一.Freight forwarder imirhumo eyahlukeneyo ekufuneka abaniniyo bayazi
Ukongeza kwimpahla "ecocekileyo", kukho iziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo zihlawuliswa ngumnini-nqanawa kwaye ezinye zazo zezokuthunyelwa. Ngaphezu koko, imirhumo emininzi ayiphawulwanga ngokucacileyo .Ichanekile, ibhetyebhetye kakhulu. Ezinye iintlawulo ziya kuhlawuliswa kumthumeli ukongeza kumthumeli. Oku kunokuvelisa ngokulula i-A trap ezimbini: yi-arhente yomthwalo ukuqokelela imali eninzi phantsi kwezenzi ezingeyonyani, 2 yi-arhente yomthwalo ukulungisa phakathi komthumeli kunye nomthumeli, ukudluliselwa Inxalenye yeendleko.
Ngokubanzi, umthumeli ujonga umthumeli wempahla, umthumeli ngumthengi, umthumeli wempahla uya kuzama ukuthoba ixabiso ukuze akholise umthumeli, apho abize imali encinci, kwaye kwizibuko lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo ukubiza abathengi (abathumeli) imali eninzi, baphange. UPetros ukuba ahlawule uPawulos, kwaye ngokuphambene. oku kungoko iindleko zeempahla ezifanayo ziya kuba ngaphantsi ukuba sifumana umdluliseli kwisiseko se-CIF. Kwi-FOB, umthumeli oqeshwe ngumthengi, iziganeko ze-RMB ziphezulu kakhulu.
Ukwazi ezi zibakala, akufuneki sinqwenele intengiso yethutyana ngokucinga ukuba okukhona lisezantsi ixabiso, kokukhona lingcono. Kodwa kufuneka kubaluleke kuqala ukumisela ukubunjwa kwexabiso, ukunqanda abanye abathumeli bempahla ababi emva kokuthumela iintlawulo ezingekho mthethweni okanye ukudluliselwa kubathengi, okusichaphazela ngothando lwabathengi kunye nentsebenziswano.
Okokuqala, siya kuba nokuqonda okuthile malunga nokuqulunqwa kweendleko zempahla kunye neendleko ezingalindelekanga, sifunde ukwahlula "imithetho" yokubiza izinto kunye neentlawulo ezingalungelelananga.
Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
二. Imirhumo ye-CIC
Umrhumo we-CIC sisishunqulelo se-”Container Inbalance Charge”, ekwaguqulelwe “njengemali yolawulo lwezixhobo”, le ntlawulo ye-CIC ibangelwa ikakhulu zezi zizathu zilandelayo:
1. Ukwahluka kwamaxesha okuthuthwa kwempahla kwiindlela zehlabathi kukhokelela ekungalinganini kokuhamba kwempahla: Amazwe aseNtshona adla ngokuba nomthwalo ekuqaleni konyaka, Ngexesha elingekhoyo lezothutho, umthamo weebhokisi uyenyuka kancinci kancinci ngoAprili nangoMeyi. , kwaye umthamo wezorhwebo uqala ukwanda, kwaye kuya kukhokelela ekuthengiseni ngaphambi kweKrisimesi ukunyuka okuncinci kumthamo.
2. Ukungalingani korhwebo phakathi kwamazwe okanye imimandla kwiziphelo zombini zendlela: I-China kunye namanye amazwe aseMpuma Asia athumela iimpahla ezininzi kakhulu eYurophu kunezisuka eYurophu iimpahla ezithunyelwa e-China nakweminye imimandla ye-East Asia, indlela ye-Far East North America nayo iyafana. iingxaki ezibalulekileyo.
3. Umahluko kwiindidi kunye nohlobo lwempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nomahluko kwiintlawulo zothutho kunye nokuphatha, nazo zibangela ukungalingani kwezikhongozeli zokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle.
