Melemo ea puisano ea fiber optic:
● Matla a maholo a puisano
● Sebaka se selelele sa relay
● Ha ho na tšitiso ea motlakase
● Matlotlo a mangata
● Boima bo bobebe le boholo bo fokolang
Histori e Khutšoanyane ea Optical Communications
Lilemong tse fetang 2000 tse fetileng, li-beacon-lights, semaphores
1880, puisano ea optical fono-wireless optical
1970, likhokahano tsa fiber optic
● Ka 1966, "Ntate oa Optical Fiber", Dr. Gao Yong o ile a qala ka tlhahiso ea maikutlo a optical fiber communication.
● Ka 1970, Lin Yanxiong oa Setsi sa Bell Yan e ne e le laser ea semiconductor e khonang ho sebetsa ka nako e telele mochesong oa kamore.
● Ka 1970, Corning's Kapron e ile ea lahleheloa ke fiber ea 20dB / km.
● Ka 1977, mohala oa pele oa khoebo oa Chicago oa 45Mb / s.
Motlakase oa motlakase
Karohano ea sehlopha sa puisano le mecha ea phatlalatso ea phetiso
Refraction/ Ketsiso le kganyetso yohle ya kganya
Hobane leseli le tsamaea ka tsela e sa tšoaneng ka lintho tse sa tšoaneng, ha leseli le ntšoa ho tloha nthong e ’ngoe ho ea ho e ’ngoe, refraction le ho khantša ho etsahala kamanong e pakeng tsa lintho tse peli. Ho feta moo, angle ea leseli le refracted e fapana ho ea ka angle ea leseli la ketsahalo. Ha angle ea leseli la ketsahalo e fihla kapa e feta angle e itseng, lebone le refracted le tla nyamela, 'me leseli lohle la ketsahalo le tla bontšoa morao. Ena ke khanya e felletseng ea leseli. Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng li na le li-angles tse fapaneng tsa refraction bakeng sa leqhubu le le leng la khanya (ke hore, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng li na le li-indices tse fapaneng tsa refraction), 'me lisebelisoa tse tšoanang li na le li-angles tse fapaneng tsa maqhubu bakeng sa maqhubu a fapaneng a khanya. Puisano ea optic fiber e thehiloe holim'a melao-motheo e ka holimo.
Reflectivity kabo: Parameter ea bohlokoa ho khetholla lisebelisoa tsa optical ke index ea refractive, e emeloang ke N. Karo-karolelano ea lebelo la leseli C ka har'a vacuum ho lebelo la leseli V ka thepa ke index ea refractive ea thepa.
N = C / V
Lenane la refractive la khalase ea quartz bakeng sa puisano ea fiber ea optical e ka bang 1.5.
Sebopeho sa fiber
Fiber bare fiber hangata e arotsoe ka likarolo tse tharo:
Mokhahlelo oa pele: setsi sa khalase se phahameng se phahameng sa refractive (diameter ea mantlha hangata ke 9-10μm, (mokhoa o le mong) 50 kapa 62.5 (multimode).
Mokhahlelo oa bobeli: bohareng ke "low refractive index silika" cladding (bophara ka kakaretso ke 125).μm).
Mokhahlelo oa boraro: o ka ntle ka ho fetisisa ke seaparo sa resin bakeng sa ho matlafatsa.
1) mantlha: index e phahameng ea refractive, e sebelisetsoang ho fetisa leseli;
2) Ho roala ho roala: index e tlaase ea refractive, e etsang boemo bo feletseng ba ho bonahatsa ka motheo;
3) Jacket e sireletsang: E na le matla a phahameng 'me e khona ho mamella liphello tse kholo ho sireletsa fiber ea optical.
3mm cable ea optical: lamunu, MM, mekhoa e mengata; mosehla, SM, mokhoa o le mong
Boholo ba fiber
Bophara ba ka ntle hangata ke 125um (karolelano ea 100um ka moriri)
Bophara bo ka hare: mokhoa o le mong 9um; multimode 50 / 62.5um
Phano ea lipalo
Hase liketsahalo tsohle tse khanyang sefahlehong sa ho qetela sa fiber optical e ka fetisoang ke fiber ea optical, empa ke leseli la ketsahalo feela ka har'a mefuta e itseng ea li-angles. Lehlakore lena le bitsoa lesoba la lipalo la fiber. Phapang e kholoanyane ea lipalo ea fiber ea optical e molemo bakeng sa ho emisa fiber ea optical. Baetsi ba fapaneng ba na le li-apertures tse fapaneng tsa linomoro.
