I-Opticalamaswishievame ukusetshenziswa ku-Ethernetamaswishizifaka i-SFP, i-GBIC, i-XFP, ne-XENPAK.
Amagama abo esiNgisi aphelele:
I-SFP: I-Small Form-factorPluggabletransceiver, i-transceiver yefomu encane exhunywayo
I-GBIC: I-GigaBit InterfaceConverter, i-Gigabit Ethernet Interface Converter
I-XFP: I-10-Gigabit encaneIfomu-factorIsixhumi esibonakalayo se-10 Gigabit Ethernet
I-transceiver yephakheji encane exhumeka
I-XENPAK: 10-Gigabit EtherNetTransceiverPAcKage 10 Gigabit Ethernet isethi yephakheji yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-transceiver.
Isixhumi se-fiber optical
Isixhumi se-fiber optical sakhiwe i-fiber optical kanye nepulaki emikhawulweni yomibili yefiber optical, futhi ipulaki yakhiwe ngephini kanye nesakhiwo sokukhiya se-peripheral. Ngokwezinqubo ezihlukene zokukhiya, izixhumi ze-fiber optic zingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-FC, uhlobo lwe-SC, uhlobo lwe-LC, uhlobo lwe-ST kanye nohlobo lwe-KTRJ.
Isixhumi se-FC samukela indlela yokuvala intambo, iyisixhumi esihambayo se-fiber optical esasungulwa ngaphambili futhi sasetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-SC iyilunga elingunxande elakhiwe yi-NTT. Ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile futhi ikhishwe ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwesikulufa. Uma iqhathaniswa nesixhumi se-FC, inendawo encane yokusebenza futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Imikhiqizo ye-Ethernet esezingeni eliphansi ivame kakhulu.
I-LC iyisixhumi sohlobo oluncane lwe-SC esakhiwe ngu-LUCENT. Inosayizi omncane futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi ohlelweni. Kuyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwezixhumi ezisebenzayo ze-fiber optic esikhathini esizayo. Imikhiqizo ye-Ethernet esezingeni eliphansi ivame kakhulu.
Isixhumi se-ST sakhiwe yi-AT & T futhi sisebenzisa indlela yokukhiya yohlobo lwe-bayonet. Imingcele eyinhloko ilingana nezixhumi ze-FC ne-SC, kodwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa ezinkampanini. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa amadivaysi e-multimode ukuxhumana nabanye abakhiqizi Kusetshenziswa kakhulu uma kudotshwa.
Izikhonkwane ze-KTRJ ziyipulasitiki. Zibekwe ngezikhonkwane zensimbi. Njengoba isibalo sezikhathi zokukhwelana sikhula, izindawo zokukhwelana zizoguga, futhi ukuzinza kwazo isikhathi eside akufani nezixhumi zamaphini e-ceramic.
Ulwazi lwe-Fiber
I-Optical fiber iyi-conductor ehambisa amaza okukhanya. I-Optical fiber ingahlukaniswa ibe i-fiber yemodi eyodwa kanye ne-multi-mode fiber kusuka kumodi yokudlulisa amehlo.
Ku-fiber yemodi eyodwa, kunendlela eyodwa kuphela eyisisekelo yokudluliselwa kwe-optical, okungukuthi, ukukhanya kudluliselwa kuphela engxenyeni engaphakathi ye-fiber. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusabalalisa kwemodi kugwenywe ngokuphelele futhi ibhande lokudlulisela le-fiber yemodi eyodwa libanzi, lifanele ukuxhumana kwefayibha yebanga eliphezulu nebanga elide.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokudlulisa amehlo ku-multimode fiber. Ngenxa yokuhlakazeka noma ukuphambuka, le fibre inokusebenza okungekuhle kokudlulisela, ibhande lokuvama eliwumngcingo, izinga lokudlulisela elincane, kanye nebanga elifushane.
Imingcele yesici se-fiber optical
Isakhiwo se-fiber optical sidwetshwa izinduku ze-quartz fibre ezenziwe ngaphambili. Ububanzi bangaphandle befayibha ye-multimode kanye nefayibha yemodi eyodwa esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana yi-125 μm.
Umzimba omncane uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ungqimba oluphakathi kanye nolwendlalelo. I-diameter eyinhloko ye-fiber yemodi eyodwa ingu-8 ~ 10μm, futhi ububanzi obuyingqikithi ye-multimode fiber inezincazelo ezimbili ezijwayelekile. Amadayamitha ayisisekelo angama-62.5μm (izinga laseMelika) no-50μm (izinga laseYurophu).
