"Network" yave "chinodiwa" kune vanhu vazhinji vemazuva ano.
Chikonzero nei nguva yakanakira network ichigona kuuya, "fiber-optic communication technology" inogona kunzi yakakosha.
Muna 1966, British Chinese sorghum yakaronga pfungwa ye optical fiber, iyo yakabatidza mhedziso yekugadzira optical fiber communication pasi rose.Chizvarwa chekutanga chelightwave masisitimu anoshanda pa 0.8 μm muna 1978 akaiswa zviri pamutemo mukushandiswa kwekutengeserana, uye chizvarwa chechipiri chelightwave. nzira dzekukurukurirana dzinoshandisa multimode fiber mumazuva ekutanga dzakakurumidza kuiswa mukutanga kwe1980. Pakazosvika 1990, yechitatu-chizvarwa optical wave system inoshanda pa 2.4 Gb / s uye 1.55 μm yakakwanisa kupa mabhizimisi ekukurukurirana.
"Baba vefiber" mhunga, avo vakaita mupiro wakajeka mu "kufambiswa kwechiedza mufayibha yekutaurirana kwemaziso," akapihwa 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Optical fiber kutaurirana ikozvino yave imwe yembiru dzekukurukurirana kwemazuva ano, ichiita basa rakakosha mumatanho emazuva ano ekufonera. Inoonekwawo sechiratidzo chakakosha cheshanduko itsva yetekinoroji yenyika uye nzira huru yekuparadzira ruzivo mune ramangwana nzanga yeruzivo.
Mumakore achangopfuura, musika wekushandisa wedata hombe, cloud computing, 5G, Internet yeZvinhu uye hungwaru hwekugadzira yakagadzira nekukurumidza. Iyo isina kunyorwa application musika iri kuuya iri kuunza kuputika kukura kune data traffic. Data center interconnection yave zvishoma nezvishoma yakava optical communication research. inopisa nzvimbo.
Mukati meGoogle nzvimbo huru yedata
Ikozvino data data haisisiri imwe chete kana mashoma emakamuri emakombiyuta, asi seti ye data center clusters.Kuti uwane basa rinowanzoitwa remasevhisi akasiyana-siyana eInternet uye misika yekushandiswa, nzvimbo dze data dzinoda kushanda pamwe chete.The real-time. uye kudyidzana kukuru kweruzivo pakati penzvimbo dzedata kwakagadzira kudiwa kwedata center interconnection network, uye optical fiber kutaurirana yave nzira inodiwa yekuwana kubatanidza.
Kusiyana nechinyakare telecom access network transmission equipment, data center interconnection inoda kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda uye dense transmission, izvo zvinoda kuchinja midziyo kuti ive nekumhanya kwakanyanya, kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, uye kuwedzera miniaturization. yakawanikwa ndeye optical transceiver module.
Imwe ruzivo rwekutanga nezve optical transceiver modules
Iyo network yeruzivo inonyanya kushandisa optical fiber senzira yekutapurirana, asi iko kuverengera uye kuongororwa kunofanirwawo kuve kwakavakirwa pamagetsi masaini, uye optical transceiver module ndiyo yakakosha mudziyo wekuona photoelectric shanduko.
Izvo zvakakosha zveiyo optical module iTransimitter (Chiedza Emitting Submodule)/Receiver (Chiedza Chinotambira Submodule) kana Transceiver (Optical Transceiver Module), magetsi chip, uye zvakare inosanganisira passive zvidimbu senge lenzi, splitters, uye masanganisi. Peripheral circuit composition.
Pakupera kwekutumira: chiratidzo chemagetsi chinoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo cheOptical neTransimitter, uye wozoisa kune optical fiber neadaputara ye optical; Pakupera kwekugamuchira: chiratidzo chemaziso mufiber optical chinogamuchirwa neMugamuchiri kuburikidza neadapter yemaziso. uye yakashandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi uye yakatumirwa kune computing unit kuti igadziriswe.
