Maalmahan, mashaariicda isgaarsiinta shabakada hadda, transceivers indhaha,transceivers fiber indhaha, iyo modem-ka indhaha ayaa la odhan karaa waa kuwo si weyn loo isticmaalo oo aad loo ixtiraamo shaqaalaha ammaanku. Haddaba, ma la socotaa farqiga u dhexeeya saddexdan Cad?
Modem-ka indhaha waa nooc qalab ah oo la mid ah modem-ka dhijitaalka ah (baseband). Farqiga ka dhexeeya modem-ka baseband waa in ay ku xiran tahay khadka fibre-ga ee indhaha, kaas oo ah calaamad indhaha ah.
Waxaa loo istcimaalaa beddelka calaamadda korantada iyo borotokoolka interface ee shabakadda aagga ballaaran, iyo gelitaankarouterwaa marin-u-helka shabakadda aagga ballaaran. Qalabka korantada ee sawir-qaaduhu wuxuu isticmaalaa beddelka calaamadda sawir-qaadista ee shabakadda degaanka, laakiin kaliya beddelka calaamadda, iyada oo aan la beddelin borotokoolka interface. Guud ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa masaafo dheer oo ka mid ah shabakada dhismaha oo aan ku habboonayn deegaanka fiilooyinka qalloocan ayaa la geeyaa. Si loo caddeeyo modemka indhaha, transceiver sawir-qaade. Waxaan u baahanahay inaan soo bandhigno deegaanka lagu isticmaalo.
Modem indhaha, sidoo kale loo yaqaan transceiver indhaha hal deked, waa badeecad loogu talagalay deegaan isticmaale gaar ah. Waxay u isticmaashaa labo fiilood oo indhaha ah oo loogu talagalay hal E1 ama hal V. 35 ama hal 10BaseT ah oo ah qalabka teerminalka gudbinta indhaha. Sida qalabka gudbinta gudbinta ee shabakada maxalliga ah, qalabkani wuxuu ku habboon yahay qalabka gudbinta fiber-ka ee saldhigga saldhigga iyo qalabka laynka ee kirada ah. Transceivers indhaha kala duwan ee dekedaha, guud ahaan waxaa loogu yeeraa "transceivers optical". Transceivers indhaha hal deked ah, guud ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhinaca isticmaalaha. Waxay u shaqeeyaan si la mid ah modem-ka baseband ee inta badan la isticmaalo ee loogu talagalay isku xirka WAN heeganka ah (wareegga) "Modem Optical" iyo "Unit Network Optical".
Transceivers indhaha ayaa ah kaliya alaabada isgaarsiinta xogta. Alaabooyinka transceiver-ka dhabta ah ee dhabta ah waa kala duwan yihiin, faa'iido u leh gudbinta telefishanka fiilada, qaar gudbinta taleefanka, faa'iido u leh xakamaynta warshadaha, qaarna xitaa waxay isku daraan "cod, xog, muuqaal" iyo adeegyo kale si ay u helaan Mid.
Transceiver fiber indhaha waxa uu garwaaqsadaa beddelka calaamada u dhexeeya hal-mode iyo fiber-mode badan iyo lammaane qalloocan ee Ethernet. Transceiver fiber optic waa unugga beddelka warbaahinta gudbinta ee Ethernet kaas oo isweydaarsada calaamadaha korantada ee fogaan-gaaban iyo calaamadaha indhaha ee fog-fog. Transceivers indhaha waxaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa goobaha shabakadaha dhabta ah halkaas oo fiilooyinka Ethernet aan la dabooli karin iyo fiilooyinka indhaha waa in la isticmaalo si loo kordhiyo fogaanta gudbinta; Isla mar ahaantaana, waxay gacan ka geysanayaan in lagu xidho mayl-ka ugu dambeeya ee khadadka fiber-ka indhaha ee shabakadaha aagga magaalo-madaxda (ee leh tignoolajiyada Ethernet) iyo lakabyo badan oo dibadda ah. Intarneetku wuxuu kaloo door wayn ka qaatay.
