Inethiwekhi yomnxeba yendabuko idlulisela ilizwi ngokutshintshiselana kwesekethe, kwaye i-broadband efunekayo yokuhanjiswa yi-64 k bit / s. I-VoIP ebizwa ngokuba yi-VoIP isekelwe kwi-IP ipakethe yokutshintsha inethiwekhi njengeplatifomu yokudlulisa, I-analog yezwi ye-analog igxininiswe, ihlanganiswe kunye nochungechunge lwenkqubo ekhethekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba ikwazi ukusebenzisa i-protocol ye-UDP yokudibanisa-ngaphantsi kokuhanjiswa.
Izinto ezininzi kunye nemisebenzi efunekayo ukuhambisa iimpawu zelizwi kwinethiwekhi ye-IP. Eyona ndlela ilula yothungelwano iquka izixhobo ezibini okanye ngaphezulu ezinezakhono zeVoIP ezidityaniswe ngenethiwekhi ye-IP.
1, Voice-to-data couguqulelo
Isignali yezwi yi-analog waveform, ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-IP yokudlulisa ilizwi, Ingaba isicelo sexesha lokwenyani okanye isicelo esingeyonyani.Okokuqala, isignali yentetho kufuneka iguqulelwe kwidatha ye-analog, oko kukuthi, isignali yentetho ye-analog kufuneka Ukubalwa komyinge we-8 okanye 6 bits, kwaye emva koko ithunyelwe kwindawo yokugcina isithinteli, ubungakanani bebuffer bungakhethwa ngokwekwiimfuno zokulibaziseka kunye neekhowudi. Iikhowudi ezininzi ezisezantsi zisekwe kwikhowudi yesakhelo.
Ubude besakhelo esiqhelekileyo busuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-30ms. Ukuqwalasela iindleko ngexesha lokudluliselwa, ipakethe ye-interspeech ngokuqhelekileyo iqukethe i-60, i-120 okanye i-240ms yedatha yezwi.I-Digitization inokufezekiswa.ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhowuda intetho, eyona iphambili yi-ITU-T G.711. I-encoder yelizwi kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo kufuneka isebenzise i-algorithm efanayo ukuze isixhobo sokuthetha kwindawo ekusingise kuyo sibuyisele umqondiso wentetho ye-analog.
2, idatha yokuqala ukuya tyena IP ukuguqulwa
Kanye uphawu lwentethoi-al ifakwe ngekhowudi yedijithali, inyathelo elilandelayo kukucinezela kunye nekhowudi yepakethe yentetho kunye nobude besakhelo esithile. Uninzi lweekhowudi zinobude obuthile besakhelo. Ukuba i-encoder isebenzisa isakhelo se-15ms, ipakethe ye-60ms ukusuka kweyokuqala yahlulahlulwe ngokwezakhelo ezine kwaye ifakwe ngekhowudi. Isakhelo ngasinye sineesampulu zentetho ezili-120 (umlinganiselo wesampulu 8 kHz). Emva kokufakwa kweekhowudi, iifreyimu ezine ezicinezelweyo zidityaniswa zibe yipakethi yentetho ecinezelweyo kwaye ithunyelwe kwiprosesa yenethiwekhi. Iprosesa yenethiwekhi yongeza iiheader zepakethi, izitampu zexesha, kunye nolunye ulwazi kwilizwi kwaye iyithumele ngaphaya kwenethiwekhi ukuya kwenye isiphelo.
Inethiwekhi yelizwi iseka ngokulula unxibelelwano lomzimba (umgca) phakathi kwesiphelo sonxibelelwanos kwaye ihambisa imiqondiso ekhowudiweyo phakathi kweendawo zokuphela. Ngokungafaniyo neenethiwekhi ezitshintshiweyo zesekethe, iinethiwekhi ze-IP azenzi unxibelelwano; endaweni yoko, zifuna ukuba idatha ibekwe kwiidatagrams zobude obuguquguqukayo okanye iipakethi, nganye kuzo ithunyelwe kuthungelwano ngedilesi kunye nolwazi lokulawula kwaye idluliselwe ukusuka kwisikhululo ukuya kwisikhululo ukuya kwindawo yayo.
