Kana bhodhi redunhu rinotengeswa, kazhinji harisi rekupa zvakananga simba kubhodhi redunhu paunenge uchitarisa kana bhodhi redunhu rinogona kushanda zvakajairika. Pane kudaro, tevera matanho ari pasi apa kuti uone kuti hapana dambudziko munhanho imwe neimwe uye ipapo simba parisina kunonoka.
Kana kubatana kwacho kwakarurama
Zvakakosha kutarisa dhiyabhorosi dhiyabhorosi. Cheki chekutanga chinotarisa kuti chip simba rekupa uye network node dzakanyorwa nemazvo. Panguva imwecheteyo, teerera kuti network nodes inopindirana. Imwe pfungwa inokosha ndeyekuputirwa kwepakutanga, rudzi rwepakiti, uye pini yepini yepakiti (yeuka: iyo pasuru haigone kushandisa iyo yepamusoro maonero, kunyanya kune asiri-pini mapakeji). Tarisa kuti wiring yakarurama here, kusanganisira miswires, waya shoma, uye dzimwe waya.
Kazhinji pane nzira mbiri dzekutarisa mutsara:
1. Chengetedza mashizha akaiswa maererano nedhiyabhorosi yedunhu, uye chengetedza masiketi akaiswa rimwe nerimwe maererano netambo wiring.
2. Maererano nedunhu chairo uye dhiyabhorosi dhizaini, tarisa mutsara nechikamu sepakati. Tarisa wiring yepini yega yega yepini uye tarisa kana nzvimbo yega yega iripo padhiyagiramu yedunhu. Kuti udzivise zvikanganiso, waya dzakatariswa dzinofanira kucherechedzwa kazhinji padhiyagiramu yedunhu. Zvakanakisa kushandisa pointer multimeter ohm block buzzer bvunzo kuyera zvakananga chikamu chepini, kuitira kuti iyo yakaipa wiring iwanikwe panguva imwe chete.
Kana magetsi emagetsi ari pfupi-circuited
Usashandise simba usati wagadzirisa, shandisa multimeter kuyera iyo impedance yekupinza yemagetsi. Iri idanho rinodikanwa! Kana iyo magetsi ipfupi-inotenderera, ichaita kuti magetsi apise kunze kana zvimwe zvakakomba mhedzisiro. Kana zvasvika kune chikamu chemagetsi, 0 ohm resistor inogona kushandiswa senzira yekugadzirisa. Usatengesa resistor usati wabatidza. Tarisa kuti magetsi emagetsi emagetsi akajairika usati watengesa chinopikisa kuPCB kuti usimbise iyo unit kumashure, kuitira kuti isaite kuti chip yeuniti iri kumashure ripiswe nekuti voltage yemagetsi haina kujairika. Wedzera maseketi ekudzivirira kune dhizaini yedunhu, sekushandisa kudzoreredza fuse uye zvimwe zvikamu.
Kuiswa kwechikamu
Kunyanya tarisa kana zvikamu zvepolar, senge light-emitting diodes, electrolytic capacitor, rectifier diodes, nezvimwewo, uye mapini etriode anoenderana. Kune iyo triode, iyo pini yepini yevagadziri vakasiyana vane basa rimwechete rakasiyanawo, zviri nani kuedza ne multimeter.
Vhura uye pfupi bvunzo kutanga kuona kuti hapazove nepfupi wedunhu mushure memagetsi. Kana mapoinzi ebvunzo akaiswa, unogona kuita zvakawanda nezvakaderera. Iko kushandiswa kwe0 ohm resistors dzimwe nguva kunobatsira kune yakakwirira-kumhanya yedunhu kuyedzwa. Iyo simba-pabvunzo inogona kungotangwa mushure mekunge bvunzo dzehardware dziri pamusoro dzisati dzapera magetsi.
Simba-pakuona
1. Simba rekuona:
Usamhanye kuyera zviratidzo zvemagetsi mushure mekuita simba, asi cherechedza kana pane zviitiko zvisina kujairika munharaunda, sekuti kune utsi, kunhuhwirira kusina kujairika, kubata pasuru yekunze yedunhu rakabatanidzwa, kana ichipisa, nezvimwe. pane abnormal phenomenon, dzima simba nekukasika, wobva wabatidza mushure mekugadzirisa dambudziko.
