Khopolo ea mantlha ea puisano ea fiber ea optical.
Fiber ea optical ke dielectric optical waveguide, sebopeho sa waveguide se thibelang leseli le ho phatlalatsa leseli ka tsela ea axial.
Fiber e ntle haholo e entsoeng ka khalase ea quartz, resin ea maiketsetso, jj.
Mode o le mong fiber: konokono 8-10um, ho roala 125um
Multimode fiber: konokono 51um, cladding 125um
Mokhoa oa puisano oa ho fetisa mats'oao a optical ho sebelisa li-optical fibers o bitsoa optical fiber communication.
Maqhubu a khanya ke a sehlopha sa maqhubu a motlakase.
Bophahamo ba maqhubu a khanya e bonahalang ke 390-760 nm, karolo e kholo ho feta 760 nm ke leseli la infrared, 'me karolo e nyane ho feta 390 nm ke khanya ea ultraviolet.
Fesetere e sebetsang ea maqhubu a khanyang (fensetere tse tharo tsa puisano):
Leqhubu la maqhubu le sebelisoang puisanong ea fiber-optic le sebakeng se haufi le infrared
Sebaka sa maqhubu a makhutšoane (leseli le bonahalang, e leng lebone la lamunu ka leihlo le hlobotseng) 850nm lebone la lamunu
Sebaka se selelele sa maqhubu a maqhubu (sebaka se sa bonahaleng sa leseli) 1310 nm (theoretical bonyane ba sebaka sa ho qhalakanngoa), 1550 nm (sebaka sa theoretical attenuation point)
Sebopeho sa fiber le lihlopha
1.Sebopeho sa fiber
Sebopeho se setle sa fiber: konokono, ho roala, ho roala, baki.
Koko le li-cladding li entsoe ka thepa ea quartz, 'me thepa ea mochine e batla e fokola ebile e bonolo ho robeha. Ka hona, likarolo tse peli tsa lera la ho roala, mofuta o le mong oa resin le lera le le leng la mofuta oa nylon hangata li eketsoa, e le hore ts'ebetso e feto-fetohang ea fiber e fihlelle litlhoko tse sebetsang tsa morero.
2.Classification ea optical fibers
(1) Fiber e arotsoe ho ea ka kabo ea index ea refractive ea karolo ea sefapano sa fiber: e arotsoe ka fiber ea mofuta oa mohato (faeba e tšoanang) le fiber e lekantsoeng (fiber e sa tšoaneng).
Nka hore mantlha e na le index ea refractive ea n1 le index ea refractive ea cladding ke n2.
E le ho nolofalletsa mantlha ho fetisa leseli libakeng tse telele, boemo bo hlokahalang bakeng sa ho haha fiber ea optical ke n1> n2.
Kabo ea index ea refractive ea fiber e ts'oanang e lula e le teng
Molao oa kabo ea index ea refractive ea fiber e sa kopaneng:
Har'a bona, △ - phapang e amanang le index ea refractive
Α—refractive index, α=∞—faeba ea mofuta oa mohato oa refractive index, α=2—square-law refractive index distribution fiber (faeba e hlophisitsoeng). Fiber ena e bapisoa le likhoele tse ling tse graded.Mode dispersion minimal optimal.
(1) Ho ea ka palo ea mekhoa e fetisoang bohareng: e arotsoe ka fiber ea multimode le fiber e le 'ngoe.
Paterone mona e bua ka kabo ea lebala la khanya ea elektromagnetic le fetisoang ka fiber ea optical. Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa libaka ke mokhoa o fapaneng.
Mokhoa o le mong (mokhoa o le mong feela o fetisoa ka fiber), multimode (mefuta e mengata e fetisoa ka nako e le 'ngoe ka fiber)
Hona joale, ka lebaka la litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha ka sekhahla sa phetisetso le palo e ntseng e eketseha ea phetisetso, marang-rang a sebaka sa metse e meholo e ntse e tsoela pele ka tsela ea lebelo le leholo le matla a maholo, kahoo boholo ba bona ke mokhoa o le mong o hatang likhoele. (Litšobotsi tsa phetisetso ka boeona li betere ho feta fiber ea multimode)
(2) Litšobotsi tsa fiber optical:
① Litšobotsi tsa tahlehelo ea fiber optical: Maqhubu a khanyang a fetisoa ka har'a fiber ea optical, 'me matla a optical a fokotseha butle-butle ha sebaka sa phetisetso se ntse se eketseha.
Lisosa tsa tahlehelo ea fiber li kenyelletsa: tahlehelo ea ho kopanya, tahlehelo ea ho monya, tahlehelo ea ho hasana, le tahlehelo e kobehang ea mahlaseli.
Tahlehelo ea ho kopanya ke tahlehelo e bakoang ke ho kopana pakeng tsa fiber le sesebelisoa.
Tahlehelo ea ho monya e bakoa ke ho monngoa ha matla a leseli ke lisebelisoa tsa fiber le litšila.
Tahlehelo ea ho hasana e arotsoe ka Rayleigh scattering (refractive index non-uniformity) le ho hasana ha waveguide (ho se lekane ha lintho).
Tahlehelo ea mahlaseli a kobehang ke tahlehelo e bakoang ke ho kobeha ha fiber e lebisang ho mokhoa oa mahlaseli a bakoang ke ho kobeha ha fiber.
② Litšobotsi tsa ho qhalakanngoa ha fiber ea optical: Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa maqhubu ka pontšo e fetisitsoeng ke fiber ea optical li na le lebelo le fapaneng la phetisetso, 'me ketsahalo ea' mele ea ho sotha e bakoang ke ho pharalla ha molumo ha ho fihla setsing ho bitsoa dispersion.
