Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwakawanda uye budiriro yetekinoroji mune yakakodzera Hardware, software, maprotocol uye zviyero, kushandiswa kwakapararira kweVoIP kuchakurumidza kuitika. Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kusimukira munzvimbo idzi kwakabatsira mukugadzirwa kwetiweki yeVoIP inoshanda, inoshanda, uye isingashande. Iyo tekinoroji zvinhu zvinokurudzira kukurumidza kusimudzira uye kunyangwe kushandiswa kwakakura kweVoIP kunogona kupfupikiswa mune zvinotevera zvinhu.
1, Digital Signal processor
Advanced Digital Signal processors (DSPS) inoita mabasa akanyanya kusimba anodiwa pakubatanidza izwi nedata.DSP kugadziridzwa kwemasaini edhijitari kunonyanya kushandiswa kuita computations yakaoma iyo ingangozofanira kuitwa ne general-chinangwa CPU. Simba ravo rekugadzirisa rakasanganiswa nemutengo wakaderera rinoita kuti DSPS inyatsokodzera kuita masaini ekugadzirisa mabasa muVoIP masisitimu
Iyo computational overhead yeG.729 kudzvanya kwekutaura pane imwechete inzwi stream kazhinji yakakura, iyo inoda 20MIPS. Kana iyo yepakati CPU ichidikanwa kugadzirisa akawanda manzwi enzizi, kuita routing uye system manejimendi mabasa panguva imwe chete, hazvigoneke. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kweimwe kana kupfuura DSPS inogona kuregedza mabasa ekugadzirisa ezvakaoma kutaura kwekugadzirisa algorithm mukati mayo kubva pakati peCPU.Uyezve, DSPS inofanirwawo kuona basa rezwi uye echo kudzima mabasa, kuitira kuti vakwanise kugadzirisa izwi rezwi. stream in real time and have quickly access to the on-board memory .Saka,Muchitsauko chino, mashandisirwo ekutaura coding uye echo cancellation on TMS320C6201DSP platform inosumwa zvakadzama.
Protocols and standard Software and hardware H.323 Weighted fair queuing method DSP MPLS label switching weighted random early kuonekwa Advanced ASIC RTP, RTCP Double Funnel Universal Cell rate algorithm DWDM RSVP rated access Rate SONET Diffserv, CAR Cisco Fast Forwarding CPU Processing power G.729 , G.729a:CS-ACELP Yakawedzerwa Access Table ADSL, RADSL, SDSL FRF.11/FRF.12 token bucket algorithm Multilink PPP Frame Relay data rectification SIP Kubatanidzwa kwekutanga-based CoS Packet pamusoro peSONET IP uye ATM QoS/CoS
2, Yepamberi yakazvitsaurira yakabatanidzwa masekete
Iko kuvandudzwa kweApplication-Specific Integrated Circait (ASIC) yakagadzira inokurumidza, yakaoma uye yakawanda inoshanda ASIC. Asics inyanzvi yekushandisa machipisi anoita imwechete application kana diki seti yemabasa. Nekutarisa pane yakamanikana application tarisiro, ivo vanogona kukwidziridzwa zvakanyanya kune chaiyo basa uye kazhinji imwe kana akati wandei maodha ehukuru nekukurumidza Sezvakaderedzwa kuraira Seta komputa (RSIC) machipi anotarisa pakuita nhamba shoma yekushanda nekukurumidza, ASICS inofanorongwa. kuita nhamba shoma yemabasa nekukurumidza. Kana yangogadzirwa, ASIC kugadzirwa kwehuwandu haina kudhura uye inoshandiswa kunetiweki zvishandiso zvinosanganisiraroutersuye maswichi, kuita routing table checking, kuendesa mberi nemapoka, kurongedza nekutarisa, nekuita mitsara. Iko kushandiswa kweASIC kunopa mudziyo kuita kwepamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera. Ivo vanopa yakawedzera Broadband uye nani QoS rutsigiro kunetiweki, saka vanoita basa guru mukusimudzira VoIP budiriro.
