Isakhiwo esisisiseko se-fiber optical

Ifiber engenanto yefiber optical idla ngokwahlulahlulwe ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: undoqo, ukugquma kunye nokwaleka.

I-fiber core kunye ne-cladding yenziwe ngeglasi kunye ne-refractive indexes ezahlukeneyo, i-center is a high refractive index glass core (germanium-doped silica), kwaye umbindi yi-low refractive index silica glass cladding (i-silica ecocekileyo). Ukukhanya kungena kwi-fiber kwi-angle ethile yesiganeko, kwaye ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwenzeka phakathi kwefiber kunye ne-cladding (kuba i-index ye-refractive ye-cladding ingaphantsi kancinci kune-core), ngoko inokusasaza kwifiber.

Umsebenzi oyintloko wokugquma kukukhusela i-fiber optical kumonakalo wangaphandle, ngelixa ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kwe-fiber optical. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, i-core kunye ne-cladding yenziwe ngeglasi kwaye ayikwazi ukugoba kunye ne-fragile. Ukusetyenziswa kwengubo yokugqoka ikhusela kwaye yandisa ubomi befiber.

Uluhlu lwe-sheath yangaphandle yongezwa kwi-fiber engabonakaliyo. Ukongeza ekuyikhuseleni, i-sheath yangaphandle yemibala eyahlukeneyo inokusetyenziselwa ukwahlula imicu eyahlukeneyo yamehlo.

I-fiber ye-Optical ihlulwe ibe yi-fiber yemodi enye (i-Fiber yeModi enye) kunye ne-multimode fiber (i-Multi Mode Fiber) ngokwendlela yokudlulisa. Ukukhanya kungena kwifiber kwi-angle ethile yesiganeko, kwaye ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwenzeka phakathi kwefiber kunye ne-cladding. Xa ububanzi buncinci, kuphela ulwalathiso olulodwa lokukhanya luvunyelwe ukuba ludlule, oko kukuthi, i-fiber yemodi enye; xa i-diameter yefiber inkulu, ukukhanya kunokuvunyelwa. Tofa kwaye usasaze kwii-angles zesiganeko ezininzi, ngeli xesha libizwa ngokuba yi-multimode fiber.

Iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kwefayibha zamehlo

Ifiber ye-Optical ineempawu ezimbini eziphambili zokusasaza: ilahleko kunye nokusasazwa. Ukulahleka kwefiber optical kubhekiselele ekunciphiseni ubude beyunithi yefiber optical, kwi-dB/km. Inqanaba lokulahleka kwefiber optical lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgama wokuhanjiswa kwenkqubo yonxibelelwano lwefiber optical okanye umgama phakathi kwezikhululo zokudlulisa. I-Fiber dispersion ibhekisela kwinto yokuba isignali ehanjiswa yifayibha ithwalwa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo aphindaphindiweyo kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo emowudi, kunye nezantya zothumelo lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo emowudi ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugqwetheni komqondiso.

I-Fiber dispersion yahlulwe kwizinto eziphathekayo, ukusasazwa kwe-waveguide kunye nokusasazwa kwe-modal. Iindidi ezimbini zokuqala zokusasazwa zibangelwa luphawu olungelulo uhlobo olunye losasazo, kwaye uhlobo lokugqibela losasazo lubangelwa ngumqondiso ongeyondlela enye. Umqondiso awuyondlela enye eya kubangela ukusasazwa kwemowudi.

Ifiber yemowudi enye inemowudi enye kuphela esisiseko, ke kukho kuphela ukusasazwa kwezinto kunye nokusasazwa kwe-waveguide, kwaye akukho kusasazo lwemodal. I-multimode fiber ine-inter-mode dispersion. Ukusasazwa kwe-fiber optical akuchaphazeli kuphela amandla okuhambisa i-fiber optical, kodwa kwakhona kunciphisa umgama we-relay yenkqubo yokunxibelelana kwe-fiber optical.

