I-Fiber-optic communication(FTTx) ibisoloko ithathwa njengeyona ndlela ithembisayo yokufikelela kwibroadband emva kokufikelela kwibroadband ye-DSL. Ngokungafaniyo nonxibelelwano olujijekileyo oluqhelekileyo, inomsebenzi ophezulu wokusebenza kunye nomthamo omkhulu (unokusekwe kubasebenzisi abafuna ukuphuculwa ukuya kwi-bandwidth ekhethekileyo ye-10-100Mbps), ukuthomalalisa okuncinci, akukho kuphazamiseka kombane okunamandla, amandla e-anti-electromagnetic pulse, imfihlo elungileyo kunye njalo njalo.
I-Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) ibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela kwiifomathi ezifana ne-FTTP eqhelekileyo (i-Fiber kwi-Presise, i-FiberToThePremise), i-FTTB (i-Fiber kwi-Building, i-FiberToTheBuilding), i-FTTC (i-Fiber ukuya kwi-Roadside, i-FiberToTheCurb), i-FTTN (i-Fiber ukuya kwi-Neighbourhood, I-FiberToTheNeighborhood), i-FTTZ (i-Fiber kwi-Zone, i-FiberToTheZone), i-FTTO (i-Fiber kwi-Ofisi, i-FiberToTheOffice), i-FTTH (i-Fiber kwiKhaya okanye i-Fiber ukuya kwiKhaya, i-FiberToTheHome).
I-FTTH lolona khetho lulungileyo lwefayibha ukungena ngqo ekhaya
Kubasebenzisi abaninzi basekhaya, i-FTTH lolona khetho lulungileyo. Le fom inokudibanisa i-fiber optical kunye neyunithi yenethiwekhi ebonakalayo (I-ONU) ngqo ekhayeni. Ziintlobo ngeentlobo zefiber broadband ukufikelela ngaphandle kweFTTD (ifayibha kwidesktop, iFiberToTheDesk). Indlela yokufikelela kwifiber ekufutshane kakhulu kumsebenzisi.Ngokwenziwa ngokubanzi kwendlela yokufikelela kwifiber broadband, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ufikelelo lwangoku lwe-FTTH lwe-broadband alubhekiseli nje kwifayibha ekhaya, kwaye libhekiselele ngokubanzi kwiifayibha ezahlukeneyo. -ukuya-ekhaya iifom zofikelelo ezifana neFTTO, FTTD, kunye neFTTN.
Ukongezelela, umfundi kufuneka anikele ingqalelo kumahluko phakathi kwe-"FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN) yangoku yeskimu sokufikelela kwi-broadband ekuqondeni i-FTTH.FTTx + LAN isisombululo sokufikelela kwi-broadband esenza "100Mbps kwiseli okanye isakhiwo, i-1 -10Mbps ukuya ekhaya” usebenzisa ifayibha +5 imowudi ejijekileyotshintshakunye ne-ofisi ephakathitshintshakunye neyunithi yenethiwekhi ebonakalayo (I-ONU) Ixhunyiwe, iseli isebenzisa iCandelo 5 i-twisted pair cabling, kwaye izinga lokufikelela komsebenzisi linokufikelela kwi-1-10Mbps.
Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ye-bandwidth yentsapho enye ye-FTTH, i-bandwidth yeFTTx + LAN yabelwana ngabasebenzisi abaninzi okanye iintsapho. Xa kukho abasebenzisi abaninzi ababelanayo, i-bandwidth okanye isantya senethiwekhi yeFTTx + LAN kunzima ukuqinisekisa.
FTTH umgangatho wobugcisa
Okwangoku, kubonakala ngathi i-ADSL2 + kunye ne-FTTH ye-bandwidth-ekhethekileyo ibe yindlela ehamba phambili yokuphuhliswa kwe-broadband kwixesha elizayo.Kwiteknoloji ye-FTTH, emva kwe-APON (ATMPON), ngoku kukho umgangatho weGPON (GigabitPON) ophuhliswe yi-ITU / I-FSAN, kunye nemigangatho emibini ye-EPON (EthernetPON) ephuhliswe yi-IEEE802.3ah iqela lokusebenza likhuphisana.
