Faa'iidooyinka isgaarsiinta fiber optic:
● Awood isgaarsiineed oo weyn
● Fogaanta gudbinta dheer
● Ma jiro faragelin elektromagnetic ah
● Khayraadka hodanka ah
● Miisaan fudud iyo cabbir yar
Taariikhda Gaaban ee Isgaadhsiinta indhaha
In ka badan 2000 oo sano ka hor, nalka-nalalka, semaphores
1880, isgaarsiinta indhaha ee wireless-wireless phone
1970, isgaarsiinta fiber optic
1966, "Aabbaha Fiber indhaha", Dr. Gao Yong wuxuu marka hore soo jeediyay fikradda isgaarsiinta fiber optic.
1970kii, machadka Bell Yan Lin Yanxiong wuxuu ahaa leysarka semiconductor kaasoo si joogto ah uga shaqayn kara heerkulka qolka.
1970kii, Corning's Kapron waxa ay lumisay 20dB/km fiber.
Sannadkii 1977dii, khadka ganacsi ee ugu horreeyay Chicago wuxuu ahaa 45Mb/s.
spectrum Electromagnetic
Qaybinta band isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta gudbinta u dhiganta
Milicsiga / milicsiga iyo guud ahaan milicsiga iftiinka
Sababtoo ah iftiinku si kala duwan ayuu ugu socdaa walxo kala duwan, marka iftiinku ka soo baxo walax ilaa mid kale, dib-u-soo-celinta iyo milicsiga ayaa ka yimaada isdhexgalka labada shay. Waxaa intaa dheer, xagasha iftiinka la soo celiyay way kala duwan tahay xagasha iftiinka dhacdada. Marka xagasha iftiinka shilka uu gaaro ama dhaafo xagal gaar ah, nalka dib ayaa meesha ka baxaya, dhammaan iftiinka dhacdada ayaa dib u soo muuqan doona. Tani waa wadarta guud ee iftiinka. Maaddooyinka kala duwani waxay leeyihiin xaglo dib u celin oo kala duwan oo isku mid ah hirarka hirarka iftiinka (taas oo ah, agabyo kala duwan ayaa leh tusmooyin dib u celineed oo kala duwan), isla walxuhuna waxay leeyihiin xaglo dib-u-eegis kala duwan oo loogu talagalay hirarka hirarka iftiinka. Isgaadhsiinta fibre-gaab indhaha waxay ku salaysan tahay mabaadi'da kor ku xusan.
Qaybinta milicsiga: Halbeeg muhiim ah oo lagu garto agabka indhaha ayaa ah index refractive, kaas oo ay matalaan N. Saamiga xawaaraha iftiinka C ee faakuumka iyo xawaaraha iftiinka V ee maaddadu waa index refractive ee walxaha.
N = C/V
Tusmada dib-u-celinta ee muraayadda quartz ee isgaarsiinta fiber indhaha waa qiyaastii 1.5.
Qaab dhismeedka fiber
Fiber bare fiber guud ahaan waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex lakab:
Lakabka kowaad: Dhexdhexaadiyaha sare ee muraayadda muraayadda (dhexroorka udubdhexaadku guud ahaan waa 9-10μm, (hal qaab) 50 ama 62.5 (multimode).
Lakabka labaad: Dhexdhexaadku waa muraayadda muraayadda silica ee hoose (dhexroorku guud ahaan waa 125).μm).
Lakabka saddexaad: kan ugu hooseeya waa dahaarka resin ee xoojinta.
1) xudunta: index refractive sare, loo isticmaalo in lagu gudbiyo iftiinka;
2) Dahaarka daboolka: index refractive hooseeya, samaynta xaalad guud oo milicsiga xudunta u ah;
3) Jaakada ilaalinta: Waxay leedahay awood sare waxayna u adkeysan kartaa saameynaha waaweyn si ay u ilaaliso fiber-ka indhaha.
3mm fiilada indhaha: oranji, MM, qaab-badan; jaale, SM, hal-hab
Cabbirka fiber-ka
Dhexroorka dibadda guud ahaan waa 125um (celcelis ahaan 100um tinkiiba)
Dhexroorka gudaha: hal qaab 9um; multimode 50 / 62.5um
dalool tiro
Dhammaan dhacdooyinka iftiinka ee wejiga ugu dambeeya ee fiber-ka indhaha laguma gudbin karo fiber-ka indhaha, laakiin kaliya iftiinka dhacdada ee xaglo gaar ah. Xaggan waxa loo yaqaan daloolka tirooyinka ee fiber-ka. Daloolin tiro weyn oo fiber optic ah ayaa faa'iido u leh xiritaanka fiber-ka indhaha. Soosaarayaasha kala duwani waxay leeyihiin godad tirooyin kala duwan.