Optical transceiver module schematic
Nekuvandudzwa kwe tekinoroji yekubatanidza tekinoroji, iyo yekurongedza fomu ye optical transceiver module yakaitawo dzimwe shanduko. Isati yaumbwa indasitiri yeOptical module, yakagadziridzwa nevakuru vekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvefoni mumazuva ekutanga. Mainterfaces aive akasiyana uye aisakwanisa kushandiswa pasi rose. Izvi zvakaita kuti optical transceiver modules isashanduke.Pakusimudzirwa kweindasitiri, yekupedzisira "Multi Source Agreement (MSA)" yakatanga. Neye MSA chiyero, makambani akazvimirira akatarisana nekugadzira Transceiver akatanga kubuda, uye indasitiri yakasimuka.
Iyo optical transceiver module inogona kukamurwa kuita SFP, XFP, QSFP, CFP, nezvimwe zvinoenderana nepepaji fomu:
· SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) ndeye compact, pluggable transceiver module standard ye telecom uye datacom application inotsigira kusvika ku10Gbps kutamisa mitengo.
Iyo XFP (10 Gigabit Diki Form Factor Pluggable) i10G-chiyero diki fomu factor pluggable transceiver module inotsigira akawanda ekutaurirana maprotocol akadai se10G Ethernet, 10G Fiber Channel, uye SONETOC-192.XFP transceivers inogona kushandiswa mukutaurirana data uye. telecommunications misika uye inopa zvirinani mashandisiro emagetsi maitiro pane mamwe 10Gbps transceivers.
QSFP (Quad Diki Form-factor Pluggable) ndeye compact, pluggable transceiver standard ye-high-speed data communication applications. Zvinoenderana nekumhanya, iyo QSFP inogona kukamurwa kuita 4 × 1G QSFP, 4 × 10GQSFP +, 4 × 25G QSFP28 optical modules. Parizvino QSFP28 yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzepasi rose dzedata.
· CFP (Centum gigabits Form Pluggable) yakavakirwa payakamisikidzwa dense wave optical splitting communication module ine transmission rate ye100-400 Gbps. Ukuru hwemodule yeCFP yakakura kudarika iyo yeSFP/XFP/QSFP, uye inowanzoshandiswa kutapurirana kure-kure senge metropolitan area network.
Optical transceiver module ye data center communication
Data center communication inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvichienderana nerudzi rwekubatanidza:
(1) Iyo data data kumushandisi inogadzirwa neyekupedzisira mushandisi maitiro sekubhurawuza peji rewebhu, kutumira uye kugamuchira maemail uye vhidhiyo hova nekuwana gore;
(2) Data center interconnection, inonyanya kushandiswa kudzokorora data, software uye system upgrades;
(3) Mukati me data data, inonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza ruzivo, chizvarwa uye migodhi. Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kweCisco, data centre yemukati yekutaurirana account inodarika 70% yedata center kutaurirana, uye kuvandudzwa kwekuvakwa kwenzvimbo yedata kwakonzera kuvandudzwa kwe-high-speed optical modules.
Iyo data traffic inoramba ichikura, uye iyo data centre yakakura-chiyero uye flattening maitiro ari kutyaira kusimudzira kwemaoptical module muzvikamu zviviri:
· Kuwedzera kutapurirana zvinodiwa
· Kuwedzera huwandu hunodiwa
Parizvino, zvinodiwa zvepasi rose data center optical modules zvakashanduka kubva ku10 / 40G optical modules kusvika ku100G optical modules.China's Alibaba Cloud Promotion ichava gore rokutanga rekushandisa kukuru kwe100G optical modules muna 2018. Inotarisirwa kuvandudza 400G Optical modules muna 2019.
