Ka lebaka la lintlafatso tse ngata le likhatelopele tsa theknoloji ho Hardware, software, liprothokholo le litekanyetso, ts'ebeliso e atileng ea VoIP haufinyane e tla phethahala. Khatelo-pele ea theknoloji libakeng tsena li kentse letsoho ho theheng marang-rang a VoIP a sebetsang hantle, a sebetsang, le a sebelisanang. Lintlha tsa tekheniki tse khothaletsang nts'etsopele e potlakileng esita le ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea VoIP li ka akaretsoa ka lintlha tse latelang.
1. Digital Signal Processor
Li-Advanced Digital Signal processors (DSPS) li etsa mesebetsi e matla ea khomphutha e hlokehang bakeng sa kopanyo ea lentsoe le data. Ts'ebetso ea DSP ea matshwao a dijithale e sebelisoa haholo ho etsa lipalo tse rarahaneng tse neng li ka tlameha ho etsoa ke CPU ea sepheo se akaretsang. Matla a bona a khethehileng a ho sebetsa a kopantsoe le litšenyehelo tse tlase a etsa hore DSPS e lokele ho etsa mesebetsi ea ts'ebetso ea matšoao lits'ebetsong tsa VoIP
The computational overhead of G.729 speech compression on single voice stream hangata e kgolo, e hlokang 20MIPS. Haeba ho hlokahala hore ho be le CPU e bohareng ho sebetsana le melaetsa e mengata ea lentsoe, ho etsa mesebetsi ea tsamaiso le tsamaiso ka nako e le 'ngoe, ke ntho e sa utloahaleng. Ka hona, ts'ebeliso ea DSPS e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta e ka theola mesebetsi ea computational ea algorithm e rarahaneng ea compression ea puo ka har'a eona ho tloha bohareng ba CPU.Ho feta moo, DSPS e boetse e loketse ho lemoha mosebetsi oa lentsoe le mesebetsi ea ho hlakola echo, kahoo ba ka sebetsana le data ea lentsoe. phallela ka nako ea 'nete 'me u be le phihlello e potlakileng ea memori ea boto .Kahoo, Khaolong ena, mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong likhoutu tsa puo le ho hlakoloa ha molumo ho sethaleng sa TMS320C6201DSP se hlahisoa ka botlalo.
Protocols le standard Software and hardware H.323 Weighted fair queuing method DSP MPLS label switching weighted randomly discovery early Advanced ASIC RTP, RTCP Double Funnel Universal Cell rate algorithm DWDM RSVP rated access Rate SONET Diffserv, CAR Cisco Fast Forwarding CPU Processing power G.729 , G.729a:CS-ACELP Tafole e Atolositsoeng ea ho fihlella ADSL, RADSL, SDSL FRF.11/FRF.12 token bucket algorithm Multilink PPP Frame Relay data rectification SIP Ho kopanya ha CoS Packet ea bohlokoa ho feta SONET IP le ATM QoS/CoS
2, Lipotoloho tse kopaneng tse inehetseng tse tsoetseng pele
Nts'etsopele ea Application-Specific Integrated Circait (ASIC) e hlahisitse ASIC e potlakileng, e rarahaneng le e sebetsang haholoanyane. Asics ke lichifi tse khethehileng tsa kopo tse sebelisang ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe kapa sehlopha se senyenyane sa mesebetsi. Ka ho shebana le sepheo se moqotetsane sa ts'ebeliso, li ka ntlafatsoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ebetso e itseng 'me hangata e le taelo e le' ngoe kapa tse 'maloa tsa boholo ka potlako Joalo ka ha litaelo tse fokolitsoeng Seta komporo (RSIC) li shebane le ho etsa palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea ts'ebetso kapele, ASICS e lokiselitsoe esale pele. ho etsa palo e lekantsoeng ya mesebetsi kapele. Ha e se e ntlafalitsoe, tlhahiso ea boima ba ASIC ha e theko e boima ebile e sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang ho kenyeletsali-routersle li-switches, ho etsa tlhahlobo ea tafole ea routing, ho fetisa ka lihlopha, ho hlopha ka lihlopha le ho hlahloba, le ho koloka. Tšebeliso ea ASIC e fa sesebelisoa ts'ebetso e phahameng le litšenyehelo tse tlase. Ba fana ka li-broadband tse eketsehileng le tšehetso e ntle ea QoS bakeng sa marang-rang, kahoo ba bapala karolo e kholo ho nts'etsopele ea VoIP.
