1.Isakhiwo esisisiseko sePON
I-PON (Uthungelwano lwe-Passive Optical)
I-PON yi-fiber-fiber bidirectional optical access network usebenzisa i-point-to-multipoint (P2MP) isakhiwo. Inkqubo yePON yenziwe ngetheminali yomgca wokubona (OLT), inethiwekhi yokuhanjiswa kwamehlo (ODN), kunye neyunithi yenethiwekhi yokukhanya (I-ONU) kwicala lomsebenzisi we-ofisi ephakathi, kwaye yinkqubo ye-fiber-fiber bidirectional system. Kwindlela esezantsi yomlambo (OLTto I-ONU), umqondiso othunyelwe nguOLTifikelela nganyeI-ONUngeODN. Kwindlela enyukayo (I-ONUto OLT), umqondiso othunyelwe nguI-ONUiya kufikelela kuphela kwiOLTkwaye ayiyi kufikelela kwezinyeIi-ONU.Ukuze ugweme ukungqubana kwedatha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenethiwekhi, ulwalathiso lwe-uplink luthatha i-TDMA imodi yokufikelela ezininzi, kwaye ilawula ukuhanjiswa kwedatha nganye.I-ONU. I-ODN ibonelela ngamajelo okukhanya phakathi kweOLTkwaye iI-ONU. Ubume besalathiso be-PON buboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi.
Ulwakhiwo lwesalathiso senkqubo yePON
IOLTibekwe kwicala lomnatha kwaye ibekwe kwiofisi esembindini. Inokuba yi-L2tshintshaokanye L3umzila, ukubonelela ngogxininiso lwenethiwekhi kunye nokufikelela, ukuvumela ukuguqulwa kwe-optical / umbane, ulwabiwo lwe-bandwidth, kunye nokulawula uxhulumaniso lwesiteshi ngasinye, ngokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ixesha langempela. Nemisebenzi yogcino. II-ONUibekwe kwicala lomsebenzisi ukuphumeza ulawulo kunye nokugcinwa kolawulo lwemiqondiso eyahlukeneyo yombane, kwaye ibonelela ngojongano lwecala lomsebenzisi. IOLTkwaye iI-ONUzidityaniswe yi-passive optical splitter, kwaye i-optical splitter isetyenziselwa ukusasaza idatha ye-downlink kunye nokudibanisa idatha ye-uplink. Ukongeza kwisixhobo se-terminal, inkqubo ye-PON ayifuni amacandelo ombane kwaye ngoko ke i-passive.
I-PON ithatha iteknoloji ye-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kunye ne-downlink 1490 nm / uplink 1310 nm inhlanganisela ye-wavelength kwifiber enye. Isalathiso se-uplink yindlela ye-point-to-point, kwaye i-downlink isalathiso yindlela yokusasaza. Lo mzobo ungezantsi ubonisa ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwePON.
Ubume bothungelwano olusisiseko lwePON
Kwicala elisezantsi, iOLTithumela iipakethi zedatha kubo bonkeIi-ONUngendlela yosasazo, ipakethi nganye ephethe iheda enothumelo oluya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyoI-ONUisichongi. Xa ipakethi yedatha ifika eI-ONU, Umaleko we-MAC weI-ONUyenza isisombululo sedilesi, ikhuphe ipakethi yedatha eyeyayo, kwaye ilahle ezinye iipakethi zedatha.
Ulwalathiso lwe-uplink lusebenzisa i-Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) iteknoloji, kunye nolwazi oluphezulu lwe-multipleIi-ONUyenza umjelo wolwazi we-TDM oza kudluliselwa kwiOLT.
2.Itheminali yomgca wokukhanya (OLT)
Itheminali yomgca wokukhanya (OLT) imisebenzi ukunika ujongano olubonakalayo phakathi kothungelwano lwenkonzo kunye neODN, kwaye ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo. IOLTngaphakathi yenziwe ngumaleko ongundoqo, umaleko wenkonzo, kunye nomgangatho woluntu. Umaleko wenkonzo ikakhulu ubonelela ngezibuko zenkonzo kwaye uxhasa iinkonzo ezininzi; umaleko ongundoqo ubonelela ngomnqamlezo, ukuphindaphinda, kunye nokuhanjiswa; kwaye umaleko woluntu ubonelela ngonikezelo lwamandla kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo lolondolozo.
Ubukho beOLTinokunciphisa uthungelwano oluluqilima phakathi komsebenzi womnatha womgangatho ophezulu kunye nojongano oluthile, umthwali, uthungelwano, kunye nolawulo lwesixhobo sesixhobo sofikelelo, kwaye inokubonelela ngojongano oludityanisiweyo lolawulo lomsebenzi womnatha wofikelelo.
Imisebenzi engundoqo yeOLTzibandakanya: umsebenzi wokuhambisa ukuhlanganiswa kunye nomsebenzi wokulungelelanisa we-DN.