Nooca fiber-ka
Marka loo eego habka gudbinta iftiinka ee fiber-ka indhaha, waxa loo qaybin karaa:
Qaabab badan (soo gaabinta: MM); Hal-hab (soo gaabinta: SM)
Multimode fiber: Xudunta dhalada dhexe waa ka dhumuc weyn tahay (50 ama 62.5μm) oo u gudbin kara iftiinka habab badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala firdhiskeeda hab-dhexdhexaadineedku waa weyn yahay, kaas oo xaddidaya inta jeer ee gudbinta calaamadaha dhijitaalka ah, waxayna noqon doontaa mid aad u daran iyadoo masaafada sii kordheysa.Tusaale ahaan: 600MB / KM fiber waxa uu leeyahay oo keliya 300MB bandwidth at 2KM. Sidaa darteed, fogaanta gudbinta ee fiber-mode-ka badan waa mid gaaban, guud ahaan dhowr kiiloomitir oo keliya.
Fiber-ka-halbeegga ah: Xuddunta muraayadda dhexe waa mid khafiif ah (dhexroorka udubdhexaadku guud ahaan waa 9 ama 10μm), waxayna ku gudbin kartaa iftiinka hal qaab. Dhab ahaantii, waa nooc ka mid ah fiilada indhaha ee tallaabo-tallaabo ah, laakiin dhexroorka xudunta u ah waa mid aad u yar. Aragti ahaan, kaliya iftiinka tooska ah ee hal waddo faafin ah ayaa loo oggol yahay inuu galo fiber-ka oo uu si toos ah ugu faafiyo xudunta fiber-ka. garaaca garaaca wadnaha ayaa si dirqi ah u kala baxay.Sidaa darteed, kala firidhsanaanteeda hab-dhexdeedu waa mid yar oo ku habboon isgaarsiinta fog, laakiin kala firdhiskeeda chromatic ayaa door weyn ka ciyaara. Sidan oo kale, fiber-ka-midabku wuxuu leeyahay shuruudo sare oo loogu talagalay ballaca spectral iyo xasilloonida isha iftiinka, taas oo ah, ballaca muraayadda ayaa cidhiidhi ah xasilooniduna waa wanaagsan tahay. .
Kala soocida fiilooyinka indhaha
Maaddada:
Fiber galaas: Xuddunta iyo xayndaabku waxay ka samaysan yihiin dhalo, oo leh khasaare yar, fogaan gudbin dheer iyo kharash sare;
Fiber indhaha silikoon-ku-daboolan: xudduntu waa dhalo, daboolkuna waa caag, kaas oo leh sifooyin la mid ah fiber-ka galaaska iyo kharash yar;
Fiber indhaha caaga ah: Xuddunta iyo daboolkuba waa balaastiig, oo leh khasaare weyn, fogaan gaaban oo gudbin ah, iyo qiimo jaban. Inta badan loo isticmaalo qalabka guriga, maqalka, iyo gudbinta sawirka masaafo gaaban.
Sida laga soo xigtay daaqadda gudbinta ugu fiicnayd: fiber-hal-hab caadi ah iyo fibre-hab-kaliya kala firdhiyey.
Nooca caadiga ah: Guriga wax soo saarka fiber indhaha ayaa hagaajiya inta jeer ee gudbinta fiber indhaha ee hal hirar oo iftiin ah, sida 1300nm.
Nooca kala firdhisan: Soo saaraha fiber optics-ka ayaa hagaajiya inta jeer ee gudbinta fiber-ka ee labada hirar ee iftiinka, sida: 1300nm iyo 1550nm.
Isbeddel lama filaan ah: Tusmada dib-u-celinta ee xudunta fiber-ka ilaa daboolka galaaska waa mid degdeg ah. Waxay leedahay qiimo jaban iyo kala firdhisanaan qaab-dhismeedka sare. Ku habboon isgaarsiinta xawaaraha-hoose ee fogaanta gaaban, sida xakamaynta warshadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fiber-ka-midabku waxay isticmaashaa nooc isku-bedel ah sababtoo ah kala firdhida qaab-dhismeed yar.
