Iikhrayitheriya ze-IPv4 zachazwa ekupheleni koo-1970. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ukusetyenziswa kweWWW kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni okuqhumayo kwe-Intanethi. Ngeentlobo zezicelo ze-Intanethi eziya zisiba nzima kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwe-terminal, ubonelelo lweedilesi ze-IP ezizimeleyo zehlabathi sele luqalisile ukujongana noxinzelelo olukhulu. Kule meko, ngo-1999, isivumelwano se-IPv6 sazalwa.
IPv6 inendawo yedilesi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-128 bits, enokusombulula ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yokungonelanga kwedilesi ye-IPv4. Ekubeni idilesi ye-IPv4 yibhinari ye-32-bit, inani leedilesi ze-IP ezinokumelwa ngu-232 = 42949,9672964 billion, ngoko kukho malunga ne-4 yeebhiliyoni zeedilesi ze-IP kwi-Intanethi. Emva kokunyuselwa kwi-128-bit IPv6, iidilesi ze-IP kwi-Intanethi ngokwethiyori ziya kuba no-2128=3.4 * 1038. Ukuba umphezulu womhlaba (kuquka umhlaba namanzi) ugutyungelwe ziikhompyutha, i-IPv6 ivumela i-7 * 1023 iidilesi ze-IP ngemitha yesikwere; ukuba ireyithi yokwabiwa kweedilesi yi-1 yesigidi nge-microsecond nganye, kuya kuthatha iminyaka eyi-1019 ukwabela zonke iidilesi.
Ubume beepakethi ze-IPv6
Ipakethe ye-IP v6 ine-40-byte ye-header esisiseko (intloko yesiseko), emva koko kunye ne-0 okanye i-header eyandisiweyo (i-header eyandisiweyo), kunye nedatha. Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa ifomathi yeheader esisiseko ye-IPv6. Ipakethe nganye ye-IPV 6 iqala nge-header esisiseko. Amasimi amaninzi kwi-header esisiseko ye-IPv6 inokuhambelana ngqo namasimi kwi-IPv4.
(1) Intsimi ye-Version (uguqulelo) yeye-4 bits, echaza uguqulelo lweprotocol ye-IP. Kwi-IPv6, ixabiso lendawo ngu-0110, inani lokugqibela elingu-6.
(2) Uhlobo loNxibelelwano (Iklasi yeTrafikhi), le ntsimi ithatha iibhithi ezi-8, kubandakanywa nokubaluleka (okuphambili) intsimi ine-4 bit. Okokuqala, i-IPv6 yohlulahlula umjelo ube ziindidi ezimbini, ezinokuba lulawulo lwengxinano hayi ulawulo lokuxinana. Uluhlu ngalunye lwahlulwe ngokwezinto eziphambili ezisibhozo. Inkulu yexabiso eliphambili, kubaluleke ngakumbi iqela. Ukulawulwa kokuxinana, okuphambili ngu-0 ~ 7, kwaye izinga lothumelo lweepakethi ezinjalo linokuthotywa xa kuxinana. Kuba ayikwazi ukulawulwa yingxinano, eyona nto iphambili yi-8 ukuya kwi-15, ezo ziinkonzo zexesha lokwenyani, ezifana nokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo zeaudio okanye zevidiyo. Ireyithi yokuhanjiswa kwepakethi yale nkonzo ihlala ihlala njalo, nokuba ezinye iipakethi zilahliwe, aziphindi zithunyelwe.
(3) Uphawu lokuqukuqela (Ileyibhile ehambayo): Ibala lithatha amasuntswana angama-20. Ukuhamba luluhlu lweepakethi zedatha kwi-Intanethi ukusuka kwindawo ethile yomthombo ukuya kwindawo ethile (i-unicast okanye i-multicast). Zonke iipakethi zomsinga omnye zineleyibhile yomlambo efanayo. Isikhululo somthombo sikhetha ngokungakhethi ileyibhile phakathi kwamanqaku okuhamba angama-224-1. Inqaku lokuhamba elingu-0 ligcinelwe ukubonisa amanqaku angasetyenziswanga. Ukukhetha ngokungakhethiyo iilebhile zomjelo ngesikhululo somthombo akungqubani phakathi kweekhompyuter. Ngenxa yokubaumzilaisebenzisa indibaniselwano yedilesi yomthombo kunye neleyibhile yokuhamba kwepakethi xa udibanisa umlambo othile kunye nepakethi.