3, IP yekufambisa tekinoroji
Mazhinji ekutumira telecom network anoshandisa iyo nguva yekupatsanura multiplexing modhi, nepo iyo Internet inofanirwa kutora nhamba yekushandisa zvakare uye refu packet exchange mode. Kuenzaniswa neaviri, iyo yekupedzisira ine yakanyanya kushandiswa mwero wetiweki zviwanikwa, nyore uye inobudirira kubatanidza uye kutaurirana, uye yakakodzera kwazvo masevhisi edata, chinova chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekukurumidza kukura kweInternet. Nekudaro, Broadband IP network kutaurirana inoisa pamberi zvakakomba zvinodikanwa paQoS uye kunonoka maitiro, saka kuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakasiyana hurefu hwepaketi yekuchinja tekinoroji kwakwezva vanhu kutarisa. Parizvino, kuwedzera kune chizvarwa chitsva che IP protocol-ipv6, iyo World Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) yakurudzira Multi-protocol Label Switching tekinoroji (MPLS), inova rudzi rwelabel/label switching tekinoroji yakavakirwa pane network layer. routing, iyo inogona kuvandudza kuchinjika kwenzira, kuwedzera iyo network layer routing kugona, kurerutsa kubatanidzwa kweroutersuye cell switching. Kuvandudza Network Performance. MPLS haigone kungoshanda seyakazvimirira nzira yenzira, asi zvakare kuenderana neiyo iripo network routing protocol. Iyo inotsigira akasiyana mashandiro, manejimendi uye kuchengetedza mabasa eIP network, uye inovandudza zvakanyanya iyo QoS, routing uye kusaina mashandiro eIP network kutaurirana, kusvika kana kusvika padanho rehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hweFixed Length packet switching (ATM). Iri nyore, inoshanda zvakanyanya, yakachipa uye inoshanda kupfuura ATM.
IETF iri kushandawo pamaitiro matsva ekugadzirisa mapaketi panzvimbo yekugonesa QoS nzira. Tunneling tekinoroji iri kudzidzwa kuitira kuti iwane Broadband kutapurirana pane unidirectional link. Mukuwedzera, nzira yekusarudza IP network transmission platform inzvimbo inokosha yekutsvakurudza mumakore achangopfuura, uye IP pamusoro peATM, IP pamusoro peSDH, IP pamusoro peDWDM uye mamwe matekinoroji akaonekwa akatevedzana.
IP layer inopa yakakwira-mhando IP yekuwana masevhisi ane mamwe masevhisi anovimbisa kune IP vashandisi. Mushandisi wemushandisi anopa fomu yekuwana (IP access uye Broadband access) uye fomu yehuwandu hwebasa.Munheyo yepasi, Ethernet ndiyo yemuviri wePI network, inyaya yechokwadi, asi IP overDWDM ndiyo teknolojia yemazuva ano, uye ine huru. budiriro inogona.
Dense Wave Division MultipLexing (DWDM) yakafemera hupenyu hutsva mumafiber network uye yakapa zvinoshamisa bandwidth mumakambani enharembozha 'netiweki nyowani dzefiber backbone. DWDM tekinoroji inoshandisa kugona kweoptical fibers uye advanced optical transmission equipment. Iro zita rekuti wave division multiplexing rinobva mukufambiswa kweakawanda wavelengths yechiedza (LASER) kubva kune imwechete tambo ye optical fiber. Masisitimu azvino anokwanisa kutumira uye kuona 16 wavelengths, nepo masisitimu emangwana anogona kutsigira 40 kusvika 96 akazara wavelengths. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti yega yega yavelength inowedzera inowedzera kuyerera kweruzivo. Saka iyo 2.6 Gbit/s (OC-48) network inogona kuwedzerwa ka16 pasina kuisa mafibhi matsva.
Mazhinji matsva fiber network anomhanya OC-192 pa (9.6 Gbit / s), ichigadzira simba pamusoro pe150 Gbit / s pane imwe fiber kana yakabatanidzwa neDWDM.Pakuwedzera, DWDM inopa interface protocol uye kukurumidza kuzvimiririra maitiro, mune fiber inogona. tsigira ATM, SDH uye Gigabit Ethernet chiratidzo chekufambisa panguva imwe chete, saka inogona kuwirirana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakavakwa ikozvino, saka DWDM haigoni kungodzivirira zvivakoti zviripo, asiwo inogona kupa simba rakasimba remusana we ISP. uye makambani ekufonera ane bandwidth yakakura. Uye ita kuti Broadband idhure uye iwanikwe, iyo inopa rutsigiro rwakasimba kune bandwidth zvinodiwa zveVoIP mhinduro.
Iyo yakawedzera yekutapurirana mwero haingogone kupa pombi yakakora ine mukana mudiki wekuvharira, asi zvakare kuita kuti kunonoka kuderera zvakanyanya, uye nekudaro kunogona kuderedza zvinodikanwa zveQoS paIP network kusvika pamwero mukuru.