Fiber gradient: index refractive ee xudunta fiber in cladding ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo dhimay, taas oo u oggolaanaysa iftiinka-habka sare inuu ku faafo qaab sinusoidal ah, kaas oo yareyn kara kala firidhsanaanta u dhexeeya hababka, kordhin bandwidth fiber, iyo kordhinta fogaanta gudbinta, laakiin kharashka waa. Fiber Mode ka sarreeya inta badan waa fiber la dejiyay.
Tilmaamaha fiber-ka caadiga ah
Cabbirka fiber-ka:
1) Dhexroorka xudunta u ah hal qaab: 9/125μm, 10/125μm
2) Dhexroor daboolka dibadda ah (2D) = 125μm
3) Dhexroor dahaarka dibadda = 250μm
4) Doofaarka: 300μm
5) Qaababka badan: 50/125μm, heerka Yurub; 62.5 / 125μm, halbeegga Ameerikaanka
6) Warshadaha, caafimaadka iyo shabakadaha xawaaraha hooseeya: 100/140μm, 200/230μm
7) Caag: 98/1000μm, loo isticmaalo xakamaynta baabuurta
Yaraynta Fiberka
Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee keena yaraanta fiber-ku waa: gudaha, leexinta, tuujin, wasakh, sinnaansho la'aan iyo dabada.
Intrinsic: Waa luminta soo jireenka ah ee fiber-ka indhaha, oo ay ku jiraan: kala firdhisanaanta Rayleigh, nuugista gudaha, iwm.
Laab: Marka fiberku foorarsado, iftiinka qayb ka mid ah fiber-ka ayaa lumi doona firdhinta awgeed, taas oo keenta khasaare.
Tuujin: khasaare ay keento qalooc yar oo fiber-ka marka la tuujiyo.
Waxyaalaha wasakhaysan: Wasakhyada ku jira fiber-ka indhaha ayaa nuuga oo kala firdhiya iftiinka lagu kala qaado fiber-ka, taasoo keenta khasaare.
Labbis-la'aan: Khasaaraha uu keeno tusaha aan sinnayn ee walxaha fiber-ka.
Xiritaanka: Khasaaraha dhasha inta lagu jiro xidhitaanka fiber-ka, sida: faasasyo kala duwan (shuruudaha isku xidhka fiber-ka-hal-qaabku waxa uu ka yar yahay 0.8μm), wejiga dhamaadka ma aha mid siman dhanka dhidibka, wejiga dhamaadka waa mid aan sinnayn, dhexroorka badhida ayaan u dhigmin, tayada kala goyntuna waa liidataa.
Nooca fiilada indhaha
1) Marka loo eego hababka dhigista: fiilooyinka indhaha ee iskood isu taageeraya, fiilooyinka indhaha ee dhuumaha, fiilooyinka indhaha ee gaashaaman ee duugan iyo fiilooyinka indhaha ee badda hoostiisa mara.
2) Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka fiilada indhaha, waxaa jira: fiilada indhaha ee isku xiran, lakabka fiilada indhaha, fiilada indhaha ee adag, fiilada indhaha ee ribbon, fiilada indhaha ee aan birta ahayn iyo fiilada indhaha ee laanta.
3) Marka loo eego ujeeddada: fiilooyinka indhaha ee isgaadhsiinta fogaanta, fiilooyinka dibedda ee fogaanta gaaban, fiilooyinka indhaha ee isku dhafan, iyo fiilooyinka indhaha ee dhismayaasha.
Isku xirka iyo joojinta fiilooyinka indhaha
Isku xirka iyo joojinta fiilooyinka indhaha ayaa ah xirfadaha aasaasiga ah ee shaqaalaha dayactirka fiilooyinka indhaha ay tahay inay si fiican u yaqaaniin.
Kala soocida tignoolajiyada isku xirka fiber optic:
1) Tiknoolajiyada isku xirka fiber optic iyo farsamada isku xirka fiilada indhaha waa laba qaybood.
2) Dhamaadka fiilada indhaha waxay la mid tahay isku xirka fiilada indhaha, marka laga reebo in hawlgalku uu ka duwan yahay qalabyada kala duwan ee isku xira.
Nooca isku xirka fiber-ka
Isku xirka fiilada Fiber optic guud ahaan waxa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood:
1) Xidhiidh go'an oo fiber indhaha ah (oo loo yaqaan xidhiidhiyaha dhintay). Guud ahaan isticmaal fiyuuska fiyuuska indhaha; loo isticmaalo madaxa tooska ah ee fiilada indhaha.
