Qalabka indhaha waa nooc ka mid ah qalabka isku xirka shabakada si loo xaqiijiyo beddelka signalka sawir-qaadista, transponder-kuna waa nooc ka mid ah qalabka isku xirka shabakada si loo xaqiijiyo kor u qaadista calaamadaha indhaha iyo beddelka hirarka dhererka. Inkasta oo module indhaha iyo transponder labadaba ku salaysan mabda'a beddelka photoelectric iyo xaqiijin karaa beddelka photoelectric, laakiin shaqada iyo codsiga waa ka duwan yahay, oo aan midba midka kale bedeli karaa. Maqaalkani wuxuu kuu sheegi doonaa farqiga u dhexeeya modules indhaha iyo beddelayaasha si faahfaahsan.
Qalabka isgaarsiinta ee gudbinta iyo helitaanka calaamadaha indhaha, moduleka indhaha waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa nidaamyada isgaarsiinta fiber optic sida xarunta xogta, shabakadda ganacsiga, xisaabinta daruuraha, iyo FTTX. Caadi ahaan, modules-yada indhaha waxay taageeraan isweydaarsiga kulul, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo booska moduleka ee furayaasha shabakadaha, server-yada iyo qalabka kale ee shabakada. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira noocyo badan oo modules indhaha ah ee suuqa, sida 1G SFP, 10 GSFP+, 25G SFP 28,40G QSFP+, 100G QSFP,28,400G QSFP-DD modules indhaha, iwm. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah. jumpers fiber indhaha ama fiilooyinka shabakada si loo xaqiijiyo gudbinta shabakada masaafo kala duwan, oo u dhaxaysa 30km ilaa 160km. Intaa waxaa dheer, moduleka indhaha ee BiDi wuxuu gudbin karaa oo ku heli karaa calaamadaha iyada oo loo marayo hal fiber indhaha, si wax ku ool ah u fududeeya fiilooyinka, hagaajinta awoodda shabakada, iyo dhimista kharashka kaabayaasha fiilooyinka. Sidoo kale, Qaybaha indhaha ee taxanaha WDM (ie, CWDM iyo DWDM modules indhaha) waxay sidoo kale dib u isticmaali karaan calaamadaha hirarka dhererka kala duwan ee isku fiber indhaha, sida caadiga ah lagu arko shabakadaha WDM/OTN.
Transponder, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan beddelaha hirarka dhaadheer ee korantada ama dib-u-habeeyaha indhaha, waa beddelaha warbaahinta fiber-ka indhaha ee isku-dhafan gudbiyaha iyo qaataha. Waxay ballaarin kartaa masaafada gudbinta shabakadda iyadoo u rogi doonta hirarka dhererka iyo weyneynta awoodda indhaha, waxayna leedahay shaqada xoojinta isku dheelitiran, soo saarista waqtiga iyo aqoonsiga calaamadaha indhaha ee dib loo cusbooneysiiyay. Maalmahan, transponders-ka caadiga ah ee suuqa waa 10G / 25G / 100G, waxaana ka mid ah. 10G / 25G repeater garwaaqsan kara beddelka fiber indhaha (sida laba-laab fiber hal-hab beddelka hal-fiber bi-jiho), beddelka nooca fiber (multi-mode fiber indhaha galay fiber-hal-mode fiber indhaha) iyo kor u qaadida signal indhaha (iyado beddelo Mawjada dhererka caadiga ah ee ishaarada indhaha si waafaqsan ITU-T qeexidda hirarka dhererka si loo gaaro dib u soo kabashada, qaabaynta iyo dib u habeynta saacada; Caadi ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa iyadoo lagu daray EDFA fiber optic amplifier iyo magdhawga kala firdhiya DCM, Si balaadhan loogu isticmaalo MAN, shabakadaha WDM, Gaar ahaan shabakadaha DWDM ee fog-fog. 100G-soo-celinta (ie 100G multiplexing repeater) waxaa inta badan loo sameeyay gudbinta 10G/40G/100G si loogu beddelo is-dhexgal indho-indhayn oo kala duwan si dabacsanaan leh. Taasi waa in la yiraahdo, 100G repeater wuxuu taageeri karaa isku-dhafka dabacsan ee 10 GbE, 40 GbE iyo 100 GbE, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa shabakada ganacsiga, shabakada beerta, isku xirka xarunta xogta weyn, MAN iyo qaar ka mid ah codsiyada fog.
Midka kore, moduleka indhaha iyo soo-celinta labaduba waxay u rogi karaan calaamadaha korantada calaamadaha indhaha, laakiin farqiga u dhexeeya labadu waa:
1. Module-ka indhaha waa interface serial, gudbiya oo hel calaamadaha gudaha moduleka indhaha, halka ku celiyaha uu yahay mid isku mid ah waana in uu u dhigmaa moduleka indhaha si loo xaqiijiyo gudbinta calaamadaha. Module-ka indhaha, hal dhinac ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu gudbiyo calaamadaha, dhinaca kalena waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu helo calaamadaha.
2. In kasta oo moduleka indhaha uu ogaan karo beddelka koronto-dhaliyaha, transponder-ku wuxuu beddeli karaa calaamadaha sawir-qaadista ee hirarka kala duwan.
3. Inkasta oo beddeluhu uu sidoo kale si fudud u xamili karo calaamadaha isbarbardhigga ee hooseeya, wuxuu leeyahay cabbir weyn iyo isticmaalka awoodda sare marka loo eego moduleka indhaha.
Marka la soo koobo, transponder-ka waxaa loo arki karaa inuu yahay moduleka indhaha ee la kala furfuray, wuxuu dhameystirayaa gudbinta shabakadda WDM ee fog oo moduleka indhaha uusan karin.
Shenzhen HDV Phoelectron Technology Ltd. wax soo saarka gaarka ah ee saarayaasha moduleka indhaha. Kaliya maahaONUtaxane,OLTtaxane,beddelotaxane, dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee modules waa la heli karaa, Kuwa u baahan in ay soo booqdaan oo ay ogaadaan in ka badan waa la soo dhaweynayaa.
