1.Basic structure yePON
PON (Passive Optical Network)
PON is one-fiber bidirectional optical access network inoshandisa point-to-multipoint (P2MP) chimiro. Iyo PON system inoumbwa neye optical line terminal (OLT), an optical distribution network (ODN), uye optical network unit (ONU) padivi remushandisi wehofisi yepakati, uye iine-fiber bidirectional system. Kuzasi kwerwizi (OLTto ONU), chiratidzo chakatumirwa naOLTanosvika mumwe nemumweONUkuburikidza neODN.Munzira yekukwira kumusoro (ONUto OLT), chiratidzo chakatumirwa naONUachasvika cheteOLTuye haisviki kune imweONUs.Kuitira kudzivirira kudhumhana kwedata uye kuvandudza mashandiro etiweki, iyo uplink nzira inotora TDMA yakawanda yekuwana modhi, uye inotarisira kufambiswa kwedata kweimwe neimwe.ONU. Iyo ODN inopa optical chiteshi pakati peOLTuyeONU. Chimiro chechirevo chePON chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa.
PON system reference chimiro
TheOLTinowanikwa padivi retiweki uye inoiswa pahofisi yepakati. Inogona kuva L2chinjakana L3router, kupa network kutariswa uye kuwana, inogonesa optical / yemagetsi kutendeuka, bandwidth kugoverwa, uye kutonga kwega yega yekubatanidza chiteshi, ine chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa uye manejimendi. Uye mabasa ekuchengetedza. TheONUiri padivi remushandisi kuita kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa manejimendi emhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi masaini, uye inopa mushandisi-parutivi interface. TheOLTuyeONUakabatanidzwa ne passive optical splitter, uye optical splitter inoshandiswa kugovera downlink data uye aggregate uplink data. Pamusoro pemichina yekugumisira, iyo PON system haidi zvinhu zvemagetsi uye saka inongoita chete.
Iyo PON inotora tekinoroji yewavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ine downlink 1490 nm/uplink 1310 nm wavelength musanganiswa pane imwechete fiber. Iyo uplink kutungamira inzvimbo-ku-ku-point modhi, uye iyo downlink nzira inzira yekutepfenyura. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza chimiro chePON.
Basic network chimiro chePON
Munzira yezasi, theOLTinotumira data packet kune veseONUsnenzira yekutepfenyura, pakiti yega yega inotakura musoro une kutumira kune kwainoendaONUidentifier. Kana data packet yasvika paONU, iyo MAC layer yeONUinoita kero kugadzirisa, inobvisa data pakiti yeyayo, uye inorasa mamwe mapaketi edata.
Iyo uplink inotungamira inoshandisa Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) tekinoroji, uye iyo uplink ruzivo rweakawandaONUsinoumba TDM ruzivo rukova rwunotumirwa kuneOLT.
2.Optical line terminal (OLT)
Iyo optical line terminal (OLT) mabasa ekupa iyo optical interface pakati pesevhisi network neODN, uye inopa nzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa masevhisi akasiyana. TheOLTinoumbwa nemukati nepakati pepakati, sevhisi layer, uye yeruzhinji layer. Iyo sevhisi layer inonyanya kupa masevhisi zviteshi uye inotsigira akawanda masevhisi; iyo yepakati layer inopa muchinjiko-kubatanidza, kuwanda, uye kutapurirana; uye iyo yeruzhinji layer inopa magetsi ekupa uye kugadzirisa manejimendi mabasa.
Kuvapo kweOLTinogona kuderedza kubatana kwakasimba pakati peyepamusoro-layer sevhisi network uye chaiyo interface, mutakuri, networking, uye manejimendi emudziyo wekushandisa, uye inogona kupa yakabatana yekuona network manejimendi manejimendi.
Iwo musimboti mabasa eOLTzvinosanganisira: aggregation kugovera basa uye DN adaptation basa.
TheOLTsevhisi interface mabasa anosanganisira: sevhisi chiteshi basa, sevhisi interface yekuchinjisa basa, interface yekusaina kusaina, uye sevhisi kuchengetedzwa.