2) Xidhiidhiyaha firfircoon ee fiber optic (oo loo yaqaan xidhiidhiyaha nool). Isticmaal xirayaasha la saari karo (badanaa loo yaqaan kala goysyada dabacsan). Loogu talagalay jumper fiber, isku xirka qalabka, iwm.
Sababtoo ah dhamaystir la'aanta wejiga dhamaadka ee fiber indhaha iyo isku-duubni la'aanta cadaadiska wejiga dhamaadka fiber-ka indhaha, luminta fiilada indhaha ee hal dheecaan ayaa weli ah mid weyn, iyo habka isku-dhafka dheecaanka labaad hadda waa la isticmaalaa. Marka hore, horay u sii kululee oo daadi wejiga ugu dambeeya ee fiber-ka, qaabee wejiga dhamaadka, ka saar boodhka iyo qashinka, oo cadaadiska dhamaadka fiber-ka ka dhig lebbis adiga oo horay u sii kululaynaya.
Habka la socodka luminta xidhiidhka fiber indhaha
Waxaa jira saddex hab oo lagula socdo luminta isku xirka fiber:
1. La soco kabiyaha.
2. La socodka isha iftiinka iyo mitirka korontada indhaha.
3.OTDR habka cabbiraadda
Habka hawlgalka ee xidhiidhka fiber indhaha
Hawlaha isku xirka fiber-ka indhaha ayaa guud ahaan loo qaybiyaa:
1. Xakamaynta wejiyada dhamaadka fiber-ka.
2. Ku xidhidhiyaha fibre indhaha.
3. Fiber indhaha oo la kala qaado.
4. Ilaalinta xirayaasha fiber indhaha.
5. Waxaa jira shan tallaabo oo loogu talagalay saxaaradda fiber-ka ee soo hadhay.
Guud ahaan, isku xirka fiilada indhaha oo dhan waxaa loo fuliyaa si waafaqsan tillaabooyinka soo socda:
Tallaabada 1: dherer badan oo wanaagsan, fur oo ka saar fiilada indhaha, ka saar galka fiilada
Tallaabada 2: Nadiifi oo ka saar koollada buuxinta batroolka ee fiilada indhaha.
Talaabada 3: Isku xidh fiberka.
Talaabada 4: Hubi tirada xudunta fiber-ka, samee lamaanaynta fiber-ka, oo hubi in calaamadaha midabka fiberku ay sax yihiin.
Tallaabada 5: Xooji isku xirka wadnaha;
Talaabada 6: Lammaanaha khadka caawinta ee kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan lammaane khadka ganacsiga, lammaane xariiqa kantaroolka, khadadka dhulka ee gaashaanka ku jira, iwm.
Tallaabada 7: Isku xidh fiber-ka.
Talaabada 8: Ilaali isku xirka fiber indhaha;
Tallaabada 9: kaydinta alaabada ee fiber haray;
Tallaabada 10: Buuxi xiriirka jaakada fiilada indhaha;
Tallaabada 11: Ilaalinta xirayaasha fiber optic-ga
Luminta fiber-ka
1310 nm: 0.35 ~ 0.5 dB / km
1550 nm: 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / km
850 nm: 2.3 ilaa 3.4 dB/km
Luminta dhibcaha fiyuuska fiyuuska indhaha: 0.08dB / dhibic
Barta kala goynta fiber-ka 1 dhibic/2km
Magacyada fiber-ka caadiga ah
1) Attenuation
Attenuation: luminta tamarta marka iftiinka lagu kala qaado fiber indhaha, fiber hal-mode 1310nm 0.4 ~ 0.6dB / km, 1550nm 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / km; caag multimode fiber 300dB / km
2) Kala yaac
Kala firdhinta: Xadhkaha xadhkaha garaaca garaaca iftiinka waa la kordhiyaa ka dib marka uu u socdaalo masaafo cayiman oo uu la socdo fiber-ka. Waa qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee xaddidaya heerka gudbinta.
Kala firdhisanaanta qaab-dhismeedka: Waxay ku dhacdaa oo kaliya fiilooyinka multimode, sababtoo ah noocyada kala duwan ee iftiinka ayaa ku socdaalaya wadooyin kala duwan.
Kala firdhinta walxaha: Mawjadaha kala duwan ee iftiinka iftiinka ayaa ku socda xawaare kala duwan.