Ubuchwephesha be-GPON sisizukulwana esitsha sokufikelela kumgangatho we-broadband passive optical integred access standard esekwe kumgangatho we-ITU-TG.984.x. I-bandwidth ekhoyo malunga ne-1111 Mbit / s. Nangona itekhnoloji inzima, ine-bandwidth ephezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukugubungela okukhulu kunye nabasebenzisi. Izinto eziluncedo zojongano olutyebileyo ziqwalaselwa ngabasebenzisi abathile baseYurophu nabaseMelika njengobuchwephesha obufanelekileyo bokufikelela kwiinkonzo zenethiwekhi yebroadband.
Isisombululo se-EPON sinokulinganisa okulungileyo kwaye sinokuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zefiber ukuya ekhaya
I-EPON (i-Ethernet Passive Optical Network) ikwaluhlobo olutsha lweteknoloji yokufikelela kwifiber yenethiwekhi. I-bandwidth esebenzayo yokuhanjiswa kwe-uplink yi-1000 Mbit / s. Yamkela i-point-to-multipoint structure kunye ne-passive optical fiber transmission, kwaye inokubonelela ngeentlobo ezininzi kwi-Ethernet. Ishishini lidibanisa iingenelo zobuchwepheshe bePON kunye nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet, eneendleko eziphantsi, i-bandwidth ephezulu, i-scalability enamandla, ukuhambelana kakuhle kunye ne-Ethernet ekhoyo, kunye nokulawula okulula. Isetyenziswa eAsia, njenge China kunye neJapan. Olubanzi ngakumbi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo ye-PON fiber yenziweOLT(Itheminali yomgca wokuLayina, iSitena soMmandla weOptical), i-POS (iPassive Optical Splitter),I-ONU(Iyunithi yeNethiwekhi ye-Optical) kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwenethiwekhi .Ezi nxalenye zifakwe yi-installer ye-ISP ngexesha lofakelo, kwaye abasebenzisi basekhaya ngokwabo abanalo iimeko zokuzimisa ngokwabo.
FTTH uyilo
Ngokubhekiselele kwimisebenzi ethile, iOLTibekwe kwi-ofisi ephakathi ye-ISP kwaye inoxanduva loqhagamshelo, ulawulo, nokugcinwa kwejelo lolawulo.Owona mgama mkhulu wothumelo phakathi kwesixhoboOLTkwaye iI-ONUinokufikelela kwi-10-20km okanye ngaphezulu. IOLTinomsebenzi owahlulayo ukuvavanya umgama obhadlileyo phakathi kwesinyeI-ONUkwaye iOLT, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, iI-ONUiyalelwe ukuba ilungelelanise ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa komqondiso ukwenza okwahlukileyo. Iimpawu ezithunyelwa yiIi-ONUwomgama unokuphindwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye kwiOLT.OLTizixhobo ngokubanzi kwakhona babe bandwidth umsebenzi ukwabiwa, leyo inokwaba bandwidth ethile yiOLTngokweemfuno zeI-ONU. Ngaphezu koko, iOLTisixhobo sinophawu lwehabhu yenqaku-to-multipoint, kunye neOLTingathwala 32Ii-ONU(kwaye inokwandiswa emva koko), nazo zonkeIi-ONUngaphantsi nganyeOLTukwabelana nge-bandwidth ye-1G ngokusebenzisa ulwahlulo lwexesha lokuphindaphinda, oko kukuthi, nganyeI-ONUinokubonelela phezulu nangaphantsi I-bandwidth ephezulu yi-1 Gbps.
I-POS i-passive fiber splitter, i-splitter okanye i-spliter, sisixhobo sokwenziwa esidibanisaOLTkwaye iI-ONU. Umsebenzi wayo kukusasaza igalelo (ezantsi) imiqondiso ye-optical kwizibuko ezininzi zemveliso, okwenza abasebenzisi abaninzi kwiFibre enye kwabelwane ngayo ukwabelana nge-bandwidth; kwicala elingasentla, ezininziI-ONUImiqondiso ye-optical yi-time-division multiplexed ibe yifayibha enye.