3. Ukudluliselwa
Kweli jelo, uthungelwano luphela lubonwa njengolufumana ipakethi yelizwi kwigalelo kwaye emva koko iyihambise kwimveliso yenethiwekhi ngexesha elithile (t). t inokwahluka kuluhlu olupheleleyo, ibonakalisa ijita kuthumelo lwenethiwekhi.
Oontanga kwinethiwekhi bahlola ulwazi lwedilesi oluqhotyoshelwe kwipakethi nganye ye-IP kwaye basebenzise olu lwazi ukuthumela idathagram kwisikhululo esilandelayo kwindlela eya kwindawo yayo. Umnathaikhonkco lomsebenzi ingaba nayiphi na i-topology okanye indlela yokufikelela exhasa ukuhamba kwedatha ye-IP.
4, IP package-datuguqulo
Isixhobo seVoIP ekusingise kuso sifumana le datha ye-IP kwaye siqalise ukuqhubekeka. Umphakamo wothungelwano ubonelela ngobude obuguquguqukayo besithinteli esisetyenziselwa ukulawula ijita eyenziwe yinethiwekhi. Isithinteli sinakoYamkela iipakethi ezininzi zelizwi, kwaye abasebenzisi banokukhetha ubungakanani bebuffer. Izithinteli ezincinci zivelisa ulibaziseko oluncinci kodwa azikwazi ukulawula ijitha enkulu. Okwesibini, idikhowuda icinezela iphakheji yentetho ekhowudiweyo ukuvelisa iphakheji yentetho entsha. Lo mnqongo unokuqhutywa ngesakhelo, esilingana ncam nobude nedekhowuda.
Ukuba ubude besakhelo yi-15ms, iipakethe zentetho ze-60ms zohlulwa zibe yizakhelo ezi-4, kwaye emva koko zikhowudwe zibe yi-60ms yedatha yentetho kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-decoding buffer.Ngexesha le-proUkuyekwa kwedathagram, idilesi kunye nolwazi lolawulo luyasuswa, kwaye idatha yokuqala ekrwada iyagcinwa, ethi ke inikezelwe kwidikhowuda.
5, Ukuguqula ilizwi ledijithalikwilizwi le-analog
Umqhubi wokudlala ukhupha amanqaku esampulu yentetho (480) kwisithinteli aze awathumele kwikhadi lesandi, aze awasasaze ngesithethi ngamaza amiselweyo (umzekelo, 8kHz). Ngamafutshane, ukuhanjiswa kweempawu zezwi kwiinethiwekhi ze-IP kuhamba ngokuguqulwa kweempawu ze-analog ukuya kwiimpawu zedijithali, i-encapsul.ukuhanjiswa kwezwi ledijithali kwiipakethi ze-IP, ukuhanjiswa kweepakethi ze-IP ngenethiwekhi, ukukhupha iipakethi ze-IP, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezwi ledijithali kwiimpawu ze-analog.
VOIP yenye ishishini lethu leyo eyeyeI-ONUiimveliso zenethiwekhi, kunye neemveliso zenethiwekhi ezishushu ezifanelekileyo zenkampani yethu zigubungela iindidi ezahlukeneyoI-ONUiimveliso series, kuquka ACI-ONU/ unxibelelwanoI-ONU/ okrelekreleI-ONU/ ibhokisiI-ONU/ izibuko zePON ezimbiniI-ONU, njl. Oku kungasentlaI-ONUiimveliso zothotho zingasetyenziselwa iimfuno zenethiwekhi yeemeko ezahlukeneyo. Wamkelekile ukuba ube nolwazi olunzulu lobugcisa beemveliso.