TheOLTmabasa akajairika anonyanya kusanganisira OAM mabasa uye magetsi ekupa mabasa.
Simba reOptical rinobuda kubva kuOLTinonyanya kudyiwa munzvimbo dzinotevera.
Splitter: Iyo yakakura nhamba yeshunts, yakakura kurasikirwa.
l Fiber: Iyo yakareba kureba, iyo yakakura kurasikirwa.
l ONU: Iyo yakakura nhamba, yakakura iyoOLTkutumira simba kunodiwa. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti simba rega rega rinosvika kuneONUyakakwirira kudarika kunzwisiswa kwekugamuchira uye ine imwe margin, bhajeti inofanira kunge yakavakirwa pahuwandu chaihwo uye kugoverwa kwenzvimbo.
3.Optical kugovera network
Iyo optical distribution network (ODN) inzira yekupa optical kutapurirana pakati peOLTuyeONU. Basa rayo guru nderokupedzisa kuendesa ruzivo uye kugovera pakati peOLTuyeONU, uye kumisikidza kuguma-ku-kumagumo ruzivo rwekufambisa chiteshi pakati peONUuyeOLT.
Iyo ODN gadziriso kazhinji inonongedza-kune-multipoint modhi, kureva, yakawandaONUszvakabatana kune imweOLTkuburikidza neODN imwe, saka iyo yakawandaONUsinogona kugovera optical transmission medium pakati peOLTuye iyo ODN uye optoelectronic mudziyo weOLT.
(1) Kuumbwa kweODN
Zvikamu zvikuru zvinoumba iyo ODN ndezvi: single-mode fiber uye fiber optic tambo, zvibatanidza, passive optical splitters (OBD), passive optical attenuators, uye fiber optic connectors.
(2) Topological chimiro cheODN
Iyo topology yeODN network inowanzova point-to-multipoint chimiro, iyo inogona kukamurwa kuita nyeredzi, muti, bhazi, uye mhete.
ODN network chimiro
(3) Settings for active and standby protection
Iyo inoshanda / yekumira yekudzivirira yekumisikidza yeODN network inonyanya kumisikidza maviri optical transmission chiteshi kune optical masaini anofambiswa neODN network. Kana iyo yekutanga chiteshi ikatadza, inogona otomatikichinjakune imwe nzira yekufambisa zviratidzo zvemaziso, kusanganisira optical fibers,OLTs, ONUs, uye Iyo yekutanga uye yekuchengetedza zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedza fiber yekutapurirana.
Iyo huru uye yekumira yekufambisa fibers inogona kunge iri mune imwechete optical tambo kana mune akasiyana optical tambo. Iyo huru uye backup tambo dzemaziso dzinogona kuiswa mumapaipi akasiyana, kuitira kuti mashandiro ekudzivirira ave nani.
(4) Optical transmission maitiro eODN
Madhizaini eODN anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti chero sevhisi inofanoona parizvino inogona kupihwa pasina shanduko huru, chinodiwa chine simba guru pahunhu hweakasiyana-siyana maficha. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvinogona kukanganisa zvakananga maitiro eOptical eODN ndeaya anotevera.
l Optical wavelength kujeka: Akasiyana-siyana optical passive zvikamu hazvifanirwe kukanganisa kujeka kweiyo inofambiswa optical chiratidzo. Chiratidzo chemaziso chinodiwa neyakagadzirirwa optical network inofanira kuendeswa pachena, nokudaro ichipa ramangwana reWDM system applications. Nheyo.
l Reversibility: Kana iyo yakabuda uye inopinza yeODN network inopindirana, maitiro ekutapurirana eODN network haafanire kuchinja zvakanyanya, ndiko kuti, shanduko yekufambisa bandwidth uye optical kurasikirwa maitiro kunofanirwa kuve kushoma. Izvi zvinorerutsa magadzirirwo etiweki.
l Kuenderana kwekuita kwetiweki: Iyo ODN network inofanirwa kuchengetedza inowirirana masaini masaini. Maitiro ekutapurirana eiyo ODN network anofanirwa kuenderana neOFSAN yese uye network yese yekutaurirana. Iyo yekufambisa bandwidth uye yekuona kurasikirwa maitiro anofanirwa kuve akakodzera iyo yese OFSAN.
