"Inethiwekhi" iye yaba "yimfuneko" kubantu abaninzi banamhlanje.
Isizathu sokuba ixesha elinjalo lothungelwano linokuza, “iteknoloji yonxibelelwano lwefiber-optic” kunokuthiwa iyimfuneko.
Ngomnyaka we-1966, i-British Chinese sorghum yacebisa ingcamango ye-fiber optical, eyatshisa uvuthondaba lokuphuhlisa unxibelelwano lwe-fiber optical emhlabeni jikelele.Isizukulwana sokuqala seenkqubo ze-lightwave ezisebenza kwi-0.8 μm ngo-1978 zafakwa ngokusemthethweni kusetyenziso lwezorhwebo, kwaye isizukulwana sesibini se-lightwave. iinkqubo zonxibelelwano usebenzisa i-multimode fiber kwiintsuku zokuqala zaziswa ngokukhawuleza ekuqaleni kwe-1980. Ngo-1990, inkqubo ye-wave wave optical wave esebenza kwi-2.4 Gb / s kunye ne-1.55 μm yakwazi ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano lwezorhwebo.
“Uyise wefayibha” wamazimba, owenza igalelo elinempumelelo “ekuhanjisweni kokukhanya kwifiber kunxibelelwano lwamehlo,” wawongwa ngeBhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ngo-2009.
Unxibelelwano lwe-Optical fiber ngoku luye lwaba yenye yeentsika eziphambili zonxibelelwano lwale mihla, ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuthungelwano lwezonxibelelwano lwale mihla. Ikwabonwa njengophawu olubalulekileyo lwenguqu entsha yetekhnoloji yehlabathi kunye neyona ndlela iphambili yokuhanjiswa kolwazi kuluntu lolwazi lwexesha elizayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imarike yokusetyenziswa kwedatha enkulu, i-computing yefu, i-5G, i-Intanethi yezinto kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa buphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza. Imakethi yesicelo esingenamntu ezayo izisa ukukhula okuqhumayo kwitrafikhi yedatha. Unxibelelwano lweziko ledatha luye lwaphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe lwaba luphando lonxibelelwano lwe-optical. indawo eshushu.
Ngaphakathi kwiziko ledatha elikhulu likaGoogle
Iziko ledatha langoku alisekho nje elinye okanye amagumbi ambalwa ekhompyutheni, kodwa isethi yedatha yamaziko edatha.Ukuze ufezekise umsebenzi oqhelekileyo weenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ze-Intanethi kunye neemarike zesicelo, amaziko edatha kufuneka asebenze kunye.Ixesha langempela. kunye nokusebenzisana okukhulu kolwazi phakathi kwamaziko edatha kudale imfuno yonxibelelwano lweziko ledatha, kwaye unxibelelwano lwefiber optical lube yindlela efunekayo yokufikelela unxibelelwano.
Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo zothumelo lwenethiwekhi ye-telecom yemveli, unxibelelwano lweziko ledatha kufuneka lufumane ulwazi oluninzi kunye nokuhanjiswa okuxineneyo, okufuna izixhobo zokutshintsha zibe nesantya esiphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye ne-miniaturization. iphunyeziweyo yimodyuli ye-transceiver ebonakalayo.
Olunye ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neemodyuli ze-optical transceiver
Inethiwekhi yolwazi ikakhulu isebenzisa i-fiber optical njengendlela yokudlulisa, kodwa ukubala kwangoku kunye nokuhlalutya kufuneka kwakhona kusekelwe kwiimpawu zombane, kwaye imodyuli ye-transceiver optical sisixhobo esisisiseko sokuqonda ukuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric.
Amacandelo angundoqo emodyuli ye-optical yiTransimitter (I-Submodule yokuKhanya) / i-Receiver (i-Submodule yokuThola i-Light Receiver) okanye i-Transceiver (i-Optical Transceiver Module), i-chip yombane, kwaye iquka izinto ezingabonakaliyo ezifana neelensi, i-splitters, kunye nezihlanganisi. Ukuqulunqwa kwesekethe yeperipheral.
Ekupheleni kokuthumela: umqondiso wombane uguqulwa ube ngumqondiso we-optical nguTransimitter, kwaye emva koko igalelo kwi-fiber optical nge-adapter optical; Ekupheleni kokufumana: isibonakaliso sokukhanya kwi-fiber optical sifunyanwa nguMmkeli nge-adapter optical. kwaye iguqulelwe kwisignali yombane kwaye ithunyelwe kwiyunithi yekhompyutha ukuze iqhutywe.