Waveguide dispersing: Tani waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah tamarta iftiinka waxay ku socotaa xawaare yar oo kala duwan marka ay dhex marto xudunta iyo xirashada. Fiber-ka-hal-habka ah, waxaa aad muhiim u ah in la beddelo kala firdhinta fiber-ka iyadoo la beddelayo qaab-dhismeedka gudaha ee fiber-ka.
Nooca Fiber
G.652 eber kala firdhiso waxay ku dhowdahay 1300nm
G.653 barta kala firdhinta eber waxay ku dhowdahay 1550nm
G.654 fibre kala firdhiso taban
G.655 faybar kala firdhiyey
Fiber mowjad buuxda
3) kala firdhiso
Sababtoo ah qaab dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee iftiinka oo aan qummanayn, luminta tamarta iftiinka ayaa sabab u ah, gudbinta iftiinka wakhtigan hadda ma laha jihayn wanaagsan.
Aqoonta aasaasiga ah ee nidaamka fiber optic
Horudhac ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedka iyo hawlaha nidaamka fiber optic aasaasiga ah:
1. Unug diritaanka: waxay u beddeshaa calaamadaha korantada ee isha isha;
2. Qaybta gudbinta: dhexdhexaad ah oo sidda calaamadaha indhaha;
3. Cutubka qaata: waxa uu qaataa calaamadaha indhaha oo u beddela calaamadaha korantada;
4. Ku xidh qalabka: ku xidh fiber optic-ga isha iftiinka, ogaanshaha iftiinka iyo fiilooyinka kale ee indhaha.
Noocyada isku xirka guud
Xidhiidhiyaha dhamaadka wejiga
Lamaanihii
Shaqada ugu weyni waa in la qaybiyo calaamadaha indhaha. Codsiyada muhiimka ah waxay ku jiraan shabakadaha fiber indhaha, gaar ahaan shabakadaha aagga maxalliga ah iyo qaybta mawjadaha isku dhufashada.
qaab dhismeedka aasaasiga ah
Lammaanuhu waa aalad dadban oo laba jiho ah. Foomamka aasaasiga ah waa geed iyo xiddig. Lammaanuhu wuxuu u dhigmaa qaybiyaha.
WDM
WDM-Qaybta Wavelength Multiplexer waxay gudbisaa calaamado badan oo indhaha ah oo ku jira hal fiber optic ah. Calaamadaha indhaha waxay leeyihiin soo noqnoqoshada kala duwan iyo midabyo kala duwan. Multiplexer-ka WDM waa in uu isku xidho calaamado badan oo indhaha ah oo isku mid ah fiber indhaha; Multiplexing multiplexer waa in la kala saaro calaamadaha indhaha ee kala duwan ee hal fiber indhaha ah.
Qaybta Mawjadda Dhererka Multiplexer (Halyeeyad)
Qeexida garaaca garaaca hababka dhijitaalka ah:
1. Balaadhan: Dhererka garaaca wadnaha waxa uu ka dhigan yahay tamarta indhaha ee nidaamka fiber optic-ga.
2. Wakhtiga kor u kaca: wakhtiga loo baahan yahay garaaca garaaca wadnaha inuu ka kaco 10% ilaa 90% ee baaxadda ugu badan.
3. Waqtiga dayrta: wakhtiga loo baahan yahay in garaaca garaaca wadnaha uu hoos uga dhaco 90% ilaa 10% ee baaxadda.
4. Balaadhka garaaca: Baaxadda garaaca wadnaha ee 50% booska baaxadda, oo lagu muujiyey wakhtiga.
5. Wareegga: wakhtiga u gaarka ah garaaca wadnaha waa wakhtiga shaqada ee loo baahan yahay si loo dhamaystiro wareegga.
6. Saamiga dabar goynta: Saamiga 1 koronta iftiinka calaamadda iyo 0 tamarta iftiinka.
Qeexida cutubyada guud ee isgaarsiinta fiber optic:
1.dB = 10 log10 (Pout / pin)
Pout: awoodda wax soo saarka; Pin: awoodda wax gelinta
2. dBm = 10 log10 (P / 1mw), oo ah unug aad looga isticmaalo injineernimada isgaarsiinta; inta badan waxay u taagan tahay awoodda indhaha oo leh 1 milliwatt tixraac ahaan;
tusaale:-10dBm waxay ka dhigan tahay in awoodda indhaha ay la mid tahay 100uw.
3.dBu = 10 log10 (P / 1uw)