Habka qoondaynta martigeliyaha firfircoon ee HCP waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa gelitaanka internetka maalin kasta, sida internetka gurigarouterwaa server-ka DHCP. Marka aan u dejino macmiilka inuu si toos ah u helo ciwaanka IP-ga, server-ka DHCP waxa uu ku meeleeyaa ciwaanka IP-ga macmiilka si waafaqsan nidaamka DHCP.ONUWaxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa sidii adeegayaasha DHCP.
Xeerka DHCP wuxuu si toos ah u qoondeeyaa baakadaha IP ee afar nooc oo waaweyn:
DHCP Discover: U soo dir macmiilku si uu u ogaado serfarka DHCP.
Bixinta DHCP: Waxaa soo dira serverka DHCP, u sheega macmiilka inaan bixin karo ciwaanka IP-ga.
Codsiga DHCP: U soo diro macmiilku wuxuu u sheegaa server-ka DHCP ee u dhigma inaan u baahanahay cinwaanka IP-ga.
DHCP ACK: Waxaa soo saaray server-ka DHCP si uu u bixiyo ciwaanka IP-ga ee jawaabta macmiilka.
Siidaynta DHCP: Guud ahaan, macmiilka waa la xidhay ama offline. Fariintani waxay sababi doontaa in server-ka DHCP uu sii daayo ciwaanka IP-ga ee macmiilka soo diray fariintan.
Ogeysiinta DHCP: Waa fariin uu soo diray macmiilku kaas oo ka codsanaya macluumaad server-ka.
HoosCP DHCP: Marka macmiilku ogaado in ciwaanka IP-ga ee server-ku u qoondeeyay aan la heli karin (sida ciwaanka IP-ga oo khilaafsan), fariintan ayaa la soo saaray iyada oo lagu wargelinayo server-ka ka soo horjeeda isticmaalka ciwaanka IP-ga.
Inta lagu jiro isgaarsiinta DHCP, UDP waxaa loo isticmaalaa habka gudbinta. Martigeliyaha waxa uu codsi u soo diraa serverka DHCP 67 oo seerfarku waxa uu fariinta uga jawaabayaa dekeda martida loo yahay 68.
1. Marxaladda daahfurka, halkaasoo macmiilka DHCP uu raadiyo server-ka DHCP (DHCPdiscover)
Macmiilka DHCP waxa uu soo diraa DHCPdiscover macluumaadka si uu u helo server-ka DHCP ee habka baahinta (maxaa yeelay ciwaanka IP-ga ee serfarka DHCP lama yaqaan macmiilka), taas oo ah, macluumaadka baahinta gaarka ah ciwaanka 255.255.255.255. Martigeliye kasta oo ku jira shabakada leh borotokoolka TCP/IP wuxuu heli doonaa fariintan baahinta, laakiin kaliya server-ka DHCP ayaa ka jawaabi doona.
2. Marxaladda bixinta, halkaasoo server-ka DHCP uu bixiyo ciwaanka IP-ga (DHCPoffer)
Server kasta oo DHCP ah oo ka mid ah shabakadaha helaya DHCPdiscover daahfurka ayaa ka jawaaba isagoo dooranaya mid ka mid ah ciwaanada IP-ga ee aan wali laga kirayn macmiilka DHCP oo u soo dira bixinta DHCPoffer ka kooban ciwaanka IP-ga la kiraysto iyo Settings kale macmiilka DHCP.
3. Marxaladda xulashada, kaas oo macmiilka DHCP uu doorto ciwaanka IP-ga ee uu bixiyo server-ka DHCP (DHCPrequest)
Haddii ay jiraan wax ka badan hal server oo DHCP ah oo siiya macluumaadka DHCPoffer uu soo diray macmiilka DHCP, macmiilka DHCP waxa uu aqbala oo keliya bixinta DHCPoffer u horraysa macluumaadka la helo, ka dibna waxa ay ka jawaabaya codsiga codsiga DHCP ee habka baahinta. Macluumaadkani waxa uu ka kooban yahay codsiga ciwaanka IP-ga ee serfarka DHCP ee ay doorteen. Sababta looga jawaabayo habka baahinta waa in lagu wargeliyo dhammaan adeegayaasha DHCP in uu dooran doono ciwaanka IP-ga ee uu bixiyo server-ka DHCP.