Isicwangciso semodyuli ye-Optical transceiver
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokudibanisa i-optoelectronic, ifom yokupakisha yemodyuli ye-transceiver optical nayo iye yatshintsha. Phambi kokuba kusungulwe ishishini lemodyuli ye-optical, yaphuhliswa ngabavelisi bezixhobo ze-telecom abaphambili kwiintsuku zokuqala. Iindlela zokujongana zazahlukeneyo kwaye zazingenakusetyenziswa jikelele. Oku kwenza ukuba iimodyuli ze-transceiver optical zingatshintshi.Kuphuhliso lweshishini, i-"Multi Source Agreement (MSA)" yokugqibela yaba khona. Ngomgangatho we-MSA, iinkampani ezizimeleyo ezijolise ekuphuhliseni iTransceiver zaqala ukuvela, kwaye imboni yavuka.
Imodyuli ye-transceiver ebonakalayo inokwahlulwa ibe yi-SFP, i-XFP, i-QSFP, i-CFP, njl njl ngokwe-package form:
· I-SFP (i-Small Form-Factor Pluggable) i-compact, i-pluggable transceiver module standard ye-telecom kunye nezicelo zedatacom ezixhasa ukuya kwi-10Gbps amazinga okudlulisa.
I-XFP (i-10 ye-Gigabit encinci ye-Factor Factor Pluggable) yimodyuli ye-10G yefom encinci ye-transceiver ye-pluggable exhasa iinkqubo ezininzi zonxibelelwano ezifana ne-10G Ethernet, i-10G yeFiber Channel, kunye ne-SONETOC-192.XFP i-transceivers ingasetyenziselwa unxibelelwano lwedatha kunye iimarike zonxibelelwano kunye nokubonelela ngeempawu ezingcono zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunezinye ii-transceivers ze-10Gbps.
I-QSFP (i-Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable) yimigangatho ye-transceiver edibeneyo, edibeneyo ye-high-speed data communication applications. Ngokwesantya, i-QSFP inokwahlulwa ibe yi-4 × 1G QSFP, 4 × 10GQSFP +, 4 × 25G QSFP28 iimodyuli ze-optical. Okwangoku i-QSFP28 isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumaziko edatha yehlabathi.
· I-CFP (i-Centum gigabits Form Pluggable) isekelwe kwimodyuli yonxibelelwano ye-wave wave optical splitting enesantya sothumelo lwe-100-400 Gbps. Ubungakanani bemodyuli yeCFP bukhulu kune-SFP / XFP / QSFP, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwexesha elide njengenethiwekhi yendawo ye-metropolitan.
Imodyuli ye-Optical transceiver yonxibelelwano lweziko ledatha
Unxibelelwano lweziko ledatha lunokwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo amathathu ngokohlobo loqhagamshelwano:
(1) Iziko ledatha kumsebenzisi lisenziwe kukuziphatha komsebenzisi wokugqibela njengokukhangela iphepha lewebhu, ukuthumela nokufumana ii-imeyile kunye nemijelo yevidiyo ngokufikelela kwifu;
(2) Uqhagamshelwano lweziko ledatha, ikakhulu esetyenziselwa ukuphindaphinda idatha, isoftware kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo;
(3) Ngaphakathi kwiziko ledatha, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukugcina ulwazi, ukuveliswa kunye nokumbiwa kwemigodi. Ngokutsho kwe-Cisco's forecast, i-data center yonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi i-akhawunti engaphezulu kwe-70% yonxibelelwano lweziko ledatha, kunye nokuphuhliswa kokwakhiwa kwamaziko edatha kuye kwabangela ukuphuhliswa kweemodyuli ze-high-speed optical.
I-traffic yedatha iyaqhubeka ikhula, kwaye iziko ledatha yezinga elikhulu kunye ne-flattening trending iqhuba uphuhliso lweemodyuli ze-optical kwimiba emibini:
· Ukunyuka kweemfuno zezinga losulelo
· Ukunyuka kwemfuno yobuninzi
Okwangoku, iimfuno zeemodyuli ze-data center optical zitshintshile ukusuka kwi-10 / 40G iimodyuli ze-optical kwi-100G iimodyuli ze-optical.I-Alibaba Cloud Promotion yaseChina iya kuba ngumnyaka wokuqala wokusetyenziswa kweemodyuli ze-100G ze-optical kwi-2018. Kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe Iimodyuli ze-400G ze-optical ngo-2019.