Mofuta oa fiber
Ho ea ka mokhoa oa phetisetso ea leseli ho fiber optical, e ka aroloa ka:
Multi-Mode (khutsufatso: MM); Mokhoa o le Mong (khutsufatso: SM)
Multimode fiber: Moko oa khalase o bohareng o motenya (50 kapa 62.5μm) mme e ka fetisa leseli ka mekhoa e mengata. Leha ho le joalo, phallo ea eona ea li-inter-mode e kholo, e fokotsang makhetlo a mangata a ho fetisa melaetsa ea digital, 'me e tla ba e tebileng le ho feta ka sebaka se ntseng se eketseha.Mohlala: 600MB / KM fiber e na le bandwidth ea 300MB feela ho 2KM. Ka hona, sebaka sa phetiso ea fiber ea mefuta e mengata e batla e le khuts'oane, hangata ke lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa feela.
Fiber ea mofuta o le mong: Mokotla oa khalase o bohareng o batla o le mosesaane (bophara ba mantlha hangata ke 9 kapa 10μm), mme e ka fetisa leseli ka mokhoa o le mong feela. Ebile, ke mofuta oa fiber optical ea mofuta oa mohato, empa bophara ba mantlha bo nyane haholo. Ka khopolo, ke feela leseli le tobileng la tsela e le 'ngoe ea ho ata e lumelloa ho kena fiber le ho phatlalatsa ka ho toba mokokotlong oa fiber. Fiber pulse ha e otlollehe hanyane.Ka hona, ho hasana ha eona ka har'a mode e nyane ebile ho loketse puisano e hole, empa phallo ea eona ea chromatic e phetha karolo e kholo. Ka tsela ena, fiber ea mofuta o le mong e na le litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa bophara ba spectral le botsitso ba mohloli oa leseli, ke hore, bophara ba spectral bo moqotetsane 'me botsitso bo botle. .
Khethollo ea likhoele tsa optical
Ka lintho tse bonahalang:
Li-fiber tsa khalase: Moko-kotlo le liphahlo li entsoe ka khalase, ka tahlehelo e nyenyane, sebaka se selelele sa phetisetso le litšenyehelo tse phahameng;
Silicon optical fiber e koahetsoeng ke rabara: motheo ke khalase 'me sekoahelo ke polasetiki, e nang le litšobotsi tse tšoanang le fiber ea khalase le theko e tlaase;
Plastiki optical fiber: Bobeli ba mantlha le likoahelo ke polasetiki, ka tahlehelo e kholo, sebaka se sekhuts'oane sa phetisetso, le theko e tlase. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, li-audio, le phetiso ea litšoantšo tsa sebaka se khuts'oane.
Ho ea ka fensetere ea maqhubu a phetisetso e nepahetseng: fiber e tloaelehileng ea mokhoa o le mong le fiber ea mokhoa o le mong oa ho hasana.
Mofuta o tloaelehileng: Ntlo ea tlhahiso ea fiber ea optical e ntlafatsa maqhubu a phetiso ea fiber ea optical ka leqhubu le le leng la khanya, joalo ka 1300nm.
Mofuta o fetotsoeng oa ho hasana: Moetsi oa fiber optics o ntlafatsa maqhubu a phetiso ea fiber maemong a mabeli a maqhubu a khanya, joalo ka: 1300nm le 1550nm.
Phetoho e sa lebelloang: Lenane la refractive la fiber core ho likhalase tsa khalase le hlaha ka tšohanyetso. E na le litšenyehelo tse tlase le phallo e phahameng ea li-inter-mode. E loketse puisano e fokolang ea lebelo le tlase, joalo ka taolo ea indasteri. Leha ho le joalo, fiber ea mofuta o le mong e sebelisa mofuta oa phetoho ka lebaka la ho hasana ha mefuta e nyane.