IOLTimisebenzi yojongano lwenkonzo iquka: umsebenzi wezibuko lenkonzo, umsebenzi wolungelelwaniso lojongano lwenkonzo, ukusetyenzwa komqondiso wojongano, kunye nokhuseleko lojongano lwenkonzo.
IOLTimisebenzi eqhelekileyo ikakhulu ibandakanya imisebenzi ye-OAM kunye nemisebenzi yonikezelo lwamandla.
Amandla optical akhutshwa kwiOLTisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwezi ndawo zilandelayo.
I-Splitter: Okukhona inani elikhulu lee-shunts, inkulu ilahleko.
l IFayibha: Okukhona umgama omde, kokukhona ilahleko inkulu.
l I-ONU: Ukuba likhulu inani, likhulu iOLTukuthumela amandla afunekayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amandla ngamnye afikelela kwiI-ONUiphezulu kunovakalelo olufunyenweyo kwaye inomda othile, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kufuneka lusekwe kowona mthamo kunye nosasazo lwejografi.
I-3.Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-Optical
Inethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwamehlo (ODN) yindlela yokubonelela ngokuhanjiswa kwamehlo phakathi kweOLTkwaye iI-ONU. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukugqiba ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kunye nokusasazwa phakathi kweOLTkwaye iI-ONU, kunye nokuseka ijelo lokuthumela ulwazi ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni phakathi kweI-ONUkwaye iOLT.
Uqwalaselo lwe-ODN ludla ngokuba yimowudi ye-point-to-multipoint, oko kukuthi, ezininziIi-ONUziqhagamshelwe kwenyeOLTngokusebenzisa iODN enye, ukuze multipleIi-ONUinokwabelana nge-optical transmission medium phakathi kweOLTkunye ne-ODN kunye nesixhobo se-optoelectronic seOLT.
(1) Ukuqulunqwa kwe-ODN
Amacandelo aphambili asebenzayo enza i-ODN zezi: i-fiber-mode-mode kunye ne-fiber optic cable, i-connectors, i-passive optical splitters (OBD), i-passive optical attenuators, kunye ne-fiber optic connectors.
(2) Isakhiwo se-Topological ye-ODN
I-topology yenethiwekhi ye-ODN ngokuqhelekileyo i-point-to-multipoint structure, enokuthi ihlulwe ibe yinkwenkwezi, umthi, ibhasi kunye nendandatho.
Ubume benethiwekhi ye-ODN
(3) Izicwangciso zokhuseleko olusebenzayo kunye nokulinda
Ukusetwa okusebenzayo / okulindileyo kokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ye-ODN ikakhulu kukuseka amajelo amabini okuhanjiswa kwe-optical optical signals athunyelwa yi-ODN network. Xa ijelo eliphambili lingaphumeleli, liyakwazi ngokuzenzekelayotshintshakwelinye ijelo ukuhambisa imiqondiso yamehlo, kubandakanywa nemicu ye-optical,OLTs, Ii-ONU, kunye Isetingi eziphambili kunye nokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwefayibha yothumelo.
Iintsinga eziphambili kunye ne-standby transmission fibers zinokuba kwi-cable optical efanayo okanye kwiintambo ezahlukeneyo zamehlo. Iintambo ze-optical eziphambili kunye ne-backup zingafakwa kwiipayipi ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kokukhusela kube ngcono.
(4) Iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kwe-Optical ye-ODN
Iimpawu zoyilo lwe-ODN kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba nayiphi na inkonzo ekhoyo ngoku inokubonelelwa ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu, imfuno enempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu zamacandelo ahlukeneyo asebenzayo. Iimfuno ezinokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu ze-optical ze-ODN zilandelayo.
l Ukukhanya kwe-wavelength ebonakalayo: Amacandelo ahlukeneyo optical passive akufuneki achaphazele ukucaca kwesignali ye-optical transmitted. Isignali ye-optical efunwa yi-network optical eyenzelwe i-optical network kufuneka idluliselwe ngokucacileyo, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngezicelo zenkqubo ye-WDM yexesha elizayo. Isiseko.
l Ukuguqulwa kwakhona: Xa imveliso kunye negalelo lenethiwekhi ye-ODN itshintshisana, iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-ODN akufanele zitshintshe kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ukutshintshwa kwe-bandwidth yokudlulisa kunye neempawu zokulahleka kwe-optical kufuneka zibe ncinane. Oku kwenza uyilo lothungelwano lube lula.
l Ukuhambelana kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi: Inethiwekhi ye-ODN kufuneka igcine iimpawu ze-optical ezihambelanayo. Iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-ODN kufuneka zihambelane nayo yonke i-OFSAN kunye nenethiwekhi yonke yonxibelelwano. I-bandwidth yokudlulisa kunye neempawu zokulahleka kwe-optical kufuneka zilungele yonke i-OFSAN.