4. Marxaladda xaqiijinta, kaas oo server-ka DHCP uu ku xaqiijiyo ciwaanka IP-ga ee la bixiyay (DHCPack)
Marka server-ka DHCP uu helo macluumaadka codsiga DHCP ee uu ka jawaabay macmiilka DHCP, waxa ay u dirtaa fariinta qirashada DHCPack macmiilka DHCP oo wata ciwaanka IP-ga ee ay bixisay iyo Settings kale si ay ugu sheegto macmiilka DHCP in uu isticmaali karo ciwaanka IP-ga ee uu bixiyay. Macmiilka DHCP ayaa markaa ku xidhaya borotokoolkiisa TCP/IP kaadhka shabakada, iyo dhammaan server-yada DHCP, marka laga reebo midka uu doortay macmiilka DHCP, waxay dib u qaataan cinwaanka IP-ga ee la bixiyay.
5. Dib u soo gal (Codsi DHCP)
Mustaqbalka, mar kasta oo macmiilka DHCP uu galo shabakada mar kale, uma baahna inay soo dirto DHCPdiscover xogta mar kale, laakiin waxay si toos ah u soo dirtaa codsiga DHCP macluumaadka ka kooban ciwaanka IP-ga ee hore loo qoondeeyay. Marka server-ka DHCP uu helo macluumaadkan, wuxuu isku dayaa inuu u ogolaado macmiilka DHCP inuu sii wado isticmaalka cinwaanka IP-ga asalka ah iyo jawaabaha DHCPack qirashada. Haddii ciwaanka IP-ga aan lagu meelayn karin macmiilkii asalka ahaa ee DHCP (haddii ciwaanka IP-ga hore loogu qoray macmiil kale oo DHCP ah), server-ka DHCP wuxuu u jawaabayaa fariinta diidmada DHCPnack macmiilka DHCP. Marka macmiilka asalka ah ee DHCP uu helo fariintan diidmada DHCPnack, waa inay dib u dirtaa fariinta daahfurka DHCP si ay u codsato ciwaanka IP cusub.
6. Cusbooneysii heshiiska
Ciwaanka IP-ga ee server-ka DHCP ka kireeyeen macmiilka DHCP badiyaa waxa uu leeyahay heshiis ijaar, ka dib serfarka DHCP waxa uu soo celin doonaa ciwaanka IP-ga ee la kiraysto. Haddii macmiilka DHCP uu rabo inuu kordhiyo heshiiska IP-ga, waa inuu cusboonaysiiyaa ijaarka IP-ga. Macmiilka DHCP waxa uu si toos ah ugu soo diraa macluumaadka serferka DHCP si uu u cusboonaysiiyo heshiiska IP-ga marka macmiilka DHCP la bilaabo iyo marka heshiiska IP-gu kala badh dhamaado.
Qoondaynta martida firfircoon ee DHCP sidoo kale waxaa iska leh mid naga mid ahONUalaabooyinka shabakadaha taxanaha ah, iyo alaabtayada kulul ee shabakadayada la xidhiidha waxay daboolaan noocyo kala duwan oo ahONUalaabooyin taxane ah, oo ay ku jiraan ACONU/ isgaarsiintaONU/ indheergaradONU/ sanduuqaONU/ laba deked PONONUiyo wixi la mida. Inta sareONUalaabooyin taxane ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa shuruudaha shabakada ee xaalado kala duwan.Ku soo dhawoow si aad u hesho faham farsamo oo faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan alaabta.
