Fiber-optic communication(FTTx) esale e nkuoa e le mokhoa o ts'episang ka ho fetesisa oa phihlello ea marang-rang ka mor'a ho fihlella DSL Broadband. Ho fapana le puisano e tloaelehileng e sothehileng, e na le maqhubu a phahameng a ts'ebetso le matla a maholoanyane (e ka ipapisa le basebelisi ba hlokang ho ntlafatsa ho bandwidth e ikhethileng ea 10-100Mbps), e fokotsehile, ha e na tšitiso e matla ea motlakase, matla a anti-electromagnetic pulse, ho boloka lekunutu le joalo-joalo.
Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) e kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mekhoa ea phihlello joalo ka FTTP e tloaelehileng (Fiber to the Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fiber to Building, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fiber to Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN (Fiber to the Neighborhood, FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fiber to the Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fiber to the Office, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH (Fiber to the Home or Fiber to Home, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea hore fiber e kene ka tlung ka kotloloho
Bakeng sa basebelisi ba bangata ba lapeng, FTTH ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa. Foromo ena e ka hokela optical fiber le optical network unit (ONU) ka kotloloho lapeng. Ke mefuta e fapaneng ea phihlello ea fiber Broadband ntle le FTTD (fiber to desktop, FiberToTheDesk). Ka kakaretso ea mokhoa oa phihlello ea fiber broadband, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore phihlello ea hajoale ea FTTH ha e bue feela ka fiber lapeng, mme ka kakaretso e buile ka likhoele tse fapaneng. -ho fihla hae ka liforomo tse kang FTTO, FTTD, le FTTN.
Ho phaella moo, 'mali o lokela ho ela hloko phapang pakeng tsa "FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN)" ea hona joale ea mokhoa oa ho fumana marang-rang ho utloisisa FTTH.FTTx + LAN ke tharollo ea marang-rang e sebelisang "100Mbps ho sele kapa mohaho, 1 -10Mbps ho ea hae ”ho sebelisa fiber +5 e sothehileng ka para -switjhale ofisi e boharengswitjhale yuniti ea marang-rang ea optical (ONU) E hokahane, sele e sebelisa Category 5 twisted pair cabling, mme sekhahla sa phihlello sa basebelisi se ka fihla ho 1-10Mbps.
Ho fapana le moralo o ikhethileng oa bandwidth oa lelapa le le leng oa FTTH, bandwidth ea FTTx + LAN e arolelanoa ke basebelisi ba bangata kapa malapa. Ha ho na le basebelisi ba bangata ba arolelanoang, lebelo la bandwidth kapa marang-rang a FTTx + LAN ho thata ho netefatsa.
Tekanyetso ea tekheniki ea FTTH
Hona joale, ho bonahala eka ADSL2 + le FTTH tse ikhethileng tsa bandwidth le FTTH li fetohile mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa tsoelo-pele ea marang-rang nakong e tlang.Ka thekenoloji ea FTTH, ka mor'a APON (ATMPON), hona joale ho na le tekanyo ea GPON (GigabitPON) e entsoeng ke ITU / FSAN, le litekanyetso tse peli tsa EPON (EthernetPON) tse entsoeng ke sehlopha sa basebetsi sa IEEE802.3ah lia hlōlisana.
Theknoloji ea GPON ke moloko o mocha oa broadband passive optical integrated access standard e thehiloeng ho ITU-TG.984.x standard. Bandwidth e fumanehang e ka ba 1111 Mbit / s. Le hoja theknoloji e rarahane, e na le bandwidth e phahameng, ts'ebetso e phahameng, tšireletso e kholo le basebelisi. Melemo ea likhokahano tse ruileng e nkuoa ke basebelisi ba bang ba Europe le Amerika e le mahlale a nepahetseng bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang a marang-rang.
Tharollo ea EPON e na le scalability e ntle mme e khona ho lemoha mekhoa e fapaneng ea fiber-to-the-hae
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) hape ke mofuta o mocha oa theknoloji ea marang-rang ea phihlello ea fiber. Mokhoa o sebetsang oa phetisetso ea uplink ke 1000 Mbit/s. E amohela sebopeho sa ntlha-to-multipoint le phetisetso ea fiber ea passive, mme e ka fana ka mefuta e mengata ho Ethernet. Khoebo e kopanya melemo ea theknoloji ea PON le theknoloji ea Ethernet, e nang le litšenyehelo tse tlaase, li-bandwidth tse phahameng, scalability e matla, ho lumellana hantle le Ethernet e teng, le tsamaiso e bonolo. E sebelisoa Asia, joalo ka China le Japane. E pharaletseng haholoanyane.
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na tsamaiso ea fiber ea PON e entsoe ka engOLT(Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), POS (Passive Optical Splitter),ONU(Optical Network Unit) le tsamaiso ea eona ea tsamaiso ea marang-rang.