2. Static debugging:
Static debugging kazhinji inoreva iyo DC bvunzo yakaitwa pasina chiratidzo chekuisa kana chete yakatarwa nhanho chiratidzo. Iyo multimeter inogona kushandiswa kuyera kugona kweimwe neimwe poindi mudunhu. Nokuenzanisa nefungidziro yefungidziro, iyo yedunhu musimboti Ongorora uye kutonga kana iyo DC yekushanda mamiriro edunhu yakajairika, uye woona nekufamba kwenguva kuti zvikamu zvedunhu zvakakuvadzwa kana mune zvakakosha kushanda mamiriro. Nekutsiva mudziyo kana kugadzirisa maparamita edunhu, iyo DC inoshanda mamiriro edunhu inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
3. Dynamic debugging:
Dynamic debugging inoitwa pahwaro hweiyo static debugging. Zviratidzo zvakakodzera zvinowedzerwa kumagumo ekupinza kwedunhu, uye zviratidzo zvinobuda zveimwe neimwe test point inoonekwa sequentially maererano nekuyerera kwezviratidzo. Kana zviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki zvakawanikwa, zvikonzero zvinofanira kuongororwa uye zvikanganiso zvinofanira kubviswa. , Wobva wagadzirisa kusvika yazadzisa zvinodiwa.
Panguva yekuedzwa, haugone kuzvinzwa uri wega. Unofanira kugara uchicherechedza nerubatsiro rwechiridzwa. Paunenge uchishandisa oscilloscope, zviri nani kuseta iyo chiratidzo chekuisa modhi ye oscilloscope kune "DC" block. Kuburikidza neiyo DC yekubatanidza nzira, unogona kuona iyo AC uye DC zvikamu zveyakayerwa chiratidzo panguva imwe chete. Mushure mekugadzirisa, pekupedzisira tarisa kana zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvechivharo chebasa uye muchina wese (senge chiratidzo amplitude, waveform chimiro, hukama hwechikamu, kuwana, kupinza impedance uye kubuda impedance, nezvimwewo) zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Kana zvichidikanwa, wedzera kurudzira matunhu paramita Kugadziriswa kunonzwisisika.
Mamwe mabasa muelectronic circuit debugging
1. Sarudza mapoinzi ebvunzo:
Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekushanda weiyo system inofanirwa kugadziriswa, matanho ekumisikidza uye nzira dzekuyera dzinodhirowa, nzvimbo dzekuyedza dzakatemerwa, zvinzvimbo zvinomakwa padhirowa nemabhodhi, uye mafomu ekumisikidza data rekodhi anoitwa.
2. Gadzirisa bhenji rekushanda:
Iyo bhenji yebasa inoshongedzerwa neinodiwa debugging zviridzwa, uye midziyo inofanirwa kuve nyore kushanda uye nyore kuona. Chinyorwa chakakosha: Paunenge uchigadzira uye kugadzirisa, iva nechokwadi chekuronga bhenji rebasa rakachena uye rakachena.
3. Sarudza chombo chekuyeresa:
Kudunhu rehardware, chiyero chekuyera chinofanirwa kuve chiridzwa chekuyera chakasarudzwa, uye kurongeka kwechiyero chekuyera kunofanirwa kunge kuri nani pane iyo system iri kuedzwa; nokuda kwekugadzirisa software, microcomputer uye chigadzirwa chekusimudzira chinofanira kunge chakashongedzwa.
4. Debugging kutevedzana:
Iyo debugging kutevedzana kweyemagetsi dunhu rinowanzoitwa zvinoenderana nechiratidzo chekuyerera. Chiratidzo chekubuda chedunhu rakambogadziriswa chinoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekuisa chechikamu chinotevera kugadzira mamiriro ekugadzirisa kwekupedzisira.
5. Kutumwa kwese:
Kumaseketi edhijitari anoitwa pachishandiswa programmable logic madivayiri, kuisa, kugadzirisa, uye kudhawunirodha mafaera ekwakabva ezvirongwa zvinogoneka zvine musoro zvinofanirwa kupedzwa, uye maprogrammable logic madivayiri nemaseketi eanalogi anofanirwa kubatanidzwa musystem yekubvisa zvese nekuyedzwa kwemhedzisiro.
Chengetedzo mukugadzirisa debugging
Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yekukanganisa iri yechokwadi inobatwa zvakanyanya nekurongeka kwehuwandu hwekuyedza uye kurongeka kwebvunzo. Kuti uve nechokwadi chemhedzisiro yebvunzo, zvinodikanwa kudzikisira chikanganiso chebvunzo uye nekuvandudza chokwadi chebvunzo. Kuti izvi zviitike, ndapota teerera kune zvinotevera pfungwa:
1. Shandisa nzvimbo yepasi yechiridzwa chekuedza zvakarurama. Shandisa pasi-kugumisa kesi yemagetsi chiridzwa chekuedza. Iyo yepasi terminal inofanirwa kubatanidzwa kune iyo amplifier yepasi yekupedzisira. Zvikasadaro, kupindira kwakaunzwa nechokushandisa kesi hakungoshandure mamiriro ekushanda eamplifier, asi zvakare kukonzeresa zvikanganiso mumhedzisiro yebvunzo. . Zvinoenderana nemusimboti uyu, kana uchigadzirisa emitter bias circuit, kana zvichidikanwa kuti uedze Vce, migumo miviri yechiridzwa haifanirwe kunge yakabatana zvakananga kune muunganidzi uye emitter, asi Vc neVe zvinofanirwa kuyerwa zvakateerana pasi, uye kozoita vaviri Madiki. Kana iwe ukashandisa yakaoma bhatiri-powered multimeter yekuyedza, maviri ekuisa zviteshi zvemamita ari kuyangarara, saka unogona kubatanidza zvakananga pakati peyedzo mapoinzi.