Ali gore module yekushanduka nzira
Maitiro enzvimbo dzakakura dze data zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekutapurirana chinhambwe chinodiwa. Nharaunda yekufambisa kwemafibers akawanda inogumira nekuwedzera kwechiratidzo chechiratidzo uye inotarisirwa kuchinjwa zvishoma nezvishoma ne-single-mode fibers.Mutengo we fiber link inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: optical module uye optical fiber. Kune madaro akasiyana, kune mhinduro dzakasiyana dzinoshanda.Kune yepakati kusvika kureba yekubatanidza inodiwa pakutaurirana pakati pedata, pane mhinduro mbiri dzekuchinja dzakazvarwa kubva kuMSA:
PSM4 (Parallel Single Mode 4 nzira)
CWDM4 (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexer 4 nzira)
Pakati pavo, iyo PSM4 fiber kushandiswa kwakapetwa kane iyo yeCWDM4. Kana iyo yekubatanidza kureba, iyo CWDM4 mhinduro mutengo wakaderera. Kubva patafura iri pasi apa, tinogona kuona kuenzanisa kwe data center 100G optical module solutions:
Nhasi, kushandiswa kwekombiyuta ye400G optical modules yakava chinangwa cheindasitiri.Basa guru re400G optical module nderokuvandudza dhidhiyo yedata uye kuwedzera bandwidth uye dhipatimendi rechiteshi che data. kuwana, ruzha rwakaderera, miniaturization uye kubatanidzwa, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvechizvarwa chinotevera-wireless network uye ultra-makuru-scale-scale data center communications applications.
Iyo yekutanga 400G optical module yakashandisa 16-channel 25G NRZ (Non-Returnto Zero) chiratidzo chemodulation nzira muCFP8 package.Zvakanakira ndezvekuti 25G NRZ chiratidzo chemodulation tekinoroji yakakura pa100G optical module inogona kukweretwa, asi iyo yakashata ndeye kuti zviratidzo zve 16 zvinoda kuendeswa zvakafanana, uye simba rekushandisa uye vhoriyamu yakakura, iyo isingakodzeri data data applications.Muzvino 400G optical module, 8-channel 53G NRZ kana 4-channel 106G PAM4 (4 Pulse). Amplitude Modulation) chiratidzo modulation inonyanya kushandiswa kuona 400G chiratidzo chekufambisa.
Mukutaura kwemodule packaging, OSFP kana QSFP-DD inoshandiswa, uye mapeji ose maviri anogona kupa 8 magetsi emagetsi interfaces.Mukuenzanisa, purogiramu yeQSFP-DD iduku muhukuru uye yakakodzera kune data data applications; iyo OSFP package yakakura zvishoma muhukuru uye inoshandisa simba rakawanda, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune telecom application.
Ongorora "core" simba re100G/400G optical modules
Takasuma muchidimbu kushandiswa kwe100G uye 400G optical modules. Izvi zvinotevera zvinogona kuonekwa mumadhiyamu ekugadzirisa e100G CWDM4 mhinduro, 400G CWDM8 mhinduro uye 400G CWDM4 mhinduro:
100G CWDM4 chirongwa
400G CWDM8 chirongwa
400G CWDM4 chirongwa
Mune optical module, kiyi yekuona photoelectric chiratidzo chekushandura ndiyo photodetector. Kuti pakupedzisira usangane nezvirongwa izvi, rudzii rwezvido zvaunoda kusangana kubva ku "core"?
Iyo 100G CWDM4 mhinduro inoda 4λx25GbE kushandiswa, iyo 400G CWDM8 mhinduro inoda 8λx50GbE kushandiswa, uye 400G CWDM4 mhinduro inoda 4λx100GbE kushandiswa.Inoenderana nekugadzirisa nzira, iyo 100G CWDM8 inotora chiyero che CWDM4 uye NZ8du inoremekedza iyo modulation chirongwa ye 25Gbd uye 53Gbd zvishandiso.Iyo 400G CWDM4 chirongwa chinotora PAM4 modulation scheme, iyo inodawo kuti chigadziro chive nekugadzirisa chiyero che53Gbd kana kupfuura.
Chiyero chemodulation yemudziyo chinoenderana neiyo bandwidth yemudziyo. Kune 1310nm bhendi 100G optical module, bandwidth 25GHz InGaAs detector kana detector array yakakwana.