3, theknoloji ea phetisetso ea IP
Boholo ba marang-rang a lithelefono tsa phetisetso a sebelisa mokhoa oa ho arola li-multiplexing tsa nako, athe Marang-rang a tlameha ho amohela tšebeliso ea lipalo-palo hape le mokhoa o molelele oa phapanyetsano ea lipakete. Ha ho bapisoa le tse peli, ho na le tekanyo e phahameng ea tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, ho hokahanya ha marang-rang ho bonolo le ho atlehang, 'me ho loketse haholo bakeng sa litšebeletso tsa data, e leng e' ngoe ea mabaka a bohlokoa bakeng sa tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea Inthanete. Leha ho le joalo, puisano ea marang-rang ea Broadband IP e fana ka litlhoko tse matla ho QoS le litšobotsi tsa ho lieha, kahoo nts'etsopele ea lipalo-palo tse fapaneng tsa theknoloji ea ho fetola lipakete tse fapaneng li hohetse tlhokomelo ea batho. Hona joale, ho phaella molokong o mocha oa IP protocol-ipv6, World Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) e hlahisitse theknoloji ea Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS), e leng mofuta oa theknoloji ea ho fetola label / label e thehiloeng holim'a marang-rang. routing, e ka ntlafatsang ho feto-fetoha ha mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa, ho holisa bokhoni ba ho tsamaisa marang-rang, ho nolofatsa kopanyo eali-routersle ho fetola lisele. Ho ntlafatsa Ts'ebetso ea Marang-rang. MPLS e ke ke ea sebetsa feela e le protocol e ikemetseng ea ho tsamaisa marang-rang, empa hape e ka tsamaellana le protocol e teng ea ho tsamaisa marang-rang. E ts'ehetsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso, tsamaiso le tlhokomelo ea marang-rang a IP, 'me e ntlafatsa haholo QoS, ts'ebetso ea ho tsamaisa le ho bonts'a ts'ebetso ea puisano ea marang-rang ea IP, ho fihla kapa ho atamela boemo ba lipalo-palo tsa lipalo-palo tse tsitsitseng Fixed Length packet switching (ATM). E bonolo, e sebetsa hantle, e theko e tlase ebile e sebetsa ho feta ATM.
IETF e boetse e sebetsa ka mekhoa e mecha ea tsamaiso ea liphutheloana e teng ho nolofalletsa QoS routing. Theknoloji ea tunneling e ntse e ithutoa molemong oa ho fihlella phetiso ea Broadband holim'a lihokelo tse sa sebetseng. Ho phaella moo, mokhoa oa ho khetha sethaleng sa phetisetso ea marang-rang ea IP e boetse e le sebaka sa bohlokoa sa lipatlisiso lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'me IP holim'a ATM, IP holim'a SDH, IP holim'a DWDM le theknoloji e meng e hlahile ka ho latellana.
IP layer e fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa phihlello ea IP ea boleng bo holimo ka litiisetso tse itseng tsa lits'ebeletso ho basebelisi ba IP. Sebaka sa mosebedisi se fana ka foromo ea ho fumana (IP access le broadband access) le foromo ea litaba tsa tšebeletso. Sebakeng sa motheo, Ethernet ke lera la 'mele la marang-rang a IP, ke taba ea sebele, empa IP overDWDM ke theknoloji ea morao-rao,' me e na le e ntle haholo. bokgoni ba ntshetsopele.