Indlela yenguqu yemodyuli yelifu ye-Ali
Umkhwa wamaziko amakhulu edatha ukhokelele ekwandeni kweemfuno zomgama wothumelo. Umgama wokuhanjiswa kwee-multimode fibers ukhawulelwe ngokunyuka kwesantya somqondiso kwaye kulindeleke ukuba utshintshwe ngokuthe ngcembe yimicu ye-mode eyodwa.Ixabiso le-fiber link liqulunqwe ngamacandelo amabini: imodyuli ye-optical kunye ne-fiber optical. Kwimigama eyahlukeneyo, kukho izisombululo ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo.Kunxibelelwano oluphakathi ukuya kumgama omde olufunekayo kunxibelelwano lweziko ledatha, kukho izisombululo ezibini eziguqukayo ezizalwe kwi-MSA:
I-PSM4 (iindlela ezi-4 ezinxuseneyo kwiMowudi enye)
· CWDM4 (iCandelo leWavelength eliNgxamisekileyo kwiindlela ezi-4)
Phakathi kwabo, ukusetyenziswa kwefayibha ye-PSM4 ngamaxesha amane e-CWDM4. Xa umgama wekhonkco ubude, ixabiso lesisombululo seCWDM4 liphantsi. Ukusuka kwitheyibhile engezantsi, sinokubona uthelekiso lweziko ledatha ye-100G izisombululo zemodyuli ye-optical:
Namhlanje, iteknoloji yokuphunyezwa kweemodyuli ze-400G ze-optical modules ziye zaba yingqwalasela yoshishino.Umsebenzi oyintloko wemodyuli ye-400G ye-optical module kukuphucula ukugqithiswa kwedatha kunye nokwandisa i-bandwidth kunye ne-port density yeziko ledatha.Ikamva layo elizayo kukuphumeza ngokubanzi. inzuzo, ingxolo ephantsi, i-miniaturization kunye nokudibanisa, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesizukulwana esilandelayo sothungelwano lwamacingo kunye nezicelo zonxibelelwano lwedatha yedatha enkulu.
Imodyuli yokuqala ye-400G ye-optical module isebenzisa i-16-channel 25G NRZ (i-Non-Returnto Zero) indlela yokumodareyitha isignali kwiphakheji ye-CFP8.Inzuzo kukuba i-25G NRZ iteknoloji yokumodareyitha ibonakaliso ikhulile kwimodyuli ye-100G ye-optical iyakwazi ukuboleka, kodwa i-disadvantage is ukuba iimpawu ze-16 kufuneka zihanjiswe ngokufanayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nomthamo omkhulu, ongafanelekanga kwizicelo zeziko ledatha.Kwimodyuli ye-400G yangoku, i-8-channel 53G NRZ okanye i-4-channel 106G PAM4 (4 Pulse) Ukumodareyitha kwe-Amplitude) ukumodareyitha kophawu kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuqonda ukuhanjiswa komqondiso we-400G.
Ngokumalunga nokupakishwa kwemodyuli, i-OSFP okanye i-QSFP-DD isetyenzisiweyo, kwaye zombini iipakethi zinokubonelela nge-interfaces yesignali yombane ye-8. Xa kuthelekiswa, iphakheji ye-QSFP-DD incinci ngobukhulu kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo zeziko ledatha; iphakheji ye-OSFP inkulu kancinane ngobukhulu kwaye isebenzisa amandla amaninzi, iyenza ilunge ngakumbi kwizicelo ze-telecom.
Hlalutya amandla "angundoqo" we-100G / 400G iimodyuli ze-optical
Siye sazisa ngokufutshane ukuphunyezwa kweemodyuli ze-100G kunye ne-400G. Oku kulandelayo kunokubonwa kwimizobo yeskimu yesisombululo se-100G CWDM4, isisombululo se-400G CWDM8 kunye nesisombululo se-400G CWDM4:
Isicwangciso se-100G CWDM4
Isicwangciso se-400G CWDM8
Isicwangciso se-400G CWDM4
Kwimodyuli ye-optical, isitshixo sokuqonda ukuguqulwa kwesignali ye-photoelectric yi-photodetector. Ukuze ekugqibeleni ufezekise ezi zicwangciso, luhlobo luni lweemfuno ekufuneka uhlangabezane nazo ukusuka "kwisiseko"?
Isisombululo se-100G CWDM4 sidinga ukuphunyezwa kwe-4λx25GbE, isisombululo se-400G CWDM8 sifuna ukuphunyezwa kwe-8λx50GbE, kwaye isisombululo se-400G CWDM4 sidinga ukuphunyezwa kwe-4λx100GbE ye Izixhobo ze-25Gbd kunye ne-53Gbd.Iskimu se-400G CWDM4 sithatha i-PAM4 i-modulation scheme, ekwafuna ukuba isixhobo sibe nomlinganiselo wokumodareyitha we-53Gbd okanye ngaphezulu.
Ireyithi yokumodareyitha yesixhobo ihambelana ne-bandwidth yesixhobo. Kwi-1310nm band 100G imodyuli ye-optical, i-bandwidth 25GHz InGaAs detector okanye i-detector array yanele.