Iyo yakakosha chimiro che optical fiber

Iyo isina fiber fiber ye optical fiber inowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvitatu: core, cladding uye coating.

Iyo fiber core uye cladding inoumbwa negirazi ine akasiyana refractive indexes, pakati ndeye yakakwira refractive index girazi core (germanium-doped silica), uye yepakati iri yakaderera refractive index silica glass cladding (pure silica). Chiedza chinopinda mufiber pane imwe kona yechiitiko, uye kubuda kwese kunoitika pakati pefiber uye cladding (nekuti refractive index ye cladding yakadzikira zvishoma pane core), saka inogona kupararira mufiber.

Basa guru rekuputira nderokudzivirira optical fiber kubva kune kukuvara kwekunze, nekuwedzera kushanduka kwe optical fiber. Sezvambotaurwa, musimboti uye kuvharika kwakagadzirwa negirazi uye haigone kukotama uye isina kusimba. Kushandiswa kwejira rekuvhara kunodzivirira uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwefiber.

Mutsara wekunze sheath inowedzerwa kune isina-yakashama fiber. Pamusoro pekudzivirira, iyo yekunze sheath yemavara akasiyana inogona zvakare kushandiswa kusiyanisa akasiyana optical fibers.

Optical fiber yakakamurwa kuita single mode fiber (Single Mode Fiber) uye multimode fiber (Multi Mode Fiber) zvinoenderana neiyo nzira yekufambisa. Chiedza chinopinda mufiibha pane imwe kona yechiitiko, uye kuburitsa kwakazara kunoitika pakati pefiber uye cladding. Kana iyo dhayamita idiki, nzira imwe chete yechiedza inobvumirwa kupfuura, kureva, imwe-mode fiber; kana iyo fiber dhayamita yakakura, chiedza chinogona kubvumidzwa. Jekiseni uye kuparadzira pamakona akawanda ezviitiko, panguva ino inonzi multimode fiber.

Optical faibha kutapurirana maitiro

Optical fiber ine maviri makuru ekutapurirana maitiro: kurasikirwa uye kupararira. Kurasikirwa kwefiber optical kunoreva kudzikisira paurefu hweyuniti yefiber optical, mu dB/km. Iyo nhanho yekurasikirwa kwefiber kurasikirwa inokanganisa zvakananga kureba kwekufambisa kweiyo optical fiber kutaurirana system kana chinhambwe pakati pezviteshi zvekudzosera. Fiber dispersion inoreva chokwadi chekuti chiratidzo chinofambiswa nefiber chinotakurwa neakasiyana ma frequency ezvikamu uye akasiyana modhi zvikamu, uye kumhanya kwekutapurirana kweakasiyana ma frequency ezvikamu uye akasiyana modhi zvikamu zvakasiyana, izvo zvinotungamira mukukanganisa chiratidzo.

Fiber dispersion yakakamurwa kuita kupararira kwezvinhu, waveguide dispersion uye modal dispersion. Mhando mbiri dzekutanga dzekupararira dzinokonzerwa nechiratidzo chisiri chenguva imwe chete, uye rudzi rwekupedzisira rwekupararira rwunokonzerwa nechiratidzo chisiri chimiro chimwe chete. Chiratidzo hachisi imwe modhi inokonzeresa kupararira kwemodhi.

Single-modhi faibha ine imwe chete yakakosha modhi, saka kune chete kupararira kwezvinhu uye waveguide dispersion, uye hapana modal dispersion. Iyo multimode fiber ine inter-mode dispersion. Kupararira kwefiber optical hakungokanganisa simba rekufambisa kweiyo optical fiber, asi zvakare inodzikamisa kure kure kure kweiyo optical fiber communication system.

Single mode fiber

Single-mode fiber (Single Mode Fiber), chiedza chinopinda mufayibha pane imwe kona yechiitiko, uye kuburitsa kwakazara kunoitika pakati pefayibha uye cladding. Kana dhayamita yakapfupiswa, nzira imwe chete yechiedza inobvumirwa kupfuura, kureva, imwe-mode fiber; Iyo yepakati girazi musimboti weiyo modhi faibha yakatetepa kwazvo, iyo yepakati dhayamita inowanzo 8.5 kana 9.5 μm, uye inoshanda pa1310 uye 1550 nm wavelengths.

Multimode fiber

Multi-mode fiber (Multi Mode Fiber) is a faibha inobvumira akawanda anotungamirwa modhi kutapurirana. Iyo yepakati dhayamita ye multimode fiber inowanzo 50μm/62.5μm. Nekuti iyo dhayamita yepakati yemultimode fiber yakakura, inogona kubvumira nzira dzakasiyana dzechiedza kuti dzifambiswe pane imwe fiber. Iwo akajairwa wavelengths yemultimode ndeye 850nm uye 1300nm zvakateerana. Kune zvakare itsva multimode fiber standard inonzi WBMMF (Wideband Multimode Fiber), inoshandisa wavelengths pakati pe850nm ne953nm.

Ose ari maviri-modhi faibha uye akawanda-modhi faibha ane cladding dhayamita ye125 μm.

Single-modhi faibha kana multi-modhi faibha?

Transmission distance

Idiki dhayamita yefiber ye-single-mode inoita kuti ratidziro iome, zvichibvumira nzira imwe chete yechiedza kufamba, kuitira kuti chiratidzo che optical chiende kure. Sezvo mwenje uchipfuura nepakati, kuwanda kwekuvhenekesa kwechiedza kunoderera, kudzikisa attenuation uye kukonzeresa kupararira kwechiratidzo. Nekuti haina inter-mode dispersion kana diki inter-mode dispersion, single-mode fiber inogona kufambisa makiromita makumi mana kana kupfuura pasina kukanganisa chiratidzo. Naizvozvo, single-mode fiber inowanzo shandiswa kuendesa data kure-kure uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakambani ekufonera uye tambo dzeTV vanopa nemayunivhesiti, nezvimwe.

Multimode fiber ine yakakura dhayamita musimboti uye inogona kufambisa mwenje mune dzakawanda modes. Mukufambisa kwema-multi-mode, nekuda kwehukuru hwepakati, kupararira kwe-inter-mode yakakura, kureva, chiratidzo chemaziso "chinopararira" nokukurumidza. Unhu hwechiratidzo huchaderedzwa panguva yekufambisa kure-kure, saka multi-mode fiber inowanzoshandiswa kune pfupi-kure, audio / video applications uye yemunharaunda nzvimbo network (LANs), uye OM3 / OM4 / OM5 multi-mode fiber inogona kutsigira yakakwirira. -kumhanyisa data kutapurirana.

Bandwidth, kukwanisa

Bandwidth inotsanangurwa sekukwanisa kutakura ruzivo. Chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa hupamhi hwe optical fiber transmission band ndeyekupararira kwakasiyana-siyana, iyo modal dispersion ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Kupararira kwe-single-mode fiber idiki, saka inokwanisa kufambisa mwenje mune yakakura frequency bhendi kwechinhambwe chakareba. Sezvo multi-mode fiber ichabudisa kupindira, kupindira uye mamwe matambudziko akaoma, hazvina kunaka se-single-mode fiber mu bandwidth uye kukwanisa. Chizvarwa chazvino chema-multi-mode fiber bandwidth OM5 yakaiswa ku28000MHz/km, nepo imwe-modhi fiber bandwidth yakakura zvakanyanya.