Dense Wave Division MultipLexing (DWDM) e phefumolohile bophelo bo bocha ho marang-rang a fiber mme e fane ka bandwidth e makatsang ho marang-rang a macha a fiber backbone a lik'hamphani tsa mehala. Theknoloji ea DWDM e sebelisa bokhoni ba likhoele tsa optical le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa optical transmission. Lebitso la ho arola maqhubu a multiplexing le tsoa ho phetiso ea maqhubu a mangata a leseli (LASER) ho tloha moleng o le mong oa fiber optical. Litsamaiso tsa hajoale li khona ho romella le ho tsebahatsa maqhubu a 16, athe litsamaiso tsa nako e tlang li ka ts'ehetsa 40 ho isa ho 96 wavelengths e felletseng. Sena ke sa bohlokoa hobane bolelele bo bong le bo bong bo eketsehileng bo eketsa phallo e eketsehileng ea tlhahisoleseling. Kahoo marang-rang a 2.6 Gbit / s (OC-48) a ka atolosoa ka makhetlo a 16 ntle le ho beha likhoele tse ncha.
Boholo ba marang-rang a macha a macha a tsamaisa OC-192 ho (9.6 Gbit / s), a hlahisa matla a fetang 150 Gbit / s holim'a likhoele tse peli ha a kopantsoe le DWDM. Ho phaella moo, DWDM e fana ka protocol ea interface le litšoaneleho tse ikemetseng tse potlakileng, ka fiber e ka khonang. ts'ehetsa phetiso ea matšoao a ATM, SDH le Gigabit Ethernet ka nako e le 'ngoe, kahoo e ka lumellana le marang-rang a sa tšoaneng a hahiloeng hona joale, kahoo DWDM e ke ke ea sireletsa mehaho e teng feela, empa hape e ka fana ka marang-rang a matla a mokokotlo bakeng sa ISP. le lik'hamphani tsa telecom tse nang le bandwidth ea eona e kholo. 'Me u etse hore Broadband e theko e tlaase ebile e fumaneha haholoanyane, e fanang ka tšehetso e matla bakeng sa litlhoko tsa bandwidth tsa tharollo ea VoIP.
Sekhahla sa phetisetso e ntseng e eketseha ha se fane feela ka phaephe e teteaneng e nang le monyetla o fokolang oa ho thibela, empa hape e etsa hore tieho e fokotsehe haholo, ka hona e ka fokotsa litlhoko tsa QoS ho marang-rang a IP haholo.
4. Theknoloji ea ho kena ka Broadband
Ho fihlella ha basebelisi ba marang-rang a IP ho fetohile bothata bo thibelang nts'etsopele ea marang-rang kaofela. Ha nako e ntse e ea, sepheo sa mantlha sa phihlello ea basebelisi ke fiber-to-the-hae (FTTH). Ha re bua ka mokhoa o pharalletseng, marang-rang a phihlello ea mahlo a kenyelletsa sistimi ea optical digital loop carriers le passive optical network. Ea pele e haholo-holo United States, e kopantsoe le molomo o bulehileng V5.1 / V5.2, e fetisetsa tsamaiso ea eona e kopanetsoeng holim'a fiber ea optical, e bontšang matla a maholo. Tse latelang li haholo-holo Japane le Jeremane. Japane e 'nile ea phehella ho etsa lipatlisiso ka nako e fetang lilemo tse leshome,' me e nkile letoto la mehato ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa marang-rang a sa sebetseng ho ea boemong bo tšoanang le lithapo tsa koporo le lithapo tsa tšepe tse sothehileng, le palo e kholo ea tšebeliso. Haholo-holo lilemong tsa morao tjena, ITU e hlahisitse ATM e thehiloeng Passive Optical Network (APON), e kopanyang melemo ea ATM le marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang. Sekhahla sa ho fihlella se ka fihla ho 622M bit / s, e leng molemo haholo ho nts'etsopele ea litšebeletso tsa multimedia IP ea Broadband, 'me e ka fokotsa sekhahla sa ho hlōleha le palo ea li-node, le ho atolosa sebaka sa tšireletso. Hajoale, ITU e phethile mosebetsi oa maemo, 'me bahlahisi ba fapaneng ba ntse ba e ntlafatsa ka mafolofolo. Haufinyane ho tla ba le lihlahisoa 'marakeng,' me e tla fetoha tataiso e ka sehloohong ea nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea phihlello ea Broadband e shebaneng le lekholo la bo21 la lilemo.