Phallo e arotsoe ka mokhoa oa ho hasana, ho hasana ha lintho tse bonahalang, le ho hasana ha waveguide.
Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa litsamaiso tsa puisano tsa fiber optical
Romella karolo:
Phallo ea lets'oao la ho feto-fetoha ha pulse ke transmitter ea motlakase (terminal ea motlakase) e romelloa ho transmitter ea optical (letšoao le rometsoeng ke lenaneo le laoloang ke lenaneo.switjhae sebetsanoa, sebopeho sa maqhubu sea bōptjoa, mokhoa o fapaneng oa sebopeho o fetoloa ... ho ba lets'oao le loketseng la motlakase 'me le romelloa ho transmitter ea optical)
Karolo ea mantlha ea transmitter ea optical ke ho fetolela lets'oao la motlakase hore e be lets'oao la optical le kopantsoeng le fiber.
Karolo ea ho amohela:
Ho fetola matšoao a optical a fetisoang ka likhoele tsa optical hore e be lipontšo tsa motlakase
Ts'ebetso ea lets'oao la motlakase e khutlisetsoa ho lets'oao la pele la pulse modulated mme le romelloa setsing sa motlakase (lets'oao la motlakase le rometsoeng ke moamoheli oa optical le sebetsoa, leqhubu le bōpehile, tšitiso ea mohlala e fetotsoe… e khutlisetsoa ho programmableswitjha)
Karolo ea phetiso:
Fiber e nang le mokhoa o le mong, optical repeater (motlakase o tsosolosang motlakase (optical-electric-optical conversion amplification, ho lieha ha phetisetso ho tla ba kholoanyane, potoloho ea qeto ea pulse e tla sebelisoa ho theha waveform, le nako), erbium-doped fiber Amplifier (e phethela ho holisa boemong ba optical, ntle le sebopeho sa waveform)
(1) Transmitter ea optical: Ke transceiver ea optical e hlokomelang phetoho ea motlakase / optical. E na le mohloli o khanyang, mokhanni le modulator. Mosebetsi ke ho fetola leqhubu la leseli ho tloha mochining oa motlakase ho ea ho leqhubu la leseli le hlahisoang ke mohloli oa leseli hore le fetohe leqhubu le lerootho, ebe o kopanya leqhubu la optical le optical fiber kapa thapo ea optical bakeng sa phetiso.
(2) Optical receiver: ke transceiver ea optical e hlokomelang phetoho ea optical / motlakase. Moetso oa ts'ebeliso o entsoe ka potoloho ea leseli le amplifier ea optical, mme mosebetsi ke ho fetolela lets'oao la optical le fetisoang ke optical fiber kapa thapo ea optical hore e be lets'oao la motlakase ke sesebelisoa sa optical, ebe o holisa lets'oao le fokolang la motlakase ho boemo bo lekaneng ka potoloho ea amplifying e lokelang ho romelloa ho pontšo. Qetellong ea ho amohela mochine oa motlakase o ea.
(3) Fiber / Cable: Fiber kapa cable ke tsela ea phetiso ea leseli. Mosebetsi ke ho fetisetsa pontšo e fokolang e rometsoeng ke qetello ea ho fetisetsa ho mochine oa optical oa pheletso e amohelang ka mor'a hore ho fetisetsoe sebaka se selelele ka fiber ea optical kapa cable ea optical ho phethahatsa mosebetsi oa ho fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding.
(4) Optical repeater: e na le photodetector, mohloli o khanyang, le potoloho ea ho tsosolosoa ha liqeto. Ho na le mesebetsi e 'meli: e' ngoe ke ho lefella ho fokotsoa ha lets'oao la optical le fetisitsoeng ka fiber ea optical; e 'ngoe ke ho bopa sekhahla sa ho sotha ha waveform.
(5) Likarolo tse sa sebetseng joalo ka likhokahano tsa fiber optic, li-couplers (ha ho hlokahale ho fana ka matla ka thoko, empa sesebelisoa se ntse se lahleheloa): Hobane bolelele ba fiber kapa thapo bo lekanyelitsoe ke ts'ebetso ea ho taka le maemo a kaho ea thapo, le bolelele ba fiber le eona ke Moeli (mohlala, 2km). Ka hona, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le bothata ba hore bongata ba likhoele tsa optical li kopantsoe moleng o le mong oa optical fiber. Ka hona, khokahano lipakeng tsa likhoele tsa optical, ho hokahana le ho hokahana ha likhoele tsa optical le li-transceivers tsa optical, le ts'ebeliso ea likarolo tse sa sebetseng joalo ka lihokelo tsa optical le li-couplers ke tsa bohlokoa haholo.
Bokhabane ba puisano ea fiber ea optical
Phatlalatso ea bandwidth, bokhoni bo boholo ba puisano
Tahlehelo e tlase ea phetisetso le sebaka se seholo sa relay
Tšitiso e matla ea anti-electromagnetic
(Ka ntle ho waelese: matšoao a se nang mohala a na le litlamorao tse ngata, melemo e mengata, litlamorao tsa moriti, ho putlama ha Rayleigh, litlamorao tsa Doppler
Ha ho bapisoa le thapo ea coaxial: lets'oao la optical le leholo ho feta thapo ea coaxial mme le na le lekunutu le letle)
Maqhubu a maqhubu a khanya a phahame haholo, ha a bapisoa le maqhubu a mang a motlakase, tšitiso e nyane.
Mefokolo ea cable ea optical: thepa e fokolang ea mechine, e bonolo ho senya, (ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mechine, e tla ba le tšusumetso ea ho hanyetsa tšitiso), ho nka nako e telele ho haha, 'me ho angoa ke maemo a sebaka.