Isgaadhsiinta Fiber-optic (FTTx) ayaa had iyo jeer loo arkaa habka gelitaanka ballaadhan ee ballaadhineed ee ugu rajada badan ka dib gelitaanka ballaadhan ee DSL. Si ka duwan isgaadhsiinta lamaanaha qaloocan ee caadiga ah, waxay leedahay soo noqnoqoshada hawlgalka sare iyo awood weyn (waxay ku salaysnaan kartaa isticmaalayaashu u baahan yihiin inay u cusboonaysiiyaan bandwidth gaar ah oo ah 10-100Mbps), yarayn yar, faragelin koronto oo xoog leh ma jirto, awood garaaca garaaca elektromagnetic xoog leh, sir wanaagsan iyo sidaas oo kale.
Isgaarsiinta Fiber Broadband (FTTx) waxaa ku jira qaabab kala duwan oo loo heli karo sida FTTP caadiga ah (Fiber to the Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fiber to Building, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fiber to the Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN (Fiber to the Neighborhood), FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fiber to the Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fiber ilaa Xafiiska, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH ( Fiber ilaa Guriga, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH waa doorashada ugu fiican ee fiber si toos ah guriga loo galo
Isticmaalayaal badan oo guriga ah, FTTH ayaa ah doorashada ugu fiican. Foomkan wuxuu isku xiri karaa fiber-ka indhaha iyo unugga shabakadda indhahaONU) si toos ah guriga. Waa noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah gelitaanka fiber-balaadhan marka laga reebo FTTD (fiber to desktop, FiberToTheDesk). Qaabka gelitaanka fiber-ka ee ugu dhow isticmaalaha.Iyadoo guud ahaan qaabka gelitaanka fibre-gaaban, waa in la ogaadaa in gelitaanka FTTH ee hadda jira aysan si fudud u tixraacin fiber-ka guriga, oo guud ahaan loo tixraacayo fiber kala duwan. Foomamka gelitaanka guriga sida FTTO, FTTD, iyo FTTN.
Intaa waxaa dheer, akhristuhu waa inuu fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaa farqiga u dhexeeya "FTTx+LAN (fiber + LAN)" ee hadda jira "FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN)" nidaamka helitaanka balakoonka ee fahamka FTTH. -10Mbps ilaa guriga" iyadoo la adeegsanayo fiber +5 qaab lammaane qalloocan -beddeloiyo xafiiska dhexebeddeloiyo unugga shabakada indhahaONUMarka la isku xidho, unugu waxa uu isticmaalayaa qaybta 5-aad ee kaabis-maroojineed, iyo heerka gelitaanka isticmaaluhu waxa uu gaadhi karaa 1-10Mbps.
Si ka duwan nidaamka bandwidth gaarka ah ee qoyska kaliya ee FTTH, xadhkaha xawaaraha FTTx+LAN waxaa wadaaga isticmaaleyaal ama qoysas badan. Marka ay jiraan isticmaaleyaal badan oo la wadaago, xawaaraha xawliga ama xawaaraha shabakada ee FTTx+LAN way adagtahay in la dammaanad qaado.
Heerka farsamada FTTH
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxay u muuqataa in bandwidth-gaar ah ADSL2 + iyo FTTH ay noqdeen isbeddelka guud ee horumarinta ballaaran ee mustaqbalka. Tiknoolajiyada FTTH, ka dib APON (ATMPON), waxaa hadda jira heerka GPON (GigabitPON) ee ay soo saartay ITU / FSAN, iyo laba heer oo EPON (EthernetPON) ah oo ay soo saareen kooxda shaqada ee IEEE802.3ah ayaa tartamaya.
Tignoolajiyada GPON waa jaangooyo isku-dhafan oo indho-indhayn ah oo ballaadhan oo cusub oo ku salaysan heerka ITU-TG.984.x. Xakamaynta xawaaraha la heli karo waa qiyaastii 1111 Mbit/s. Inkasta oo tignoolajiyadu ay adag tahay, waxay leedahay xajmi sare, waxtar sare leh, dabool weyn iyo isticmaalayaasha. Faa'iidooyinka is-dhexgalyada qaninimada leh waxay u arkaan qaar ka mid ah hawl-wadeennada Yurub iyo Ameerika inay yihiin tignoolajiyada ugu habboon ee adeegyada shabakadda marin-u-helidda ballaaran.