Ukucaciswa kwe-fiber interface kuchazwa kanje: 62.5μm / 125μm i-multimode fiber, lapho i-62.5μm ibhekisela kububanzi obuyinhloko be-fiber futhi i-125μm ibhekisela kububanzi obungaphandle be-fiber.
Ifayibha yemodi eyodwa isebenzisa ubude begagasi obungu-1310nm noma u-1550 nm.
Imicu ye-Multimode isebenzisa kakhulu ukukhanya okungu-850 nm.
Umbala ungahlukaniswa ku-fiber yemodi eyodwa kanye ne-multi-mode fiber. Umzimba wangaphandle wefayibha yemodi eyodwa uphuzi, kanti umzimba wangaphandle wefayibha yemodi eyodwa unombala osawolintshi.
I-Gigabit optical port
Izimbobo ze-Gigabit optical zingasebenza kuzo zombili izindlela zokuphoqwa nezixoxisana ngazo. Ekucacisweni kwe-802.3, imbobo ye-Gigabit optical isekela kuphela isilinganiso esingu-1000M, futhi isekela izindlela ezimbili eziyiduplex egcwele (Egcwele) kanye ne-half-duplex (Half).
Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezingxoxo ezizenzakalelayo nokuphoqelela ukuthi amakhodi asakazwayo athunyelwa lapho kokubili kusungula isixhumanisi esibonakalayo ahlukile. Imodi yezingxoxo ezizenzakalelayo ithumela / C / ikhodi, okuwukusakazwa kwekhodi yokucushwa, kuyilapho imodi yokuphoqa ithumela / I / ikhodi, okuwukusakazwa kwekhodi engenzi lutho.
Inqubo ye-auto-negotiation ye-Gigabit optical port
Okokuqala, zombili iziphetho zisethelwe kumodi yezingxoxo ezizenzakalelayo
Amaqembu amabili athumela ukusakazwa kwekhodi / C / ikhodi komunye nomunye. Uma amakhodi angu-3 alandelanayo / C/ atholwa futhi ukusakazwa kwekhodi eyamukelwe kufana nemodi yokusebenza yasendaweni, azobuyela kwelinye iqembu ne-/C/code nempendulo ye-Ack. Ngemva kokuthola umlayezo we-Ack, untanga ubheka ukuthi bobabili bangaxhumana futhi basethe ichweba esimweni se-UP.
Okwesibili, Setha isiphetho esisodwa engxoxweni ezenzakalelayo kanye nesiphetho esisodwa sibe yisibopho
Ukuphela kokuxoxisana ngokwakho kuthumela / C / ukusakaza, futhi ukuphela kokuphoqa kuthumela / mina / ukusakaza. Isiphetho esiphoqelelayo asikwazi ukunikeza isiphetho sendawo ngolwazi lwengxoxo yesiphetho sasendaweni, futhi asikwazi ukubuyisela impendulo ye-Ack ekugcineni kwesilawuli kude, ngakho-ke isiphetho sokuzixoxisana sithi PHANSI. Kodwa-ke, isiphetho esiphoqayo ngokwaso singakwazi ukukhomba / C / ikhodi, futhi ibheka ukuthi isiphetho sontanga siyichweba elizifanisa nalo, ngakho-ke imbobo yokugcina yendawo isethwe ngokuqondile kusimo se-UP.
Okwesithathu, zombili iziphetho zisethelwe ukuphoqa imodi
Zombili izinhlangothi zithumela / mina / zisakaza komunye nomunye. Ngemva kokuthola i-/ I / stream, isiphetho esisodwa sibheka untanga njengechweba elizifanisa nalo, futhi limisa ngokuqondile imbobo yendawo kusifunda se-UP.
Isebenza kanjani i-fiber?
Imicu yokubona yokuxhumana iqukethe imicu yengilazi efana nezinwele embozwe ungqimba lwepulasitiki oluvikelayo. I-filament yengilazi empeleni yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: ububanzi obuyingqikithi buka-9 kuya ku-62.5 μm, kanye nengilazi yengilazi ephansi ye-refractive enobubanzi obuyi-125 μm. Nakuba zikhona ezinye izinhlobo zefiber optical ngokwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nosayizi abahlukene, ezivame kakhulu zibalulwe lapha. Ukukhanya kudluliselwa engxenyeni eyinhloko ye-fiber ngemodi "yokukhanya okuphelele kwangaphakathi", okungukuthi, ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kungene ekugcineni kwefayibha, kubonakala emuva naphambili phakathi kwe-interface eyinhloko kanye ne-cladding, bese idluliselwa omunye umkhawulo we-fiber. I-fiber ebonakalayo enobubanzi obungu-62.5 μm kanye nobubanzi obungaphandle obuhlanganisiwe obungu-125 μm ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya okungu-62.5 / 125 μm.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-multimode ne-single mode fiber?