Ifiber yemowudi enye

I-fiber yemodi enye (I-Fiber yeModi enye), ukukhanya kungena kwifayibha kwi-angle ethile yesiganeko, kwaye ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwenzeka phakathi kwefiber kunye ne-cladding. Xa ububanzi bufutshane, kuphela ulwalathiso olulodwa lokukhanya luvunyelwe ukuba ludlule, oko kukuthi, i-fiber yemodi enye; Umbindi weglasi ongundoqo wefiber yemowudi ubhityile kakhulu, idiameter engundoqo ngokuqhelekileyo yi-8.5 okanye 9.5 μm, kwaye isebenza kwi-1310 kunye ne-1550 nm wavelengths.

I-Multimode fiber

Ifayibha yeendlela ezininzi (IFayibha yeMode ezininzi) yifiber evumela ukuhanjiswa kwemowudi ekhokelwayo. Idayamitha engundoqo yefiber yemultimode ngokuqhelekileyo yi-50μm/62.5μm. Ngenxa yokuba i-diameter engundoqo yefiber ye-multimode inkulu, inokuvumela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya ukuba zihanjiswe kwifayibha enye. Ubude obuqhelekileyo be-multimode yi-850nm kunye ne-1300nm ngokulandelelanayo. Kukho kwakhona umgangatho omtsha wefayibha ye-multimode ebizwa ngokuba yi-WBMMF (i-Wideband Multimode Fiber), esebenzisa i-wavelengths phakathi kwe-850nm kunye ne-953nm.

Zombini i-fiber ye-single-mode kunye ne-multi-mode fiber ine-cladding diameter ye-125 μm.

Ifayibha yendlela enye okanye ifayibha yemowudi ezininzi?

Umgama wothumelo

Ubukhulu obuncinane bosinga olukwimowudi enye lwenza ukuba ukukhanya kube ngqongqo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukukhanya kube nye kuphela, ukuze umqondiso obonakalayo uhambe ngakumbi. Njengoko ukukhanya kudlula kumbindi, ubungakanani bokubonakaliswa kokukhanya buyancipha, bunciphisa ukuthomalalisa kwaye bubangele ukwanda komqondiso. Ngenxa yokuba ingenayo i-inter-mode dispersion okanye encinci ye-inter-mode dispersion, i-fiber yemowudi enye inokuhambisa iikhilomitha ezingama-40 okanye ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umqondiso. Ngoko ke, i-fiber yendlela enye isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ekude kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkampani zonxibelelwano kunye nababoneleli beTV kunye neeyunivesithi, njl.

Ifayibha ye-Multimode inombindi wedayamitha enkulu kwaye inokuhambisa ukukhanya ngeendlela ezininzi. Kwi-multi-mode transmission, ngenxa yobukhulu be-core, i-inter-mode dispersion inkulu, oko kukuthi, i-optical signal "isasazeka" ngokukhawuleza. Umgangatho wesignali uya kuncitshiswa ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwexesha elide, ngoko ke i-fiber ye-multi-mode idla ngokusetyenziselwa ixesha elifutshane, izicelo zomsindo / zevidiyo kunye neenethiwekhi zendawo zendawo (LANs), kunye ne-OM3 / OM4 / OM5 i-fiber ye-multi-mode inokuxhasa phezulu. -ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngesantya.

Ububanzi, umthamo

I-Bandwidth ichazwa njengokukwazi ukuthwala ulwazi. Into ephambili echaphazela ububanzi bebhendi yokuhanjiswa kwe-fiber optical yi-dispersions eyahlukeneyo, apho i-modal dispersion ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusasazwa kwefiber yemowudi enye incinci, ngoko inokuhambisa ukukhanya kwibhendi ebanzi yomgama omde. Ekubeni i-fiber ye-multi-mode iya kuvelisa ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinzima, ayilunganga njengefiber yendlela enye kwi-bandwidth kunye nomthamo. Isizukulwana samva nje se-multi-mode fibre bandwidth OM5 isetelwe kwi-28000MHz/km, ngelixa i-fiber-mode-fiber bandwidth inkulu kakhulu.