4. Broadband kuwana tekinoroji
Kuwanikwa kwemushandisi kweIP network kwave bhodhoro rinorambidza kuvandudzwa kwetiweki yese. Mukufamba kwenguva, chinangwa chekupedzisira chekushandisa mushandisi ndeye fiber-to-the-imba (FTTH). Kutaura zvakafara, optical access network inosanganisira optical digital loop carrier system uye passive optical network. Iyo yekare inonyanya kuUnited States, yakasanganiswa nemuromo wakashama V5.1 / V5.2, inotumira hurongwa hwayo hwekubatanidza pane optical fiber, ichiratidza simba guru. Iwo ekupedzisira ari kunyanya muJapan neGermany. Japan yakaramba ichitsvaga kweanopfuura makore gumi, uye yakatora akatevedzana matanho ekudzikisa mutengo we passive optical network kusvika padanho rakafanana netambo dzemhangura nesimbi dzakamonyoroka-pairi waya, uye nhamba huru yekushandisa. Kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura, ITU yakaronga ATM yakavakirwa Passive Optical Network (APON), iyo inosanganisa zvakanakira ATM uye passive optical network. Chiyero chekuwana chinogona kusvika 622M bit/s, iyo inobatsira zvikuru mukuvandudzwa kwebroadband IP multimedia masevhisi, uye inogona kuderedza chiyero chekutadza uye nhamba yemanodhi, uye kuwedzera nzvimbo yekuvhara. Parizvino, ITU yapedza basa rekumisa, uye vagadziri vakasiyana-siyana vari kushingaira kuigadzira. Munguva pfupi iri kuuya kuchave nezvigadzirwa pamusika, uye ichave iyo huru yekuvandudza nzira yebroadband yekuwana tekinoroji yakatarisana nezana ramakore rechi21.
Parizvino, matekinoroji makuru ekuwana ndeaya: PSTN, IADN, ADSL, CM, DDN, X.25, Ethernet uye Broadband wireless access system. Aya matekinoroji ekuwana ane hunhu hwawo, pakati peiyo inokurumidza kukura ndeye ADSL neCM; CM (Cable Modem) inotora coaxial tambo ine yakakwirira yekutapurirana mwero uye yakasimba yekudzivirira-kukanganisa kugona; asi kwete nzira mbiri, hapana chiyero chakabatana.
ADSL(Asymmetrical Digital Loop) inopa mukana wakasarudzika kune Broadband, inoshandisa zvizere network iripo yenhare, uye inopa asymmetric transmission rate. Mwero wekurodha padivi remushandisi unogona kusvika 8 Mbit/s, uye mwero wekurodha padivi remushandisi unogona kusvika 1M bit/s. ADSL inopa Broadband inodiwa kumabhizinesi uye vashandisi vega, uye inoderedza zvakanyanya mutengo. Uchishandisa yakaderera-mutengo ADSL matunhu maseketi, makambani anogona ikozvino kuwana Internet uye Internet service provider-based VPN nekumhanya kwakanyanya, zvichibvumira yepamusoro VoIP yekufona.
5. Central processing unit teknolojia
Central processing units (cpus) inoramba ichishanduka maererano nekushanda, simba, uye kukurumidza. Izvi zvinoita kuti multimedia PCS ishandiswe zvakanyanya uye inovandudza mashandiro esystem mabasa ayo anoganhurirwa neCPU simba. Iko kugona kwePCS kubata kutenderera odhiyo uye vhidhiyo data kwagara ichitarisirwa kubva kune vashandisi, saka kuunza manzwi ekufona pamusoro pedata network raive danho rinotevera rine musoro. Iyi computational kugona inogonesa ese ari maviri epamusoro multimedia desktop desktop uye maficha epamberi muzvikamu zvetiweki kutsigira maapplication ezwi.
VOIP ndeyeduONUakateedzana network zvigadzirwa mubhizinesi, uye yakakodzera inopisa network zvigadzirwa zvekambani yedu zvinofukidza akasiyana marudzi eONUseries, kusanganisira ACONU/ kutauriranaONU/ akangwaraONU/ bhokisiONU/ kaviri PON portONU, nezvimwewo.
Zviri pamusoroONUseries zvigadzirwa zvinogona kushandiswa kunetiweki zvinodiwa zveakasiyana mamiriro. Kugamuchirwa kuti uve neruzivo rwakadzama rwehunyanzvi hwekunzwisisa kwezvigadzirwa.