Xalka EPON wuxuu leeyahay miisaan wanaagsan wuxuuna xaqiijin karaa qaabab kala duwan oo fiber-ilaa-guriga ah
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) sidoo kale waa nooc cusub oo ah tignoolajiyada helitaanka fiber-ka. Xawaaladaha gudbinta kor u kaca ee waxtarka leh waa 1000 Mbit/s. Waxay qabataa qaab-dhismeedka dhibic-ilaa-multipoint iyo gudbinta fibre-gaab indhaha ah, waxayna ku siin kartaa noocyo badan oo Ethernet ah. Ganacsigu wuxuu isku daraa faa'iidooyinka tignoolajiyada PON iyo tignoolajiyada Ethernet, oo leh qiime jaban, xajmiyeed sare, miisaan xoog leh, ku habboonaanta wanaagsan ee Ethernet jira, iyo maarayn fudud. Waxaa laga isticmaalaa Aasiya, sida Shiinaha iyo Japan. Aad u ballaaran.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee nidaamka fiber PON ka ka kooban yahayOLT(Terminalka khadka indhaha, Terminalka khadka indhaha), POS (Passive Optical Splitter),ONU(Cutubka Shabakadda indhaha) iyo nidaamka maamulka shabakadda
Qaabka FTTH
Marka la eego hawlaha gaarka ah, theOLTwaxaa la dhigayaa xafiiska dhexe ee ISP wuxuuna mas'uul ka yahay isku xirka, maareynta, iyo dayactirka kanaalka kanaalka. Masaafada ugu badan ee gudbinta ee u dhaxaysaOLTiyoONUwaxay gaari kartaa 10-20km ama ka badan. TheOLTWaxay leedahay hawlo kala duwan si ay u tijaabiso masaafada macquulka ah ee u dhaxaysa mid kastaONUiyoOLT, iyo si waafaqsan,ONUwaxaa la faray in la hagaajiyo daahitaanka gudbinta calaamadaha si uu u sameeyo wax ka duwan. Calaamadaha uu gudbiyoONUsMasaafada ayaa si sax ah loo isku dhufsan karaa marka la joogoOLT.OLTaaladaha guud ahaan sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin shaqo qoondaynta bandwidth ah, kaas oo u qoondayn kara bandwidth gaar ah by theOLTiyadoo loo eegayo baahiyahaONU. Intaa waxaa dheer, theOLTqalabku waxa uu leeyahay sifada xudunta bar-to-multipoint, iyo aOLTqaadi kara 32ONUs(ka dibna waa la kordhin karaa), iyo dhammaanONUsmid walba hoostiisaOLTla wadaag bandwidth 1G iyada oo loo marayo qaybinta wakhtiga isku dhufashada, taas oo ah, mid kastaONUwaxay bixin kartaa sare iyo hoose Xajmiga ugu badan waa 1 Gbps.
Kala qaybiyaha fibre-gaaban ee POS, qaybiye ama qaybiye, waa aalad dadban oo isku xirtaOLTiyoONU. Shaqadeedu waa in ay u qaybiso gelinta (hoos) calaamadaha indhaha ee dekado badan oo wax soo saar leh, taas oo awood u siinaysa isticmaaleyaal badan oo hal fiber ah ayaa la wadaaga si ay u wadaagaan xajmiga; jihada kore, badanONUCalaamadaha indhaha ayaa waqti-qaybin lagu dhufto hal fiber.