(5) ODN performance parameters
Iwo ma paramita anotaridza iyo optical chiteshi kurasikirwa kuita kweiyo system yese zvakanyanya seinotevera.
l ODN optical chiteshi kurasikirwa: mutsauko pakati peiyo shoma yekufambisa simba uye yepamusoro inogamuchira kunzwa.
l Yakanyanya inotenderwa chiteshi kurasikirwa: mutsauko uripo pakati peiyo yakanyanya kufambisa simba uye yepamusoro-soro inogamuchira kunzwa.
l Yakaderera inotenderwa chiteshi kurasikirwa: mutsauko pakati peiyo shoma yekufambisa simba uye yakaderera inogamuchira senitivity (yakawandisa poindi).
(6) Kuratidzira kweODN
Kuratidzira kweODN kunoenderana nekurasikirwa kwekudzoka kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoumba iyo ODN uye chero zviratidziro pane optical chiteshi. Muzhinji, maratidziro ese akasarudzika anofanira kunge ari nani pane−35 dB, uye iyo yakanyanya discrete ratidziro yefiber yekuwana inofanira kunge iri nani kupfuura−50dB.
4. Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Iyo optical network unit (ONU) iri pakati peODN nemidziyo yemushandisi, uye inopa chinongedzo chemaziso pakati pemushandisi neODN uye chinongedzo chemagetsi nedivi remushandisi kuita kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa manejimendi emagetsi akasiyana masaini. TheONUinoumbwa ne core layer, service layer, uye public layer. Iyo sevhisi layer inonyanya kutaura kune vashandisi zviteshi; iyo core layer inopa multiplexing uye optical interfaces; uye iyo yeruzhinji layer inopa magetsi ekupa uye kugadzirisa manejimendi.
5. PON application mode
PON's bhizinesi pachena rakanaka, uye musimboti inogona kuiswa kune chero mwero uye chiyero chiratidzo. Kuenzaniswa ne-point-to-point active optical networks, teknolojia yePON inoratidzirwa nekugadzirisa nyore, kudhura kwakaderera (kuchengetedza fiber uye optical interfaces), yakakwirira yekufambisa bandwidth uye yakakwirira yemutengo wekutengesa mutengo. Aya maitiro achaita kuti ichengetedze mukana wekukwikwidza kwenguva yakareba, uye PON yagara ichionekwa seyamangwana rekusimudzira nzira yekuwana network.
Chikumbiro chakanyanya kukodzera chePON ndechekuti: chikamu chetiweki yekuwana padyo nekupera kwemutengi; mutengi weONUsevhisi haisimbise kudiwa kwekudzivirirwa kana kudzivirirwa; theOLTinogona kumisikidzwa pane node ine yakanaka yekupona kuita (semuenzaniso, node ine inotenderera dziviriro). Nzvimbo iyo vashandisi vakatariswa nenzvimbo. PON inonyanya kuve nematatu ekushandisa modes.
(1) Tsiva iripo maviri-layer aggregation network: PON inogona kutsiva iripo Layer 2chinjauye optical transceiver, uye tungamira network yekuwana yeLAN kune IP metropolitan area network, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo:
PON inotsiva iripo Layer 2 network
(2) Tsiva tambo yekupinda yendima yakakodzera: PON system inogona kutsiva iyo iripo chikamu cheiyo optical tambo uye optical switching michina, nekudaro kuchengetedza tambo yekupinda yendima yakakodzera, sezvakaratidzwa:
PON inotsiva zvikamu zvakakodzera kuti uwane optical cable
(3) Multi-service access mode (kuita FTTH): Iyo PON system inogona kupa akawanda-sevhisi uye akawanda-reti yekuwana iyo inosangana nemhando dzakasiyana dzeQoS zvinodiwa, uye inogona kuenderana nekusiyana kwevashandisi uye kusava nechokwadi kwekusimudzira bhizinesi, sezvakaratidzwa mu. mufananidzo unotevera:
Multi-service access