Iyo yechinyakare nhare network inotumira izwi nekuchinjana kwedunhu, uye inodiwa yekufambisa Broadband ndeye 64 k bit/s. Iyo inonzi VoIP yakavakirwa paIP packet switching network sechikuva chekutumira, Iyo analogi yezwi chiratidzo inomanikidzwa, yakarongedzwa uye yakatevedzana yakakosha kugadzirisa, kuitira kuti ishandise iyo yekubatanidza-shoma UDP protocol yekutumira.
Zvinhu zvakati wandei uye mabasa anodiwa kufambisa masaini ezwi pane IP network. Iyo yakapfava fomu yetiweki ine maviri kana anopfuura maturusi ane VoIP hunyanzvi akabatana kuburikidza neIP network.
1, Izwi-kune-data conversion
Chiratidzo chezwi chinonzi analog waveform, kuburikidza neIP nzira yekufambisa izwi, Ingave iri-chaiyo-nguva yekushandisa kana isiri-chaiyo-nguva application.Chekutanga, chiratidzo chekutaura chinofanira kushandurwa kune analog data, ndiko kuti, chiratidzo chekutaura kweanalog chinofanira. kuverengerwa ne8 kana 6 bits, uye yozotumirwa kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza buffer, saizi yebuffer inogona kusarudzwa zvinoenderana.kune kunonoka uye coding zvinodiwa. Mazhinji akaderera bit rate encoder akavakirwa pane furemu coding.
Yakajairika furemu kureba kubva pa10 kusvika ku30ms. Tichifunga nezve mutengo panguva yekufambisa, iyo interspeech packet inowanzo sanganisira 60, 120 kana 240ms yezwi data.Digitization inogona kuwanikwa.nekushandisa zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekodha yekutaura, chikuru chiri ITU-T G.711. Iyo encoder yezwi panzvimbo yainoenda inofanira kushandisa algorithm yakafanana kuitira kuti mudziyo wekutaura panzvimbo yaunoenda ugone kudzoreredza matauriro eanalogi.
2, iyo yekutanga data kune tiye IP kutendeuka
Kamwe chiratidzo chekutauraal is digitally encoded, nhanho inotevera ndeyekumanikidza uye encode yekutaura pakiti ine yakatarwa furemu kureba. Mazhinji encoders ane chaiyo furemu kureba. Kana encoder ikashandisa 15ms furemu, iyo 60ms package kubva kune yekutanga inopatsanurwa kuita mana mafuremu uye encoded muhurongwa. Imwe neimwe furemu ine zana nemakumi maviri ekutaura samples (sampling rate 8 kHz). Mushure me encoding, iwo mana akadzvanywa mafuremu anogadzirwa kuita akamanikidzwa kutaura pakiti uye anotumirwa mune network processor. Iyo network processor inowedzera packet misoro, timestamps, uye rumwe ruzivo kune izwi uye inotumira pamusoro petiweki kune imwe yekupedzisira.
Izwi retiweki rinongosimbisa kubatana kwemuviri (mutsara) pakati peiyo yekupedzisira yekutauriranas uye inotumira masaini encoded pakati pemagumo. Kusiyana nedunhu-kuchinjisa network, IP network haigadziri makabatana; pachinzvimbo, ivo vanoda kuti data iiswe mune akasiyana-urefu datagrams kana mapaketi, imwe neimwe inotumirwa pamusoro penetiweki ine kero uye kutonga ruzivo uye kuendeswa kubva kuchiteshi kuenda kune kwainoenda.
3. Kutamisa
Muchiteshi ichi, network yese inoonekwa sekugamuchira paketi yezwi kubva pane yekuisa uye yobva yaendesa kune network inobuda mukati meimwe nguva (t). t inogona kusiyanisa mune imwe yakazara yakazara, ichiratidza jitter mukufambiswa kwenetiweki.
Vezera vari munetiweki vanoongorora ruzivo rwekero rwakanamirwa kune yega IP pakiti uye shandisa ruzivo urwu kuendesa iyo datagraph kune inotevera chiteshi munzira inoenda kwairi kuenda. Mamburework link inogona kuva chero topology kana nzira yekuwana inotsigira IP data inoyerera.
4, IP package- datkutendeuka
Iyo yekuenda yeVoIP mudziyo inogamuchira iyi IP data uye inotanga kugadzirisa. Iyo network level inopa hurefu hwakasiyana buffer inoshandiswa kugadzirisa jitter inogadzirwa netiweki. Iyo buffer inogonagadzirisa akawanda ezwi mapaketi, uye vashandisi vanogona kusarudza saizi yebhafa. Madiki mabhafa anoburitsa kunonoka kudiki asi haakwanise kudzora jitter hombe. Kechipiri, decoder inoregedzera iyo encoded yekutaura package kuti ibudise nyowani yekutaura package. Iyi module inogona zvakare kushandirwa nefuremu, iyo yakanyatso kuenzana kureba neiyo decoder.
Kana furemu yakarebesa iri 15ms, mapakeji e60ms ekutaura anopatsanurwa kuita mafuremu mana, uye anobva atemwa kuita 60ms kutaura data stream uye anotumirwa mubhafa yekudhikodha. Panguva yeprokuguma kwedatagram, iyo kero uye yekudzora ruzivo inobviswa, uye yepakutanga data mbishi inochengetwa, iyo inozopihwa kune decoder.
5, Digital inzwi shandurasion kune analog voice
Mutyairi wekutamba anotora mapoinzi ekutaura (480) mubuffer uye oatumira kune kadhi rekurira, uye anoaparadzira kuburikidza nemutauri panguva yakatarwa (semuenzaniso, 8kHz). Muchidimbu, kufambiswa kwemasaini ezwi pamusoro peIP network kunopinda kuburikidza nekutendeuka kubva kune analog masaini kuenda kumasaini edhijitari, iyo encapsul.kuburitswa kwezwi redhijitari mumapaketi eIP, kutapurirana kweIP mapaketi kuburikidza netiweki, kuburitswa kweIP packets, uye kudzoreredzwa kwezwi redhijitari kumasaini eanalogi.
VOIP nderimwe rebhizimisi redu riri reONUakateedzana network zvigadzirwa, uye akakodzera anopisa network zvigadzirwa zvekambani yedu zvinofukidza akasiyana marudzi eONUakatevedzana zvigadzirwa, kusanganisira ACONU/ kutauriranaONU/ akangwaraONU/ bhokisiONU/ kaviri PON portsONU, etc. Zviri pamusoro apaONUseries zvigadzirwa zvinogona kushandiswa kunetiweki zvinodiwa zveakasiyana mamiriro. Kugamuchirwa kuti uve neruzivo rwakadzama rwehunyanzvi hwekunzwisisa kwezvigadzirwa.
