Zombini umqondiso kunye nengxolo kunxibelelwano zingathathwa njengeenkqubo ezizenzekelayo eziguqukayo kunye nexesha.
Inkqubo engaqhelekanga ineempawu zokuguquguquka okungahleliwe kunye nomsebenzi wexesha, onokuchazwa kwiimbono ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo: (1) Inkqubo ehleliweyo yisethi yemisebenzi yesampuli engapheliyo; (2) Inkqubo engacwangciswanga yiseti yezinto eziguquguqukayo.
Iimpawu zeenkcukacha-manani zeenkqubo ezingenamkhethe zichazwa ngumsebenzi wazo wokusasaza okanye umsebenzi woxinaniso olunokwenzeka. Ukuba iimpawu zeenkcukacha-manani zenkqubo ehleliweyo zizimeleyo kwixesha lokuqalisa, kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokumisa ngokungqongqo.
Iimpawu zamanani yenye indlela ecocekileyo yokuchaza iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Ukuba intsingiselo yenkqubo ayiguquguquki kwaye umsebenzi wolungelelwaniso lwe-autocorrelation R(t1,t1+τ)=R(T), inkqubo kuthiwa imile.
Ukuba inkqubo imile ngokungqongqo, kufuneka imiswe ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokuphendululekileyo asiyonyani.
Inkqubo i-ergodic ukuba i-avareji yexesha layo lilingana nomndilili wezibalo ohambelanayo.
Ukuba inkqubo i-ergodic, ngoko ke imile, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo ayiyonyani.
Umsebenzi wolungelelwaniso lwe-autocorrelation R(T) wenkqubo emileyo yokwenziwa ngokubanzi ngumsebenzi olinganayo womahluko wexesha r, kwaye R(0) ilingana nomndilili opheleleyo wamandla kwaye lixabiso eliphezulu lika R(τ). Uxinaniso lwembonakalo yamandla Pξ(f) yinguqu yeFourier ye-autocorrelation function R(ξ) (Wiener - Sinchin theorem). Esi sibini seenguqu simisela ubudlelwane bokuguqulwa phakathi kwesizinda sexesha kunye ne-frequency domain. Ukuhanjiswa okunokwenzeka kwenkqubo yeGaussian ithobela ukuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo, kwaye inkcazo yayo epheleleyo yamanani ifuna kuphela iimpawu zayo zamanani. Unikezelo olunokwenzeka lwe-dimensional enye luxhomekeke kuphela kwintsingiselo kunye nomahluko, ngelixa unikezelo lwe-dimensional-dimensional enokwenzeka ixhomekeke ikakhulu kumsebenzi wolungelelaniso. Inkqubo ye-Gaussian iseyinkqubo ye-Gaussian emva kokuguqulwa komgca. Ubudlelwane phakathi komsebenzi wonikezelo oluqhelekileyo kunye neQ(x) okanye ierf(x) umsebenzi uluncedo kakhulu ekuhlalutyeni usetyenziso oluchasene nengxolo lweenkqubo zonxibelelwano lwedijithali. Emva kokumiswa kwenkqubo engahleliweyo ξi(t) idlula kwindlela yomgca, inkqubo yemveliso yayo ξ0(t) nayo izinzile.
Iimpawu zeenkcukacha-manani zenkqubo ye-random-band ye-sine kunye ne-sine-wave kunye ne-Gaussian-band emxinwa ingxolo ifaneleke ngakumbi uhlalutyo lweendlela ezininzi ezifayo kwinkqubo yokumodareyitha / inkqubo ye-bandpass / unxibelelwano olungenacingo. Ukuhanjiswa kweRayleigh, Ukuhanjiswa kweRayisi kunye nokuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo zizinto ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokusasazwa kunxibelelwano: imvulophu ye-sinusoidal carrier signal plus emxinwa-band ingxolo yeGaussian ngokubanzi iRice yokusabalalisa. Xa i-amplitude yesignali inkulu, ithande ukusabalalisa okuqhelekileyo. Xa i-amplitude incinci, imalunga nokusabalalisa kweRayleigh.
Ingxolo emhlophe ye-Gaussian ngumzekelo ofanelekileyo wokuhlalutya ingxolo eyongezelelweyo yetshaneli, kunye nomthombo wengxolo oyintloko kunxibelelwano, ingxolo yokushisa, yolo hlobo lwengxolo. Amaxabiso ayo ngawo nawaphi na amaxesha amabini ahlukeneyo awahambelani kwaye azimele ngokwezibalo. Emva kokuba ingxolo emhlophe idlule kwi-band-limited system, isiphumo yisandi esilinganiselweyo sebhendi. Ingxolo emhlophe yokudlula ephantsi kunye ne-band-pass white ingxolo ziqhelekileyo kuhlalutyo lwethiyori.
Oku ngasentla "inkqubo engaqhelekanga yenkqubo yonxibelelwano" inqaku eliziswe kuwe yi-Shenzhen HDV Phoelectron Technology LTD., kunye ne-HDV yinkampani ekhethekileyo kunxibelelwano lwamehlo njengesixhobo esiphambili sokuvelisa, imveliso yenkampani: Uchungechunge lwe-ONU, uchungechunge lwemodyuli ye-optical,OLT series, Uchungechunge lwe-transceiver luluhlu olushushu lweemveliso.
