Ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zabasebenzisi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsizakalo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ezigabeni ezahlukene, uhlobo lwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ze-fiber optical zingahlukahluka.
Njengamanje, inani elikhulu kakhulu lamafomu esistimu asetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokuxhumana zedijithali ze-optical fiber of intensity modulation/direct discovery (IM/DD). Umdwebo we-block block walolu hlelo uboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Njengoba kungabonakala emfanekisweni, uhlelo lokuxhumana lwedijithali lwe-fiber optical lwakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-optical transmitter, i-optical fiber, kanye ne-optical receiver.
Umfanekiso 1 Umdwebo weSchematic wesistimu yokuxhumana yedijithali yefiber optical
Kuhlelo lokuxhumana lwe-fiber optical point-to-point, inqubo yokudlulisa isignali: isignali yokufaka ethunyelwa ku-terminal transmitter optical iguqulwa ibe isakhiwo sekhodi esifanele ukudluliselwa ku-fiber optical ngemva kokuguqulwa kwephethini, kanye nokuqina kokukhanya. umthombo uqhutshwa ngokuqondile i-drive circuit Modulation, ukuze ukuphuma kwamandla okukhanya ngomthombo wokukhanya kushintshe nesignali yamanje yokufaka, okungukuthi, umthombo wokukhanya uqeda ukuguqulwa kukagesi / optical futhi uthumela isignali yamandla optical ehambisanayo ku-fiber optical. yokudlulisela; emigqeni yesistimu yokuxhumana, okwamanje, i-fiber optical yemodi eyodwa Lokhu kungenxa yezici zayo ezingcono zokudlulisa; ngemva kokuba isignali ifinyelele ekugcineni kokwamukela, isignali ye-optical yokufaka iqala ukutholwa ngokuqondile yi-photodetector ukuze iqedele ukuguqulwa kwe-optical / kagesi, bese ikhuliswa, ilingane, futhi yahlulelwe. Uchungechunge lokucutshungulwa ukuyibuyisela kusignali kagesi yasekuqaleni, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedelwe yonke inqubo yokudlulisa.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokuxhumana, i-optical repeater kufanele ihlinzekwe ebangeni elifanele phakathi kwama-transceivers. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-optical repeaters ekuxhumaneni kwe-fiber optical, enye iyisiphindaphinda ngendlela yokuguqulwa kwe-optical-electrical-optical, kanti enye i-amplifier optical ekhulisa ngokuqondile isignali ye-optical.
Ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ze-fiber optical, izici eziyinhloko ezinquma ibanga lokudlulisela ukulahlekelwa kwe-fiber optical kanye nomkhawulokudonsa wokudlulisa.
Ngokuvamile, ukuncishiswa kwefayibha ngobude beyunithi yokudlulisela ku-fiber kusetshenziselwa ukumela ukulahleka kwefayibha, futhi iyunithi yayo yi-dB / km. Njengamanje, i-silica-based optical fiber esebenzayo inokulahlekelwa cishe kwe-2 dB / km ku-0.8 kuya ku-0.9 μm band; ukulahlekelwa kwe-5 dB / km ku-1.31 μm; futhi ku-1.55 μm, ukulahlekelwa kungancishiswa ku-0.2 dB / km, okuseduze nomkhawulo wethiyori we-SiO2 fiber loss. Ngokwesiko, u-0.85 μm ubizwa ngokuthi ubude begagasi obufushane bokuxhumana kwe-fiber optic; 1.31 μm kanye no-1.55 μm abizwa ngokuthi ubude begagasi bude bokukhulumisana nge-fiber optical. Amafasitela amathathu asebenzayo alahlekelwa kancane ekuxhumaneni kwe-fiber optical.
Ekuxhumaneni kwe-digital optical fibre, ulwazi ludluliswa ngokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwamasignali okubona endaweni ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lokudluliswa kwe-relay nalo likhawulelwe umkhawulokudonsa we-fiber transmission. Ngokuvamile, i-MHz.km isetshenziswa njengeyunithi yomkhawulokudonsa wokudlulisela ngobude beyunithi yefayibha. Uma umkhawulokudonsa wefayibha ethile unikezwa njengokuthi 100MHz.km, kusho ukuthi amasiginali womkhawulokudonsa ongu-100MHz kuphela avunyelwe ukudluliselwa kukhilomitha ngalinye lefayibha. Uma ibanga elide futhi lincane umkhawulokudonsa wokudlulisela, amandla okuxhumana aba mancane.