2. Iyo yekupinza impedance yechiridzwa chinoshandiswa kuyera voltage inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura iyo yakaenzana impedance panzvimbo iri kuyerwa. Kana iyo impedance yekupinza yechiridzwa chekuyedza idiki, inokonzeresa shunt panguva yekuyerwa, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa kukuru kune bvunzo mhedzisiro.
3. Iyo bandwidth yechiridzwa chekuedza inofanira kuva yakakura kudarika bandwidth yedunhu iri pasi pekuedzwa.
4. Sarudza mapoinzi ebvunzo nemazvo. Kana iyo imwechete yekuedza chiridzwa ichishandiswa kuyera, kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekupikiswa kwemukati kwechiridzwa kuchave kwakasiyana zvakanyanya kana kuyerwa kwezviyero kwakasiyana.
5. Nzira yekuyera inofanira kunge iri nyore uye inogoneka. Kana zvichidikanwa kuyera ikozvino yedunhu, zvinowanzogoneka kuyera vhezheni panzvimbo yezvino, nekuti hazvidiwi kushandura dunhu pakuyera voltage. Kana iwe uchida kuziva kukosha kwazvino kwebazi, unogona kuiwana nekuyera voltage pane kushorwa kwebazi nekuishandura.
6. Munguva yekugadzirisa, kwete chete inofanira kunyatsocherechedza uye kuyerwa, asiwo kuva yakanaka pakurekodha. Izvo zvakarekodhwa zvemukati zvinosanganisira kuyedza mamiriro, akacherechedzwa zviitiko, akayerwa data, waveforms, uye chikamu hukama. Chete nekuenzanisa nhamba huru yeakavimbika marekodhi ekuyedza nemhedzisiro yedzidziso, tinogona kuwana matambudziko mudhizaini dhizaini uye nekuvandudza chirongwa chekugadzira.
Troubleshoot panguva debugging
Kuti uwane chikonzero chekukanganisa zvakanyatsonaka, usabvisa mutsara uye woidzorera zvakare kana kukanganisa kusingagoni kugadziriswa. Nekuti kana iri dambudziko musimboti, kunyangwe reinstallation haigadzirise dambudziko.
1. General nzira dzekuongorora kukanganisa
Nokuda kwegadziriro yakaoma, hazvisi nyore kunyatsotsvaga zvikanganiso muhuwandu hwezvikamu uye matunhu. Iyo general fault diagnosis process inobva pane chiitiko chekukundikana, kuburikidza nekudzokorora kuongororwa, kuongorora uye kutonga, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuwana kukanganisa.
2. Kukundikana zviitiko uye zvinokonzera
● Zvakajairwa kutadza chiitiko: Hapana chiratidzo chekupinza muamplifier wedunhu, asi kune yakabuda waveform. Iyo amplifier yedunhu ine chiratidzo chekuisa asi hapana inobuda waveform, kana waveform haina kujairika. Iwo akateedzana akadzorwa magetsi ekupa haana voltage inobuda, kana inobuda voltage yakawandisa kuti igadziriswe,kana iyo inobuda voltage regulation performance yadzikira, uye inobuda voltage haina kugadzikana. The oscillating circuit hainagadzira oscillation, iyo waveform yekaunda haina kugadzikana uye zvichingodaro.
● Chikonzero chekukundikana: Chigadzirwa chekufungidzira chinokundikana mushure menguva yekushandiswa. Inogona kunge yakakuvadzwa zvikamu, mapfupi-maseketi uye akavhurika maseketi, kana shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu.
Nzira yekuongorora kukundikana
1. Yakananga nzira yekutarisa:
Tarisa kana kusarudzwa uye kushandiswa kwechiridzwa kwakarurama, kana iyo nhanho uye polarity yemagetsi emagetsi inosangana nezvinodiwa; kana mapini echikamu chepolar akabatana nemazvo, uye kana paine kukanganisa kwekubatanidza, kushaikwa kwekubatana, kana kudhumhana. Kunyangwe iyo wiring inonzwisisika; kana iyo yakadhindwa bhodhi ipfupi-inotenderera, ingave kushorwa uye capacitance inopiswa uye yakatsemuka. Tarisa kuti zvikamu zvinopisa here, utsi, kana transformer ine coke kunhuwa, kana filament yeelectronic tube uye oscilloscope tube iripo, uye kana pane high-voltage ignition.