Marka loo eego xawaaraha, transceiver fiber indhaha waxa loo qaybin karaa hal 10M, 100M transceiver fiber indhaha,10/100M transceiver fiber indhaha la qabsigaiyo 1000M transceiver fiber indhaha. 10M iyo 100M transceivers waxay ka shaqeeyaan lakabka jireed, alaabada transceiver ee ka shaqeysa lakabkan waxay xoogaa xoogaa u gudbiyaan xogta. Habka gudbinta ahi wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka xawaaraha gudbinta degdega ah, heerka daahfurnaanta sare, daahitaanka hooseeya, iwm.
10/100M transceiver fiber optic ah waxa uu ka shaqeeyaa lakabka isku xirka xogta. Lakabkan, transceiver fiber indhaha waxa ay isticmaashaa hannaan kayd-iyo hore u socod ah si uu u akhriyo ciwaanka MAC-ga ee isha, ciwaanka MAC meesha uu ku socdo, iyo ciwaanka MAC ee xidhmo kasta oo la helo. Xogta, xirmada xogta waxaa la gudbiyaa ka dib marka la dhammeeyo hubinta ka-noqoshada wareegtada ee CRC. Marka hore, waxay ka hortagi kartaa qaar ka mid ah xayndaabyada khaldan inay ku faafaan shabakada oo ay qabsadaan ilaha shabakada ee qiimaha leh. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxay sidoo kale ka hortagi kartaa luminta xirmooyinka xogta sababtoo ah ciriiriga shabakada.
Marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedka, waxaa loo qaybin karaa nooca desktop-ka transceiver fiber indhaha iyo nooca rack transceiver fiber indhaha. Transceiver fiber optical desktop-ka ayaa ku habboon hal isticmaale, sida la kulanka kor u qaadista halbeddelomarinka. Fiber optic transceivers ee rack-ku-xidhan waxay ku habboon yihiin isku-darka isticmaalayaasha badan.
Sida laga soo xigtay fiber, waxa loo qaybin karaa transceiver fiber-mode multi-mode iyo transceiver fiber hal-mode. Sababtoo ah fiilooyinka indhaha ee kala duwan ee la isticmaalo, fogaanta gudbinta ee transceiver waa ka duwan yahay. Fogaanta guud ee gudbinta habab badan ayaa ah inta u dhaxaysa 2 kiiloomitir iyo 5 kiiloomitir, halka transceiver-ka hal hab uu dabooli karo inta u dhaxaysa 20 kiiloomitir ilaa 120 kiiloomitir. Waa in la tilmaamaa in farqiga u dhexeeya fogaanta gudbinta awgeed, awoodda gudbinta, helitaanka dareenka iyo dhererka fibre optic transceiver laftiisa ayaa sidoo kale ka duwanaan doona. Awoodda gudbinta ee 5km transceiver fiber indhaha guud ahaan waa inta u dhaxaysa -20 ilaa -14db, iyo dareenka helaya waa -30db, iyada oo la isticmaalayo mawjada 1310nm; halka awoodda gudbinta ee 120 km transceiver fiber indhaha ay inta badan u dhaxaysa -5 ilaa 0dB, iyo dareenka helitaanku waa -38dB, isticmaalaya 1550nm hirarka.
Marka loo eego tirada fiilooyinka indhaha, waxaa loo qaybin karaa transceiver indhaha hal-fiber iyoDual-fiber optical transceiver. Fiber-kaliya waa in la xaqiijiyo xogta la helayo oo lagu dirayo fiber optic ah. Alaabta noocan oo kale ah waxay qabataa tignoolajiyada isku dhufashada kala qaybinta mawjada dhererka, dhererka hirarka la isticmaalo ayaa u badan 1310nm iyo 1550nm. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay adeegsiga isku dhufashada qaybinta mawjada dhererka, alaabada transceiver fiber-ka ah ayaa guud ahaan leh sifada hoos u dhigista calaamadaha waaweyn. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, badiyaa transceivers-ka fiber optic-ga ee suuqa waa badeecado laba-fiber ah, kuwaas oo bislaaday oo xasiloon.
Waa hagaag, kor ku xusan waa hordhac ku saabsan farqiga u dhexeeya transceiver indhaha, transceiver fiber optic iyo modem indhaha. Waxaan rajeynayaa inay ku caawin karto!