Fiber ea gradient: index ea refractive ea fiber core ho cladding ea khalase e fokotsehile butle-butle, e lumella leseli la boemo bo phahameng ho ata ka mokhoa oa sinusoidal, o ka fokotsang ho hasana pakeng tsa mekhoa, ho eketsa li-bandwidth tsa fiber, le ho eketsa sebaka sa phetisetso, empa litšenyehelo ke. faeba e phahameng ea Mode ke fiber e lekantsoeng haholo.
Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa fiber
Boholo ba fiber:
1) Mokhoa o le mong oa bophara ba mantlha: 9 / 125μm, 10 / 125μm
2) Bophara ba ho koaheloa ka ntle (2D) = 125μm
3) Bophara ba ho roala ka ntle = 250μm
4) Pigtail: 300μm
5) Multimode: 50 / 125μm, maemo a Europe; 62.5 / 125μm, maemo a Amerika
6) Marang-rang a indasteri, a bongaka le a lebelo le tlase: 100 / 140μm, 200 / 230μm
7) Plastiki: 98 / 1000μm, e sebelisetsoang ho laola koloi
Fiber attenuation
Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse bakang fiber attenuation ke: ka hare, ho kobeha, ho penya, litšila, ho se lekane le butt.
Intrinsic: Ke tahlehelo ea tlhaho ea fiber ea optical, ho kenyelletsa: ho hasana ha Rayleigh, ho monya ka hare, joalo-joalo.
Koba: Ha fiber e kobehile, leseli le karolong e 'ngoe ea fiber le tla lahleha ka lebaka la ho hasana, ho fella ka tahlehelo.
Ho penya: tahlehelo e bakoang ke ho kobeha ha tlhale ha nyane ha e petetsoa.
Litšila: Litšila tse ka har'a fiber ea optical li monya le ho hasanya leseli le fetisoang ka har'a fiber, e bakang tahlehelo.
Non-uniform: Tahlehelo e bakiloeng ke index e sa lekanang ea refractive ea thepa ea fiber.
Docking: Tahlehelo e hlahisoang nakong ea faeba docking, joalo ka: lilepe tse fapaneng (tlhoko ea fiber coaxiality ea mofuta o le mong e ka tlase ho 0.8μm), sefahleho sa ho qetela ha se shebane le axis, sefahleho sa ho qetela ha se lekane, bophara ba butt ha bo lumellane, 'me boleng ba splicing bo fokola.
Mofuta oa thapo ea optical
1) Ho ea ka mekhoa ea ho beha: ho itšehetsa ka lithapo tsa optical, lithapo tsa optical pipeline, lithapo tsa optical tse patiloeng le lithapo tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi.
2) Ho ea ka sebopeho sa thapo ea optical, ho na le: thapo ea optical e kopantsoeng, thapo e sothehileng ea optical, thapo ea optical e tiileng, mohala oa optical oa ribbon, thapo ea optical e seng tšepe le thapo ea optical branchable.
3) Ho ea ka morero: lithapo tsa optical bakeng sa puisano e hōle, lithapo tsa optical tse ka ntle bakeng sa sebaka se sekhutšoanyane, lithapo tsa hybrid optical, le lithapo tsa optical bakeng sa mehaho.
Khokahano le ho felisoa ha likhoele tsa optical
Khokahano le ho felisoa ha likhoele tsa optical ke litsebo tsa mantlha tseo basebetsi ba tlhokomelo ea li-cable ba lokelang ho li tseba.
Khethollo ea theknoloji ea optical fiber connection:
1) Theknoloji ea khokahanyo ea fiber optical le theknoloji ea khokahanyo ea cable ea optical ke likarolo tse peli.
2) Qetello ea mohala oa optical e tšoana le ho hokahanya ha mohala oa optical, ntle le hore ts'ebetso e lokela ho ba e fapaneng ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa sehokelo.
Mofuta oa khokahano ea fiber
Khokelo ea fiber optic cable ka kakaretso e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli:
1) Khokahano e tsitsitseng ea fiber optical (eo hangata e tsejoang e le sehokelo se shoeleng). Ka kakaretso sebelisa optical fiber fusion splicer; e sebedisoang bakeng sa hlooho e otlolohileng ya thapo ya optical.
