Ifayibha ye-Optical yifayibha ebhetyebhetye ecacileyo eyenziwe ngeglasi ekhutshiweyo okanye iplastiki, ejiyile kancinci kuneenwele zomntu. Ifiber ye-Optical yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuhambisa ukukhanya kuzo zombini iziphelo, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwefiber optical. I-Optical fiber inomgama omde wothumelo kunye ne-bandwidth ephezulu kunentambo enentambo. Ifiber ye-Optical idla ngokuqulatha i-low-refractive-index transparent core kunye ne-transparent cladding material. Ifiber optical isebenza njengomqhubi wamaza okukhanya, nto leyo ebangela ukubonakaliswa okupheleleyo kokukhanya kumbindi wefiber.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iindidi ezimbini zemicu ye-optical: ezo zixhasa iindlela ezininzi zokusasaza okanye iindlela ezinqamlezayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-multimode fibers (MMF), kwaye ezo zixhasa imowudi enye zibizwa ngokuba yi-single mode fibers (SMF). Kodwa yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo? Ukufunda eli nqaku kuya kukunceda ufumane impendulo.
1. Yintoni umsinga wohlobo olunye?
Kunxibelelwano lwe-fiber optical, i-fiber ye-single-mode (i-SMF) i-fiber optical ehambisa ngokuthe ngqo izibonakaliso ze-optical kwimodi yecala. I-fiber ye-single-mode isebenza kwireyithi yedatha ye-100M / s okanye i-1 G / s, kwaye umgama wokuhambisa unokufikelela ubuncinane kwiikhilomitha ezi-5. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-fiber yendlela enye isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwesignali ekude.
2. Yintoni i-multimode fiber?
I-Multimode fiber (MMF) isetyenziselwa ikakhulu unxibelelwano lwefayibha yomgama omfutshane, njengakwizakhiwo okanye kwiikhampasi. Isantya sothumelo esiqhelekileyo yi-100M / s, umgama wothumelo unokufikelela kwi-2km (100BASE-FX), i-1 G / s inokufikelela kwi-1000m, i-10 G / s inokufikelela kwi-550m. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zesalathiso se-refractive: indexed indexed and step index.
3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwendlela enye kunye nefayibha yemultimode?
1. Idayimitha engundoqo
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-multimode kunye ne-single-mode fiber kukuba eyokuqala inobubanzi obukhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo i-diameter engundoqo ye-50 okanye i-62.5 µm, ngelixa i-fiber yemowudi enye inedayamitha engundoqo ye-8 kunye ne-10 µm, iphakheji yazo zombini. Iidayamitha zomaleko zonke ziyi-125µm.
2. Umthombo wokukhanya
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-laser kunye ne-LED zisetyenziswa njengemithombo yokukhanya. Imithombo yokukhanya yeLaser ibiza kakhulu kunemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED kuba ukukhanya okuvelisayo kunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kunamandla aphezulu. Ukukhanya okuveliswa yimithombo yokukhanya kwe-LED kusasazeka ngakumbi (iindlela ezininzi zokukhanya), kwaye le mithombo yokukhanya isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-multimode fiber jumpers. Kwangaxeshanye, umthombo wokukhanya kwelaser (ovelisa ukukhanya kufutshane nemowudi enye) udla ngokusetyenziselwa ukutsiba ifayibha yendlela enye.
3. Ubungakanani boluhlu
Ngenxa yokuba i-multimode ifayibha inobungakanani obungundoqo obungundoqo kunefiber yemowudi enye, ixhasa iindlela ezininzi zothumelo. Ukongeza, njengemicu ye-multimode, iifiber zemowudi enye nazo zibonisa ukusasazeka kwemodal okubangelwa iindlela ezininzi zesithuba, kodwa i-modal dispersion of single-mode fibers is less than multimode fibers. Ngezi zizathu, ifayibha yendlela enye ine-bandwidth ephezulu kune-multimode fiber.
4. Umbala wesingxobo
Umbala webhatyi ngamanye amaxesha usetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-multimode fiber jumpers ukusuka kwi-multimode fiber jumpers. Ngokwenkcazo eqhelekileyo ye-TIA-598C, kwizicelo ezingezizo ezomkhosi, iifiber ze-optical mode enye zisebenzisa ijacket yangaphandle etyheli, kunye ne-multi-mode optical fibers zisebenzisa i-orenji okanye i-aqua-green yangaphandle ibhatyi. Ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, abanye abavelisi basebenzisa imfusa ukuhlula i-OM4 ye-fiber ephezulu kwezinye iintlobo zefiber.
5. Ukusasazwa kweModal
Imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa kwifiber yemultimode ukwenza uthotho lwamaza amaza asasaza ngezantya ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuya kubangela ukusasazwa kweemodyuli ezininzi, ezinqanda umgama wothumelo osebenzayo we-multi-mode fiber jumpers. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-laser esetyenziselwa ukuqhuba i-fiber yemowudi enye ivelisa ubude obunye bokukhanya. Ke ngoko, i-modal dispersion yayo incinci kakhulu kune-multimode fiber. Ngenxa yokusasazeka kwemodal, i-multimode fiber inezinga eliphezulu lokunyuswa kwe-pulse kune-fiber yemowudi enye, ethintela umthamo wokuhanjiswa kolwazi lwe-multimode fiber.
6. Ixabiso
Kwifiber yemultimode inokuxhasa iindlela ezininzi ze-optical, ixabiso layo liphezulu kunefiber yemowudi enye. Kodwa ngokwezixhobo, kuba i-fiber yemowudi enye ihlala isebenzisa i-solid-state laser diode, izixhobo zefiber yemowudi enye zibiza kakhulu kunezixhobo ze-multimode fiber. Ngoko ke, iindleko zokusebenzisa i-multimode fiber ingaphantsi kakhulu kuneendleko zokusebenzisa i-fiber singlemode.
4. Loluphi uhlobo lwefiber ekufuneka lukhethwe?
Qwalasela umgama wothumelo okhoyo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lulonke. Ukuba umgama ungaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezimbalwa, i-multimode fiber iya kusebenza kakuhle, kwaye iindleko zenkqubo yokuhambisa (i-transmitter kunye ne-receiver) iya kusuka kwi-3300 yuan ukuya kwi-5300 yuan. Ukuba umgama ofihliweyo udlula i-6-10 yeekhilomitha, i-fiber ye-mode-mode kufuneka ikhethwe, kodwa ngenxa yeendleko ezongeziweyo ze-laser diodes, iindleko zenkqubo yokuhambisa ziya kudlula i-6700 yuan.