Iprotocol yokwabiwa kwe-HCP eguqukayo isetyenziswa kakhulu ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi yemihla ngemihla, njenge-Intanethi yasekhayaumzilangumncedisi weDHCP. Xa siseta umxhasi ukuba afumane idilesi ye-IP ngokuzenzekelayo, iseva ye-DHCP inika idilesi ye-IP kumxhasi ngokweprotocol yeDHCP.I-ONUinokusetyenziswa kwakhona njengabancedisi be-DHCP.
Iprothokholi yeDHCP yabela ngokuzenzekelayo iipakethi ze-IP zeentlobo ezine eziphambili:
I-DHCP Fumanisa: Thumela ngumxhasi ukufumana iseva yeDHCP.
I-DHCP Unikezelo: Thumela ngeseva ye-DHCP, ixelela umxhasi ukuba ndingabonelela ngedilesi ye-IP.
Isicelo se-DHCP: Thumela ngumxhasi uxelela umncedisi we-DHCP ohambelanayo ukuba ndifuna idilesi ye-IP.
I-DHCP ACK: Ikhutshwe ngumncedisi we-DHCP ukunika idilesi ye-IP yempendulo yomxhasi.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-DHCP: Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxhasi uvaliwe okanye ungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi. Lo myalezo uza kubangela ukuba umncedisi we DHCP akhulule idilesi ye IP yomxhasi othumela lo myalezo.
Ulwazi lweDHCP: Umyalezo othunyelwe ngumthengi ocela ulwazi oluthile kwiseva.
I-DHCP Yehla: Xa umxhasi efumanisa ukuba idilesi ye-IP eyabelwe ngumncedisi ayifumaneki (efana neengxabano zedilesi ye-IP), lo myalezo ukhutshwa ukwazisa umncedisi ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa kwedilesi ye-IP.
Ngexesha lonxibelelwano lwe-DHCP, i-UDP isetyenziswa njengeprotocol yokudlulisela. Umamkeli uthumela isicelo kwi-server ye-DHCP port 67 kwaye umncedisi uphendula umyalezo kwi-host port 68.
1. Isigaba sokufumanisa, apho umxhasi weDHCP ekhangela iseva yeDHCP (DHCPdiscover)
Umxhasi we-DHCP uthumela i-DHCPdiscover yokufumanisa ulwazi lokufumana iseva ye-DHCP kwimodi yokusasazwa (kuba idilesi ye-IP yomncedisi we-DHCP ayaziwa kumthengi), oko kukuthi, ulwazi oluthile losasazo kwidilesi 255.255.255.255. Wonke umkhosi kwinethiwekhi kunye ne-TCP / IP protocol uya kufumana lo myalezo wosasazo, kodwa ngumncedisi we-DHCP kuphela oya kuphendula.
2.Isigaba sokubonelela, apho iseva ye-DHCP ibonelela ngedilesi ye-IP (DHCPoffer)
Umncedisi we-DHCP ngamnye kuthungelwano ofumana ukufunyanwa kwe-DHCPdiscover uphendula ngokukhetha enye yeedilesi ze-IP ezingekaqeshwa kumxhasi we-DHCP kunye nokuthumela umnikelo we-DHCPoffer oqulethe idilesi ye-IP eqeshiweyo kunye nezinye iiSetingi kumthengi we-DHCP.
3. Isigaba sokhetho, apho umxhasi weDHCP ekhetha idilesi ye-IP enikwe ngumncedisi weDHCP (DHCPrequest)
Ukuba kukho ngaphezu kweseva enye ye-DHCP enikezela ngolwazi kwi-DHCPoffer ethunyelwe ngumxhasi we-DHCP, umxhasi we-DHCP wamkela kuphela i-DHCPoffer yokuqala enika ulwazi olufunyenweyo, kwaye emva koko iphendule ulwazi lwesicelo se-DHCPe kwimo yosasazo. Olu lwazi luqulethe isicelo sedilesi ye-IP yeseva ye-DHCP yokhetho lwayo. Isizathu sokuphendula kwimodi yokusasaza kukwazisa zonke iiseva zeDHCP ukuba uya kukhetha idilesi ye-IP enikezwe ngumncedisi we-DHCP.