2. Shandisa multimeter kutarisa static yekushandisa poindi:
Iyo magetsi emagetsi sisitimu yedunhu remagetsi, iyo DC inoshanda mamiriro eiyo semiconductor triode, iyo yakasanganiswa block (inosanganisira chinhu, pini yemidziyo, magetsi emagetsi), uye kukosha kwekupokana mumutsara kunogona kuyerwa nemultimeter. Kana kukosha kwakayerwa kwakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune yakajairika kukosha, kukanganisa kunogona kuwanikwa mushure mekuongorora. Nenzira, iyo static inoshanda nzvimbo inogonawo kutariswa uchishandisa oscilloscope "DC" nzira yekuisa. Zvakanakira kushandisa oscilloscope ndezvekuti kuramba kwemukati kwakakwira, uye inogona kuona iyo DC inoshanda mamiriro uye chiratidzo waveform panzvimbo yakayerwa panguva imwe chete, pamwe chete nekugona kupindira masaini uye ruzha voltage, izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira. kuongorora kukanganisa.
3.Signal yekutevera nzira:
Kune akasiyana siyana akaomesesa maseketi, imwe amplitude uye yakakodzera frequency chiratidzo inogona kubatanidzwa kune yekuisa (semuenzaniso, kune yakawanda-nhanho amplifier, sinusoidal sinusoidal f, 1000 HZ inogona kubatanidzwa kune yayo yekuisa). Kubva padanho repamberi kusvika padanho rekuseri (kana zvinopesana), tarisa shanduko yewaveform uye amplitude nhanho nhanho. Kana chero nhanho isiri yakajairika, kukanganisa kuri padanho iroro.
4. Kusiyanisa nzira:
Kana paine dambudziko mudunhu, unogona kuenzanisa maparamendi edunhu iri neakaenzana akajairwa paramita (kana ne theoretically akaongororwa zvazvino, voltage, waveform, nezvimwewo) kuti uwane mamiriro asina kujairika mudunhu, wozoongorora nekuongorora. Sarudza pfungwa yekukundikana.
5. Zvikamu zvekutsiva nzira:
Dzimwe nguva kukanganisa kwakavanzwa uye hakugone kuonekwa nekungotarisa. Kana iwe uine chiridzwa cheiyo modhi yakafanana nechakashata chiridzwa panguva ino, unogona kutsiva zvikamu, zvikamu, plug-in mabhodhi, nezvimwewo mune chiridzwa chine zvikamu zvinoenderana zvechiridzwa chinokanganisa kufambisa kudzikisira Kukanganisa scope uye. tsvaga panobva kukanganisa.
6. Bypass nzira:
Kana paine parasitic oscillation, unogona kushandisa capacitor nehuwandu hwakakodzera hwevatakuri, sarudza cheki chakakodzera, uye kwekanguva batanidza capacitor pakati pekutarisa uye nzvimbo yekutarisa. Kana iyo oscillation ichinyangarika, inoratidza kuti iyo oscillation inogadzirwa pedyo neizvi kana nhanho yapfuura Mudunhu. Zvikasadaro ingori kumashure, fambisa cheki kuti uiwane. Iyo bypass capacitor inofanirwa kuve yakakodzera uye haifanirwe kunge yakakura, chero bedzi ichigona kubvisa zviri nani zviratidzo zvinokuvadza.
7. Short circuit nzira:
Kutora chikamu chedunhu chipfupi chedunhu kuti uwane kukanganisa. Iyo nzira yepfupi-yedunhu inonyanya kushanda pakutarisa zvikanganiso zvakavhurika. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti simba rekupa (dunhu) harigoni kupfupika.
8. Dimbura nzira:
Iyo yakavhurika yedunhu nzira inonyanya kushanda pakutarisa zvikanganiso zvepfupi. Iyo yekudimbura nzira zvakare inzira yekudzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma pasi inofungidzirwa kuti pane kukundikana. Semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekuti magetsi anogadziriswa akabatanidzwa kune dunhu rine chikanganiso uye inobuda ikozvino yakakura kwazvo, tinotora nzira yekubvisa rimwe bazi redunhu kuitira kuti titarise kukanganisa. Kana ikozvino inodzokera kune yakajairika mushure mekunge bazi rabviswa, kukanganisa kunoitika mubazi iri.