2) Sehokelo se sebetsang sa fiber optical (seo hangata se tsejoang e le sehokelo se phelang). Sebelisa lihokelo tse ntšitsoeng (tseo hangata li tsejoang e le manonyeletso a hlephileng). Bakeng sa fiber jumper, khokahanyo ea lisebelisoa, joalo-joalo.
Ka lebaka la ho se phethehe ha sefahleho sa ho qetela sa fiber optical le ho se ts'oane ha khatello sefahlehong sa ho qetela sa fiber optical, tahlehelo ea splice ea fiber ea optical ka ho tsoa e le 'ngoe e ntse e batla e le khōlō,' me mokhoa oa bobeli oa ho lahla ha motsoako. e se e sebelisoa. Ntlha ea pele, preheat le ho ntša sefahleho sa ho qetela sa fiber, theha sefahleho sa ho qetela, tlosa lerōle le lithōle, 'me u etse khatello ea ho qetela ea seaparo sa fiber ka ho futhumatsa pele.
Mokhoa oa ho beha leihlo bakeng sa tahlehelo ea khokahano ea fiber ea optical
Ho na le mekhoa e meraro ea ho lekola tahlehelo ea khokahano ea fiber:
1. Beha leihlo holim'a splicer.
2. Tlhokomelo ea mohloli oa leseli le meter ea matla a optical.
3.OTDR mokhoa oa ho lekanya
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso oa khokahano ea fiber ea optical
Ts'ebetso ea khokahano ea fiber ea optic hangata e arotsoe ka:
1. Ho sebetsana le lifahleho tsa fiber qetellong.
2. Ho kenngoa ha khokahanyo ea fiber optical.
3. Ho tšela fiber ea optical.
4. Tšireletso ea lihokelo tsa fiber optical.
5. Ho na le mehato e mehlano bakeng sa terei ea faeba e setseng.
Ka kakaretso, khokahano ea thapo eohle ea optical e etsoa ho latela mehato e latelang:
Mohato oa 1: bolelele bo bongata bo botle, bula le ho hlobola thapo ea optical, tlosa sheath ea cable
Mohato oa 2: Hloekisa 'me u tlose pente ea ho tlatsa peterole ka thapo ea optical.
Mohato oa 3: Kopanya fiber.
Mohato oa 4: Lekola palo ea li-fiber cores, etsa li-fiber pairing, 'me u hlahlobe hore na lileibole tsa mebala ea faeba li nepahetse.
Mohato oa 5: Matlafatsa khokahano ea pelo;
Mohato oa 6: Lipara tse fapaneng tse thusang, ho kenyeletsoa lipara tsa khoebo, lipara tsa taolo, mela e sirelelitsoeng, joalo-joalo (haeba lipara tse boletsoeng ka holimo li le teng.
Mohato oa 7: Kopanya fiber.
Mohato oa 8: Sireletsa sehokelo sa fiber optical;
Mohato oa 9: polokelo ea thepa ea fiber e setseng;
Mohato oa 10: Qetella ho hokahanya ha baki ea optical cable;
Mohato oa 11: Tšireletso ea lihokelo tsa fiber optic
Ho lahleheloa ke fiber
1310 nm: 0.35 ~ 0.5 dB / Km
1550 nm: 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / Km
850 nm: 2.3 ho 3.4 dB / Km
Tahlehelo ea ntlha ea fiber fusion ea mahlo: 0.08dB / ntlha
Fiber splicing ntlha 1 ntlha / 2km
Mabitso a tloaelehileng a fiber
1) Ho fokotseha
Attenuation: tahlehelo ea matla ha leseli le fetisoa ka fiber ea optical, fiber e le 'ngoe ea 1310nm 0.4 ~ 0.6dB / km, 1550nm 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / km; polasetiki ea multimode fiber 300dB / km
2) Phatlalatso
Phatlalatso: Bophahamo ba maqhubu a leseli boa eketseha ka mor'a ho tsamaea sebaka se itseng haufi le fiber. Ke eona ntlha e ka sehloohong e fokotsang sekhahla sa phetiso.