FTTH sebopeho
Mabapi le mesebetsi e itseng, theOLTe behiloe ofising e bohareng ea ISP 'me e ikarabella bakeng sa ho hokahanya, tsamaiso, le tlhokomelo ea mocha oa taolo.Bohole bo boholo ba phetisetso lipakeng tsaOLTle eaONUe ka fihla ho 10-20km kapa ho feta. TheOLTe na le ts'ebetso e fapaneng ho leka sebaka se utloahalang lipakeng tsa e 'ngoe le e 'ngoeONUle eaOLT, 'me ho latela, theONUe laeloa ho lokisa tieho ea eona ea phetiso ea mats'oao ho etsa phapang. Lipontšo tse fetisoang keLi-ONUea hole ka nepo multiplexed hammoho kaOLT.OLTLisebelisoa ka kakaretso li na le ts'ebetso ea kabo ea bandwidth, e ka abelang bandwidth e itseng kaOLTho ea ka litlhoko tsaONU. Ho feta moo, theOLTsesebelisoa se na le ntlha-to-multipoint hub tšobotsi, le eOLTe ka nka 32Li-ONU(mme e ka atolosoa hamorao), le tsohleLi-ONUtlasa enngwe le enngweOLTarolelana bandwidth ea 1G ka nako ea karohano ea multiplexing, ke hore, e 'ngoe le e' ngoeONUe ka fana ka holimo le ka tlase Bophahamo ba bandwidth ke 1 Gbps.
POS passive fiber splitter, splitter kapa splitter, ke sesebelisoa se sa sebetseng se hokahanyangOLTle eaONU. Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho aba lipontšo tsa optical input (downstream) ho likoung tse ngata tsa tlhahiso, ho nolofalletsa basebelisi ba bangata ho One fiber e arolelanoa ho arolelana bandwidth; ntlheng e ka holimo ea noka, tse ngataONUlipontšo tsa optical ke karohano ea nako e ngatafalitsoeng ho fiber e le 'ngoe.
ONUka kakaretso e na le likou tsa 1-32 100M 'me e ka hokeloa ho li-terminals tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang
TheONUke sesebelisoa se sebelisoang ke UE ho fihlella mosebelisi kapa phasejengswitjha. Fiber e le 'ngoe ea optical e ka etsa nako-multiplex data ea multipleLi-ONUho e mongOLTport through a passive optical splitter.Ka lebaka la topology ea sefate sa ntlha-to-multipoint, matsete a sesebelisoa sa aggregation a fokotsehile, mme boemo ba marang-rang bo boetse bo hlakile haholoanyane.ONUlisebelisoa li na le tse itsengswitjhamesebetsi. Sehokelo sa uplink ke sebopeho sa PON. E hokahane le boto ea interface eaOLTsesebediswa ka sehlakodi sa mahlo. The downlink e hokahane ka likou tsa 1-32 100-Gigabit kapa Gigabit RJ45. Lisebelisoa tsa data, joalo kali-switches, Broadbandli-routers, lik'homphieutha, lithelefono tsa IP, li-set-top boxes, joalo-joalo, li nolofalletsa ho tsamaisoa ha ntlha-to-multipoint.
Mokhoa oa ho etsa marang-rang ka lapeng
Ka kakaretso, FTTH ho eaONUlisebelisoa tsa terminal li tla fana ka bonyane li-interfaces tse 'ne tsa 100M RJ45. Bakeng sa basebelisi ba nang le lik'homphieutha tse 'nè tse hokahaneng ka likarete tsa marang-rang tse nang le marang-rang, ba ka finyella litlhoko tsa lik'homphieutha tse ngata tse arolelanang Inthanete ka lapeng. Ho phaella moo, bakeng sa marang-rang a FTTH a sebelisa IP e matla, basebelisi ba ka boela ba hokela holi-switcheskapa li-wireless AP bakeng sa katoloso ea marang-rang a marang-rang le a se nang mohala ha ho hlokahala.
Broadband ea hajoaleli-routerse ka tšehetsa ka ho phethahetseng tharollo ea phihlello ea FTTH
Bakeng sa li-terminals tsa FTTH tse fanang ka sebopeho sa 100M RJ45 feela ho sebelisa IP e tsitsitseng, li ka atolosoa ka marang-rang.routerkapa waeleserouter.Ka har'a litlhophiso, feela ho WEB setting interface earouter, fumana khetho ea "WAN port", khetha mofuta oa khokahanyo ea koung ea WAN e le "static IP" mode, ebe o kenya aterese ea IP le subnet e fanoeng ke ISP ho sebopeho se latelang. Mask, heke le aterese ea DNS li lokile.
Ho feta moo, basebelisi ba li-Broadband tse rekiloengli-routerskapa waeleseli-routerslokela ho e sebelisa e le aswitjhakapa AP e se nang mohala ho netweke ea FTTH. Ela hloko lintlha tse latelang ha u seta:Ho sebelisa teratarouterjoalo kaswitjhakapa wireless AP, kenya plug e sothehileng ho tloha hoONUsesebelisoa ka kotloloho ho sehokelo sefe kapa sefe boema-kepeng ba LAN ea router. Leqepheng la tsamaiso earouter, tima DHCP tshebetso ya seva e butsweng ka kamehla.Seta aterese ya IP yarouterle eaONUsesebelisoa se sebelisang IP e matla joalo ka karolo e tšoanang ea marang-rang.
Kaha phihlello ea fiber e fana ka bandwidth e sa lekanyetsoang, Fiber to the Home (FTTH) e tsejoa e le "morena" oa nako ea broadband 'me ke sepheo sa ho qetela sa tsoelo-pele ea marang-rang. Kamora hore faeba e isoe lapeng, lebelo la Marang-rang la mosebelisi le ka eketseha haholo hape. Ho nka metsotsoana e seng mekae feela ho khoasolla filimi ea DVD ea 500MB, e lebelo ka makhetlo a leshome ho feta tharollo ea hona joale ea ADSL. Ka phokotso e tsoelang pele ea litšenyehelo tsa ho emisa FTTH, leseli le eang lapeng le ntse le tsamaea ho tloha toro ho ea ho 'nete.