4. Isigaba sokuqinisekisa, apho iseva ye-DHCP iqinisekisa idilesi ye-IP enikiweyo (DHCPack)
Xa iseva ye-DHCP ifumana ulwazi lwesicelo se-DHCP oluphendulwe ngumxhasi we-DHCP, ithumela umyalezo wokuvuma we-DHCP kumxhasi we-DHCP ngedilesi ye-IP eyinikezile kunye nezinye iiSetingi ukuxelela umxhasi we-DHCP ukuba unokusebenzisa idilesi ye-IP eyinikezile. Umxhasi we-DHCP emva koko ubophelela i-protocol ye-TCP/IP kwikhadi lenethiwekhi, kwaye zonke iiseva ze-DHCP, ngaphandle kwalowo ukhethwe ngumthengi we-DHCP, zibuyisela idilesi ye-IP enikiweyo.
5. Ngena kwakhona (DHCPRequest)
Kwixesha elizayo, ixesha ngalinye umxhasi we-DHCP engena kwinethiwekhi kwakhona, akufuneki ukuba athumele i-DHCPdiscover yokufumanisa ulwazi kwakhona, kodwa ithumela ngokuthe ngqo ulwazi lwesicelo se-DHCP equkethe idilesi ye-IP eyabelwe ngaphambili. Xa iseva ye-DHCP ifumana olu lwazi, izama ukuvumela umxhasi we-DHCP ukuba aqhubeke esebenzisa idilesi ye-IP yoqobo kunye neempendulo nge-DHCPack yokuvuma. Ukuba idilesi ye-IP ayisakwazi ukunikezelwa kumthengi wokuqala we-DHCP (ukuba idilesi ye-IP sele yabelwe omnye umxhasi we-DHCP), umncedisi we-DHCP uphendula umyalezo wokukhanyela we-DHCPnack kumxhasi we-DHCP. Xa umxhasi we-DHCP wentsusa efumana lo myalezo wokukhanyela we-DHCPnack, kufuneka ithumele kwakhona i-DHCPdiscover umyalezo wokufunyanwa ukuze icele idilesi ye-IP entsha.
6. Hlaziya ingqesho
Idilesi ye-IP eqeshwe ngumncedisi we-DHCP kumxhasi we-DHCP idla ngokuba nexesha lokuqeshisa, emva koko umncedisi we-DHCP uya kuthatha idilesi ye-IP eqeshiweyo. Ukuba umthengi we-DHCP ufuna ukwandisa i-IP yakhe yokuqeshisa, kufuneka ahlaziye i-IP yakhe yokuqeshisa. Umxhasi we-DHCP uthumela ngokuzenzekelayo ulwazi kwiseva ye-DHCP ukuze ihlaziye i-IP yayo yokuqeshisa zombini xa umthengi we-DHCP eqalisiwe kwaye xa uqeshiso lwe-IP luphelile.
Ulwabiwo lwe-DHCP oluguqukayo lukwayenye yethuI-ONUiimveliso zenethiwekhi, kunye neemveliso zethu ezinxulumene nenethiwekhi ezishushu zigubungela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeI-ONUiimveliso series, kuquka ACI-ONU/ unxibelelwanoI-ONU/ okrelekreleI-ONU/ ibhokisiI-ONU/ izibuko zePON ezimbiniI-ONUkwaye nangokunjalo. OkungentlaI-ONUiimveliso series zingasetyenziselwa iimfuno womnatha ezahlukeneyo scenarios.Welcome ukuba ube nolwazi oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi lobugcisa imveliso.
