Kuburikidza nechiedza, tinogona kuona maruva akapoteredza nezvirimwa uye kunyange nyika. Kwete izvozvo zvoga, asi kuburikidza ne“chiedza”, tinogonawo kutumira mashoko, anonzi fiber-optic communication.” Magazini inonzi Scientific American” yakamboti: “Kukurukurirana nefiber chimwe chezvinhu zvina zvinokosha zvikuru kubvira Hondo Yenyika II. faibha-optic kutaurirana, pangadai pasina Internet uye nharembozha nhasi. ”
Optical fiber communication inzira yekukurukurirana iyo masaisai echiedza anoshandiswa semutakuri uye optical fibers kana optical fibers anoshandiswa senzira yekutapurirana.Mavambo e "chiedza" kutaurirana mupfungwa yemazuva ano inodzokera kufoni yemaziso yakagadzirwa naBell mu. 1880.The optical foni inosanganisira chiedza chemwenje wearc, maikorofoni inogamuchira chiedza chechiedza mukupindura inzwi, uye inogamuchira inodzorera chiratidzo chepakutanga chezwi.Nheyo ndeyokuti inzwi reanotumira rinoshandurwa kuva chiratidzo chemaziso. . Mushure mekutapurirana, mugamuchiri anodzokera kune chiratidzo chemagetsi, uye ipapo chiratidzo chemagetsi chinodzoserwa kune kufona kwezwi.
Kunyange zvazvo "chiedza" kutaurirana kune kutanga kwakanaka, asi kwenguva yakareba, fiber-optic communication technology haina kunyatsogadzirwa.Chekutanga, nokuti hapana chiedza chakakodzera chakawanikwa.Chechipiri, pakanga pasina nzira yakanaka yekutumira zviratidzo zvemaziso.In the 1960s, kuberekwa ruby lasers akafuridzirwa masayendisiti. MaLaser ane mabhenefiti ehutete spectrum, kutungamira kwakanaka, uye yakakwirira frequency uye chikamu chakafanana, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka sosi yefiber-optic communications.Muna 1966, muhwina weNobel Prize Gao Song akakurudzira kushandisa quartz glass fiber (kureva, optical fiber, inotaurwa nezvayo. Kubva padzidziso iyi, muna 1970, Corning Company yekuUnited States yakashandisa mamiriyoni makumi matatu emadhora ekuAmerica kugadzira masamples matatu emamita-30 efayibha, inova faibha yekutanga pasi rose ine inoshanda. kukosha kwefiber-optic communication. Panguva ino, tekinoroji yefiber yekutaurirana yakaunza muchirimo chebudiriro.
Optical fiber kutaurirana inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu, optical fiber, optical transmitter uye optical receiver. Nenguva pfupi, dhizaini yemagetsi inogona kushandura chiratidzo chepakutanga kuita chiratidzo chemaziso, chinopfuudzwa kune chinogashira chinogamuchira kuburikidza neiyo optical fiber chiteshi, uye pakupedzisira iyo yekuona inogamuchira inodzosera iyo yakagamuchirwa chiratidzo kune yekutanga chiratidzo.
Vanhu havana kushingirira kugadzira tekinoroji yefiber-optic yekutaurirana nekuti haina chete hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-zvakanakira asiwo kukwikwidza kwakasimba mune zveupfumi zvichienzaniswa neyakapfuura nzira dzekutaurirana.The optical carrier frequency yakashandiswa fiber-optic communication iri pahurongwa hwe100 THz, kure. kudarika kuwanda kwema microwaves kubva pa 1 GHz kusvika pa 10 GHz. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ruzivo rwekugona kutaura kwemaziso rwakakwirisa zvakapetwa ka10 000 pane zvema microwave systems. Pamusoro pezvo, fiber-optic communication inewo yakanaka anti-interference ability, yakadai se anti- ruzha rwekumashure uye kupindira kwe-anti-electromagnetic, iyo inogona kuvimbisa kuvanzika kwekutaurirana uye kuchengetedzeka kune imwe nhanho, uye saizi idiki uye nyore kuisa.
Nhasi, fiber-optic communication inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumatanho ekutaurirana, Internet, uye tambo dzeterevhizheni. Iri kusimukira munzira yekumhanya-mhanya, packetization, networking, uye njere, ichipinza hutsva hutsva mundima yekutaurirana.Zvisinei, nekukurumidza kusimuka kwekushandiswa kwenharembozha Internet, cloud computing, data hombe neInternet yezvinhu, the kuwedzera kwetraffic kunounzawo matambudziko makuru kunetiweki yeruzivo uye yekutaurirana, uye kugadzirisa dambudziko re "blowout kukura" yetiweki data kuyerera kuri kuita makwikwi epamusoro munzvimbo yepasi rose yeruzivo nekukurukurirana.
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