(5) Iiparamitha zentsebenzo ye-ODN
Iiparamitha ezimisela ukusebenza kokulahleka kweshaneli ye-optical yenkqubo yonke ikakhulu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
l Ilahleko yeshaneli ye-ODN ye-optical: umahluko phakathi kobuncinci bamandla okuhambisa kunye nowona aphezulu afumana ubuntununtunu.
l Ubuninzi belahleko yetshaneli evumelekileyo: umahluko phakathi kwamandla okuhambisa aphezulu kunye nowona aphezulu afumana ubuntununtunu.
l Ubuncinci ilahleko yesitishi evumelekileyo: umahluko phakathi kwamandla okuhambisa amancinci kunye nelona liphantsi lifumana ubuntununtunu (indawo yokulayisha ngaphezulu).
(6) Ukubonakaliswa kwe-ODN
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-ODN kuxhomekeke ekubuyiselweni kwelahleko yamacandelo ahlukeneyo enza i-ODN kunye nawaphi na amanqaku okubonisa kwi-channel optical. Ngokubanzi, zonke iinkcazo ezicacileyo kufuneka zibe ngcono kunoko−I-35 dB, kunye nomboniso ophezulu ocacileyo wofikelelo lwefiber kufuneka ube ngcono kunoko−50 dB.
4. IYunithi yeNethiwekhi yokubona (I-ONU)
Iyunithi yenethiwekhi yamehlo (I-ONU) ibekwe phakathi kwe-ODN kunye nesixhobo somsebenzisi, kwaye ibonelela ngojongano lwe-optical phakathi komsebenzisi kunye ne-ODN kunye nojongano lombane kunye necala lomsebenzisi ukuphumeza ulawulo kunye nokugcinwa kolawulo lweempawu ezahlukeneyo zombane. II-ONUyenziwe ngumaleko ongundoqo, umaleko wenkonzo, kunye nomgangatho woluntu. Umaleko wenkonzo ubhekisa ikakhulu kumazibuko abasebenzisi; umaleko ongundoqo ubonelela ngokuphindaphinda kunye nojongano lwe-optical; kunye nomgangatho woluntu ubonelela ngonikezelo lwamandla kunye nolawulo lolondolozo.
5. Imodi yesicelo se-PON
Ukucaca kweshishini le-PON kulungile, kwaye ngokomgaqo ungasetyenziswa kuwo nawuphi na umgangatho kunye nomqondiso wezinga. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-point-to-point optical networks esebenzayo, iteknoloji ye-PON ibonakaliswe ngokugcinwa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi (ukugcina i-fiber kunye ne-optical interfaces), i-bandwidth ephezulu yokuhanjiswa kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lexabiso lokusebenza. Ezi mpawu ziya kuyenza igcine inzuzo yokukhuphisana ixesha elide, kwaye i-PON isoloko ithathwa njengesikhokelo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwenethiwekhi yokufikelela.
Esona sicelo sifanelekileyo sePON yile: inxalenye yenethiwekhi yokufikelela kufutshane nesiphelo somthengi; umthengi weI-ONUinkonzo ayigxininisi imfuno yokungafuneki okanye ukhuseleko lokudlula; iOLTinokusekwa kwindawo esebenza kakuhle yokusinda (umzekelo, i-node enokhuselo lokujikeleza). Indawo apho abasebenzisi bagxile ngokwejografi. I-PON ineendlela ezintathu zokusetyenziswa.
(1) Faka endaweni yothungelwano olukhoyo olunamaleko-mbini: I-PON inokubuyisela uLwaleko lwesi-2 olukhoyotshintshakunye ne-transceiver ebonakalayo, kwaye uqondise uthungelwano lofikelelo lwe-LAN kwinethiwekhi yendawo ye-IP yemetropolitan, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo:
I-PON ithatha indawo yoNxibelelwano olukhoyo lwesi-2
(2) Faka indawo yekhebula lokufikelela kumhlathi ochaphazelekayo: Inkqubo ye-PON inokutshintsha indawo ekhoyo yentambo ye-optical kunye nesixhobo sokutshintsha i-optical switching, ngaloo ndlela igcina intambo yokufikelela yomhlathi ochaphazelekayo, njengoko kubonisiwe:
I-PON ithatha indawo yamacandelo afanelekileyo ukufikelela kwintambo yokubona
(3) Imodi yokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezininzi (ukuphumeza i-FTTH): Inkqubo ye-PON inokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezininzi kunye nofikelelo oluninzi oluhlangabezana neemfuno zeQoS ezahlukeneyo, kwaye luyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuhlukahluka kwabasebenzisi kunye nokungaqiniseki kophuhliso lweshishini, njengoko kubonisiwe lo mfanekiso ulandelayo:
Ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezininzi