvinangwa zvakaita sekufambisa, kuyedza, uye encryption.
4. Transport Layer:Kugadzira hukama pakati pekugamuchira kune host ibasa re network layers. Nepo transport layer basa ririkumisikidza chiteshi kuenda kuchiteshi chekubatanidza. Isu takabudirira kutamisa data kubva kuComputer A kuenda kuB kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwemuviri layer, data link layer uye network layer. Mushure mekutumira data kumakombuta A-ku-B ko komputa B inogona sei kuziva kuti ndeipi application iyo data inotamisirwa?
Saizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kugovera kugadzirisa kune imwe application kuburikidza nechiteshi. Saka, kero yeIP uye nhamba yechiteshi inogona kushandiswa kuratidza zvakasarudzika chirongwa chemuenzi.
5. Chishandiso Layer:Mabhurawuza uye maemail vatengi mienzaniso yemutengi-parutivi software inoshanda pane iyo application layer. Protocols inowanikwa inofambisa kutaurirana pakati pezvirongwa uye kuratidzwa kweruzivo runobatsira kune vanopedza vashandisi. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), uye Domain Name System (DNS) yese mienzaniso yezvibvumirano zvinoshanda padanho rekushandisa (DNS) .