Phatlalatso ea li-inter-mode: E etsahala feela ka likhoele tsa multimode, hobane mefuta e fapaneng ea khanya e tsamaea litseleng tse fapaneng.
Phahamiso ea lintho tse bonahalang: Maqhubu a fapaneng a maqhubu a maeto a khanya ka lebelo le fapaneng.
Phatlalatso ea Waveguide: Sena se etsahala hobane matla a khanya a tsamaea ka lebelo le fapaneng hanyane ha a ntse a feta bohareng le masela. Ka fiber ea mofuta o le mong, ho bohlokoa haholo ho fetola ho hasana ha fiber ka ho fetola sebopeho sa ka hare sa fiber.
Mofuta oa Fiber
G.652 zero dispersion point is around 1300nm
G.653 zero dispersion point is around 1550nm
G.654 faeba ea ho hasana e mpe
G.655 dispersion-shifted fiber
Fiber e feletseng ea maqhubu
3) ho hasana
Ka lebaka la mohaho o sa phethahalang oa motheo oa leseli, ho lahleheloa ke matla a leseli ho bakoa, 'me ho fetisoa ha leseli ka nako ena ha ho sa na tataiso e ntle.
Tsebo ea mantlha ea sistimi ea fiber optic
Kenyelletso ea meralo le mesebetsi ea sistimi ea fiber optic ea mantlha:
1. Setsi sa ho romela: se fetola matšoao a motlakase hore e be lipontšo tsa optical;
2. Setsi sa phetiso: mochini o tsamaisang mats'oao a mahlo;
3. Sehlopha sa ho amohela: se amohela lipontšo tsa optical le ho li fetola lipontšo tsa motlakase;
4. Kopanya sesebelisoa: kopanya fiber ea optical ho mohloli oa leseli, ho lemoha leseli le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa optical.
Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea sehokelo
Mofuta oa sefahleho sa sehokelo
Banyalani
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong ke ho aba lipontšo tsa optical. Lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa li ho marang-rang a optical fiber, haholo marang-rang a sebaka sa lehae le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa wavelength division multiplexing.
sebopeho sa motheo
The coupler ke bidirectional passive device. Mefuta ea mantlha ke sefate le naleli. The coupler e lumellana le splitter.
WDM
WDM-Wavelength Division Multiplexer e fetisetsa lipontšo tse ngata tsa optical ka fiber e le 'ngoe ea optical. Lipontšo tsena tsa optical li na le maqhubu a fapaneng le mebala e fapaneng. Multiplexer ea WDM ke ho kopanya lipontšo tse ngata tsa optical ka har'a fiber e tšoanang ea optical; multiplexer ea demultiplexing ke ho khetholla matšoao a mangata a mahlo ho tloha ho optical fiber e le 'ngoe.
Multiplexer ea Wavelength Division (Legend)
Tlhaloso ea li-pulses tsamaisong ea dijithale:
1. Amplitude: Bophahamo ba pulse bo emela matla a matla a optical tsamaisong ea fiber optic.
2. Nako ea ho phahama: nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa pulse ho tloha ho 10% ho ea ho 90% ea amplitude e phahameng.
3. Nako ea ho oa: nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa pulse ho theoha ho tloha ho 90% ho ea ho 10% ea amplitude.
4. Pulse bophara: Bophara ba sekhahla sebakeng sa 50% sa amplitude, se hlalositsoeng ka nako.
5. Cycle: nako e itseng ea pulse ke nako ea ho sebetsa e hlokahalang ho phethela potoloho.
6. Karo-karolelano ea ho timela: Karo-karolelano ea matla a lebone la 1 ho matla a lebone a 0.
Tlhaloso ea likarolo tse tloaelehileng puisanong ea fiber optical:
1.dB = 10 log10 (Pout / Pin)
Pout: matla a tlhahiso; Pin: matla a ho kenya
2. dBm = 10 log10 (P / 1mw), e leng setsi se sebelisoang haholo ho boenjiniere ba puisano; hangata e emela matla a optical ka 1 milliwatt joalo ka sesupo;
mohlala:-10dBm e bolela hore matla a optical a lekana le 100uw.
3.dBu = 10 log10 (P / 1uw)