ONUguud ahaan waxay leedahay 1-32 100M dekedood waxaana lagu xidhi karaa terminal shabakadeedyo kala duwan
TheONUwaa aalad ay UE isticmaasho si ay u gasho isticmaalaha dhamaadka ama marinkabeddelo. Hal fiber optic-ga ah ayaa wakhti ku kordhin kara xogta badanONUsmid ka mid ahOLTdekedda iyada oo loo marayo kala qaybinta indhaha dadban. Sababo la xiriira topology-ka-ilaa-multipoint geed topology, maalgelinta aaladda isu geynta waa la dhimay, iyo heerka shabakad sidoo kale waa cad yahay. Inta badan.ONUqalabku waxay leeyihiin qaarbeddelohawlaha. Isku-xidhka kor-u-qaadista waa isku-xidhka PON. Waxay ku xiran tahay guddiga interface eeOLTqalab iyada oo loo marayo kala qaybiyaha indhaha dadban. Xiriirinta hoose waxay ku xiran tahay 1-32 100-Gigabit ama Gigabit RJ45. Qalabka xogta, sidafurayaasha, broadbandrouter, kombiyuutarada, telefoonada IP-ga, sanduuqyada set-top, iwm., awood u geynta dhibic-ilaa-multipoint.
Sida qoyska dhexdiisa loogu xidho
Guud ahaan, FTTH ilaaONUQalabka terminalku wuxuu bixin doonaa ugu yaraan afar 100M RJ45 interfaces. Isticmaalayaasha haysta afar kombuyuutar oo ay ku xiran yihiin kaarar shabakadeed oo fiilo leh, waxay dabooli karaan baahida kombiyuutarada badan ee wadaaga gelitaanka internetka ee guriga. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadaha FTTH ee isticmaalaya IP firfircoon, isticmaalayaashu waxay sidoo kale ku xiri karaanfurayaashaama AP-yada bilaa-waayirka ah ee balaadhinta shabakadaha fiilooyinka iyo wirelesska ah haddii loo baahdo.
Broadband haddarouterwaxay si buuxda u taageeri kartaa xalalka gelitaanka FTTH
Terminalka FTTH ee bixiya kaliya 100M RJ45 interface iyadoo la adeegsanayo IP go'an, waxaa lagu kordhin karaa balaastikrouterama wirelessrouter.In goobta, kaliya in interface dejinta WEB ee ahrouter, hel ikhtiyaarka "WAN port", dooro nooca isku xirka WAN ee qaabka "IP", ka dibna geli cinwaanka IP-ga iyo subnet-ka ay bixiso ISP ee soo socota. Maaskarada, albaabka iyo ciwaanka DNS dhamaantood waa sax.
Intaa waxaa dheer, isticmaalayaasha xayeysiiska la iibsadayrouterama wirelessrouterwaa in loo isticmaalo sida abeddeloama wireless AP ee shabakada FTTH. U fiirso qodobadan soo socda markaad dejinayso: Si aad u isticmaasho siligaroutersida abeddeloama AP wireless-ka, ka geli furaha lamaanaha qalloocan ee ka soo baxaONUaaladda si toos ah u gelisa interface kasta oo ku taal dekedda LAN ee router-ka. Bogga maamulka eerouter, dami shaqada server-ka DHCP ee sida caadiga ah u furmay. Deji ciwaanka IP-ga eerouteriyoONUqalab isticmaalaya IP dynamic sida qaybta isku midka ah ee shabakada.
Maaddaama gelitaanka fiber-ku ay bixiso xaddi aan xadidnayn, Fiber to the Home (FTTH) waxaa loo yaqaanaa "boqorka" waayihii balaarineed waana himilada ugu dambeysa ee horumarka ballaaran. Ka dib marka fiber-ka la keeno guriga, xawaaraha internetka ee isticmaalaha si weyn ayaa loo kordhin karaa mar kale. Waxay qaadataa dhowr ilbiriqsi oo keliya in la soo dejiyo filim DVD ah oo 500MB ah, kaas oo toban jeer ka dhaqso badan xalka ADSL ee hadda. Iyada oo si joogto ah loo dhimay qiimaha kacsiga FTTH, iftiinka guriga ayaa ka wareegaya riyo ilaa xaqiiqada.