Hajoale, mahlale a mantlha a phihlello ke :PSTN, IADN, ADSL, CM, DDN, X.25, Ethernet le sistimi ea phihlello ea waelese e sephara. Litheknoloji tsena tsa phihlello li na le litšobotsi tsa tsona, tseo har'a tsona tse ntseng li tsoela pele ka potlako ke ADSL le CM; CM (Modem ea Cable) e amohela cable ea coaxial e nang le tekanyo e phahameng ea phetisetso le bokhoni bo matla ba ho thibela ho kena-kenana; empa eseng phetiso ea litsela tse peli, ha ho na maemo a kopaneng.
ADSL(Asymmetrical Digital Loop) e fana ka phihlello e ikhethileng ho Broadband, e sebelisa ka botlalo marang-rang a teng a mehala, hape e fana ka sekhahla sa phetisetso ea asymmetric. Sekhahla sa ho jarolla lehlakoreng la mosebelisi se ka fihla ho 8 Mbit/s, 'me sekhahla sa ho jarolla lehlakoreng la mosebelisi se ka fihla ho 1M bit/s. ADSL e fana ka marang-rang a hlokahalang bakeng sa likhoebo le basebelisi ka bomong, 'me e fokotsa litšenyehelo haholo. Ka ho sebelisa lipotoloho tsa libaka tsa ADSL tse theko e tlaase, lik'hamphani li se li ka khona ho kena Inthaneteng le VPN e thehiloeng ho mofani oa litšebeletso tsa Inthanete ka lebelo le phahameng, e leng se lumellang hore ho be le mohala o phahameng oa VoIP.
5. Theknoloji ea setsi sa ho sebetsa bohareng
Litsi tsa tšebetso tse bohareng (cpus) li tsoela pele ho fetoha ho latela ts'ebetso, matla le lebelo. Sena se nolofalletsa li-PCS tsa multimedia hore li sebelisoe haholo le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mesebetsi ea sistimi e lekantsoeng ke matla a CPU. Bokhoni ba PCS ba ho sebetsana le data ea audio le video e pharalletseng esale e lebelletsoe ho tsoa ho basebelisi, kahoo ho fana ka mehala ea lentsoe ka marang-rang a data e ne e le mohato o latelang o utloahalang. Bokhoni bona ba khomphutha bo thusa ka bobeli lits'ebetso tse tsoetseng pele tsa komporo ea multimedia le likarolo tse tsoetseng pele likarolong tsa marang-rang ho tšehetsa lits'ebetso tsa lentsoe.
VOIP ke ea ronaONUletoto la lihlahisoa tsa marang-rang khoebong, le lihlahisoa tse chesang tsa marang-rang tsa khampani ea rona li koahela mefuta e sa tšoaneng eaONUletoto, ho kenyeletsoa ACONU/ puisanoONU/ bohlaleONU/ lebokoseONU/ boema-kepe ba PON habeliONU, joalo-joalo.
E kaholimoONUlihlahisoa tsa letoto li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa litlhoko tsa marang-rang tsa maemo a fapaneng. Rea u amohela ho ba le kutloisiso e qaqileng ea tekheniki ea lihlahisoa.