三.Imirhumo yeCFF
I-CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION (CFS) yindawo yokuphatha i-LCL. Ilawula ukunikezelwa kwe-LCL kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-LCL. Emva kokulayisha, iibhokisi ziya kuthunyelwa kwi-CY (i-Container Yard) kwaye iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziya kunikezelwa ngebhokisi le-CY, ukukhupha, ukulinganisa, ukugcina, kwaye ekugqibeleni usasaze umthumeli ngamnye. Ngexesha elifanayo unokugunyaziswa ngumthwali ukuba atywine kwaye akhuphe iirisithi zesikhululo kunye nokunye.
Imirhumo yeCFS idla ngokubalwa ngokwesiseko sesikwere. Ngenxa yokuba iCFS lixabiso le-LCL, ikwizibuko lothutho kunye nezibuko lendawo. Phantsi kwemiqathango ye-FOB, i-CFS idweliswe ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye ihlawuliswa ukuthumela ngaphandle okanye kumzi-mveliso. Ekubeni i-FOB iyimpahla emele iqokelelwe, izibuko leentlawulo zothutho aziqukwanga kwiintlawulo zothutho. Phantsi kwemigaqo ye-CIF, layisha umrhumo we-CFS kwizibuko lothutho uqukiwe kumlinganiselo wothutho elwandle oxelwe kuwe ngumthumeli, ngoko ke iCFS ayisayi kuqokelelwa kwizibuko lothutho. kodwa abarhwebi abasuka kumazwe angaphandle kusafuneka bahlawule imirhumo yeCFS kwizibuko lendawo.
四. Imirhumo ye-EBS
Utshintsho lweBunker oluQalayo. Le ndleko ngokubanzi ngenxa yamaxabiso e-oyile ekrwada kumazwe ngamazwe aqhubeka nokunyuka, ngaphezu kokukwazi kwabanikazi beenqanawa ukuthwala, ngoko ke abanini beenqanawa emarikeni babuthathaka, abakwazi ukunyusa ityala lomthwalo wolwandle, ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zelahleko, kunye nokwandisa. iindleko.
Ngaba kufuneka sihlawule umrhumo we-EBS we-FOB? Impendulo nguhayi, i-EBS yintlawulo eyongezelelweyo yempahla yolwandle, ayiyoye-FOB imirhumo yasekuhlaleni, ngoko ke abathengi akufuneki bahlawule iifizi ze-EBS xa besenza iFOB. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku ezinye iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa asikwazi ukufumana iindleko kumthengi, ngoko sidlulisela i-EBS kumthengi we-FOB, ukuba umthengi udibana nenkampani yokuthumela okanye imithwalo xa i-arhente icela ukuqokelela iifizi ze-EBS, unako. zama ukuthethathethana nomthengi kwaye ucele umthengi ukuba ahlawule imirhumo.
五. Iintlawulo zasekuhlaleni
六. Iindleko ezithwalwa kwiindlela ezininzi zorhwebo
1.Ex Works (EXW=Ex Works) :
Indawo yokuhanjiswa: umzi-mveliso okanye indawo yokugcina impahla yelizwe elithumela ngaphandle; Ezothutho: uxanduva lomthengi; I-inshurensi: uxanduva lomthengi; Ukuthunyelwa kwezandla kwamanye amazwe kuyaqhubeka: Uxanduva lomthengi; Iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni: uxanduva lomthengi.
2. FOB=Mahala kwiBorad:
Indawo yokuhanjiswa: Izibuko zokuthunyelwa; Ezothutho: uxanduva lomthengi; I-inshurensi: uxanduva lomthengi; Iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle: uxanduva lomthengisi; Iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni: uxanduva lomthengi.
3.Iindleko+ zoThutho +I-Inshurensi, CIF=I-Inshorensi+yeNdleko+Yothutho
Indawo yokuhanjiswa: Izibuko zokuthunyelwa; Ezothutho: uxanduva lomthengisi; I-inshurensi: uxanduva lomthengisi; Iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle: uxanduva lomthengisi; Iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni: uxanduva lomthengisi.
4.Iindleko noThutho (CFR=Iindleko+zoThutho) :
Indawo yokuhanjiswa: Izibuko zokuthunyelwa; Ezothutho: uxanduva lomthengisi; I-inshurensi: uxanduva lomthengi; Iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle: uxanduva lomthengisi; Kwinkqubo yezibuko: umthengi unoxanduva .