I-ONUngokubanzi ine-1-32 100M izibuko kwaye inokudityaniswa kwiitheminali ezahlukeneyo zothungelwano
II-ONUsisixhobo esisetyenziswa yi-UE ukufikelela kumsebenzisi wokugqibela okanye kwipasejitshintsha. Ifayibha enye ye-optical inokongeza ixesha-i-multiplex idatha ye-multipleIi-ONUkwenyeOLTizibuko ngokusebenzisa i-passive optical splitter.Ngenxa yepoint-to-multipoint tree topology, utyalo-mali lwesixhobo sohlanganiso luyancitshiswa, kwaye inqanaba lothungelwano nalo licace ngakumbi.I-ONUizixhobo ziqinisekiletshintshaimisebenzi. Ujongano oluphezulu lujongano lwePON. Idityaniswe kwibhodi yojongano lweOLTisixhobo ngaphaya kwesiqhekeza se-optical esenziwayo. I-downlink ixhunyiwe nge-1-32 100-Gigabit okanye i-Gigabit RJ45 port. Izixhobo zedatha, njengeiiswitshi, ibroadbandiirotha, iikhomputha, iifowuni ze-IP, iibhokisi ze-set-top, njl., yenza i-point-to-multipoint deployment.
Indlela yokunxibelelana kusapho
Ngokubanzi, FTTH ukuya kwiI-ONUizixhobo ze-terminal ziya kubonelela ubuncinane ezine 100M RJ45 ujongano. Kubasebenzisi abaneekhompyuter ezine eziqhagamshelwe ngamakhadi enethiwekhi enentambo, banokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeekhompyuter ezininzi ezabelana ngofikelelo lwe-Intanethi ekhaya. Ukongeza, kwiinethiwekhi zeFTTH zisebenzisa i-IP eguqukayo, abasebenzisi banokuqhagamshela kuyoiiswitshiokanye ii-APs ezingenazingcingo zokwandiswa kweenethiwekhi ezineengcingo kunye nee-wireless njengoko kufuneka.
Ibroadband yangokuiirothainokuxhasa ngokugqibeleleyo izisombululo zofikelelo ze-FTTH
Kwiitheminali ze-FTTH ezibonelela kuphela nge-100M RJ45 ujongano usebenzisa i-IP esisigxina, zinokwandiswa nge-broadbandumzilaokanye wirelessumzila.Kwisicwangciso, kwi-WEB kuphela ujongano lwezicwangciso zeumzila, fumana i "WAN port" ukhetho, khetha uhlobo loqhagamshelo WAN port njenge "IP static" imowudi, uze ufake idilesi ye IP kunye subnet enikwe yi ISP kujongano olulandelayo. Imaski, isango kunye nedilesi ye-DNS zonke zilungile.
Ukongeza, abasebenzisi be-broadband ethengiweyoiirothaokanye wirelessiirothakufuneka isetyenziswe njengetshintshaokanye wireless AP kwinethiwekhi FTTH. Nika ingqalelo kula manqaku alandelayo xa useta:Ukusebenzisa ucingoumzilanjengetshintshaokanye wireless AP, faka iperi ejijekileyo iplagi ukusuka kwiI-ONUisixhobo ngqo kulo naluphi na ujongano kwizibuko le-LAN ye-router. Kwiphepha lolawulo leumzila, cima umsebenzi womncedisi we DHCP ovulwe ngokungagqibekanga.Seta idilesi ye IP yeumzilakwaye iI-ONUisixhobo esisebenzisa i-IP eguqukayo njengecandelo elifanayo lenethiwekhi.
Ekubeni ukufikelela kwefiber kunika i-bandwidth engenamkhawulo, iFiber kwiKhaya (FTTH) yaziwa ngokuba "yinkosi" yexesha le-broadband kwaye yinjongo yokugqibela yophuhliso lwe-broadband. Emva kokuba ifayibha iziswe ekhaya, isantya se-Intanethi somsebenzisi sinokunyuswa kakhulu kwakhona. Kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukukhuphela imovie yeDVD eyi-500MB, ekhawuleza kalishumi kunesisombululo sangoku seADSL. Ngokucuthwa okuqhubekayo kweendleko zokwakhiwa kwe-FTTH, ukukhanya kwikhaya kuya kuhamba ukusuka ephupheni ukuya kwinyani.