Zonke iipakethi ezisuka kwisikhululo somthombo oneleyibhile yomlambo efanayo engeyiyo engu-zero kufuneka ibenedilesi yemvelaphi efanayo kunye nedilesi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, iheader yokhetho olufanayo lwe-hop-by-hop (ukuba lo mbhalo ukho) kunye nesihloko sokukhetha indlela efanayo (ukuba lo mbhalo wesihloko) ikhona). Inzuzo yoku kukuba xa iumzilaiqhuba ipakethi, khangela nje ileyibhile yokuqukuqela ngaphandle kokujonga nantoni na eyenye kwiheader yepakethe. Akukho ileyibhile yokuqukuqela inentsingiselo ethile, kwaye isikhululo somthombo kufuneka sichaze inkqubo ekhethekileyo esiyifunayo nganyeumzilayenza kwipakethi yayo kwiheda eyandisiweyo
(4) Ubude bomthwalo womnatha (Ubude boMlayisho): Ubude bommandla ziibhithi ezili-16, nto leyo ebonisa inani leebhayithi eziqulethwe kwipakethi ye-IPv6 ngaphandle kwesihloko ngokwaso. Oku kubonisa ukuba ipakethe ye-IPv6 inokubamba i-64 KB yedatha. Ekubeni ubude be-header ye-IPv6 bulungisiwe, akuyimfuneko ukucacisa ubude obupheleleyo bepakethi (isixa se-header kunye neengxenye zedatha) njengakwi-IPv4.
(5) Iheda elandelayo (isihloko esilandelayo): iibhithi ezisi-8 ubude. Ichonga uhlobo lokwandiswa kweheader elandela i-IPv6 header. Lo mhlaba ubonisa uhlobo lweheader ngokukhawuleza ilandela esisiseko.
(6)Umda we-hop (i-Hop limit):(ithatha iibhithi ezisi-8) ukunqanda iipakethi ekubeni zihlale kuthungelwano ngokungenasiphelo. Isikhululo somthombo siseta umda othile we-hop xa ipakethi nganye ithunyelwa. Xa nganyeumzilauyisa phambili ipakethe, ixabiso lebala le hop- umda kufuneka lincitshiswe ngo 1. Xa ixabiso le hop Limit ngu 0, ipakethi kufuneka ilahlwe. Oku kulingana nommandla wobomi bonke kwi-IPv4 header, kodwa ilula kunexesha lokubala lokuphumla kwi-IPv4.
(7) Idilesi ye-IP yomthombo (idilesi yomthombo): Lo mmandla uthatha iibhithi ezili-128 kwaye yidilesi ye-IP yesitishi sokuthumela sale pakethi.
(8) Idilesi ye-IP yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo (Idilesi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo): Lo mmandla uhlala kwiibhithi ze-128 kwaye yidilesi ye-IP yesitishi esifumanayo sale pakethi.
IPv6 ipakethe ifomathi yeyakwaShenzhen HDV Photoelectron Technology co., LTD., Umsebenzi wobugcisa besoftware, Kwaye inkampani ihlanganise iqela elinamandla lesoftware yezixhobo ezinxulumene nenethiwekhi (ezifana ne: ACI-ONU/ unxibelelwanoI-ONU/ okrelekreleI-ONU/ ifayibhaI-ONU/XPONI-ONU/GPONI-ONUnjl). Kuwo wonke umthengi ulungele iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ozifunayo, vumela iimveliso zethu ukuba zikrelekrele kwaye zihambele phambili.