Imodi eningi:
Imicu engasabalalisa amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zezindlela ibizwa ngokuthi imicu ye-multimode (MM). Ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-radial kwenkomba ye-refractive kumongo kanye ne-cladding, ingahlukaniswa ngesinyathelo se-multimode fibre kanye ne-multimode fiber. Cishe bonke osayizi befayibha ye-multimode bangama-50/125 μm noma 62.5 / 125 μm, futhi umkhawulokudonsa (inani lolwazi oludluliswa yifayibha) ngokuvamile ngu-200 MHz ukuya ku-2 GHz. Ama-transceivers abonakalayo e-Multimode angadlulisa amakhilomitha angaba ngu-5 nge-multimode fiber. Sebenzisa i-diode ekhipha ukukhanya noma i-laser njengomthombo wokukhanya.
Imodi eyodwa:
Imicu engasabalalisa imodi eyodwa kuphela ibizwa ngokuthi imicu yemodi eyodwa. Iphrofayili yenkomba ye-refractive ye-standard single-mode (SM) fibers ifana ne-step-type fibers, ngaphandle kokuthi ububanzi obuyisisekelo buncane kakhulu kunobu-multimode fibers.
Ubukhulu be-fiber yemodi eyodwa yi-9-10 / 125 μm, futhi inezici zomkhawulokudonsa ongenamkhawulo nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kune-fiber yemodi eminingi. Ama-transceiver optical emodi eyodwa asetshenziswa kakhulu ekudluliseleni ibanga elide, kwesinye isikhathi afinyelele kumakhilomitha ayi-150 kuye kwangama-200. Sebenzisa i-LD noma i-LED enomugqa we-spectral omncane njengomthombo wokukhanya.
Umehluko nokuxhumana:
Izisetshenziswa zemodi eyodwa ngokuvamile zingasebenza ngefayibha yemodi eyodwa noma ifayibha yemodi eminingi, kuyilapho okokusebenza kwemodi eminingi kunqunyelwe ukusebenza ku-multi-mode fiber.
Kuyini ukulahleka kokudlulisela uma usebenzisa izintambo ezibonakalayo?
Lokhu kuncike kubude begagasi bokukhanya okudlulisiwe kanye nohlobo lwefayibha esetshenzisiwe.
I-850nm wavelength ye-multimode fiber: 3.0 dB / km
I-1310nm wavelength ye-multimode fiber: 1.0 dB / km
1310nm ubude be-waveleng ye-fiber yemodi eyodwa: 0.4 dB / km
1550nm ubude be-waveleng ye-fiber yemodi eyodwa: 0.2 dB / km
Iyini i-GBIC?
I-GBIC iyisifinyezo se-Giga Bitrate Interface Converter, okuyithuluzi elisebenzisanayo eliguqula amasiginali kagesi we-gigabit abe amasignali abonakalayo. I-GBIC yakhelwe ukuxhuma okushisayo. I-GBIC iwumkhiqizo oguqulekayo othobelana namazinga omhlaba. I-Gigabitamaswishiyakhelwe nge-GBIC interface inesabelo esikhulu semakethe emakethe ngenxa yokushintshana kwabo okuguquguqukayo.
Yini i-SFP?
I-SFP isifinyezo se-SMALL FORM PLUGGABLE, esingaqondwa kalula njengenguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-GBIC. Ubukhulu bemojula ye-SFP buncishiswa ngesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nemojula ye-GBIC, futhi inani lamachweba lingaba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kuphaneli efanayo. Eminye imisebenzi yemojula ye-SFP ngokuyisisekelo iyafana naleyo ye-GBIC. Abanyeshintshaabakhiqizi babiza imojuli ye-SFP ngokuthi i-mini-GBIC (MINI-GBIC).
Amamojula wesikhathi esizayo we-optical kumele asekele ukuxhuma okushisayo, okungukuthi, imojula ingaxhunywa noma inqanyulwe kudivayisi ngaphandle kokunqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla. Ngenxa yokuthi i-optical module iyakwazi ukuxhuma i-plugable eshisayo, abaphathi benethiwekhi bangathuthukisa futhi bakhulise uhlelo ngaphandle kokuvala inethiwekhi. Umsebenzisi akenzi mehluko. I-Hot swappability yenza kube lula ukunakekela konke futhi yenze abasebenzisi bokugcina bakwazi ukuphatha kangcono amamojula abo e-transceiver. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yalokhu kusebenza kokushintshashintsha okushisayo, le moduli inika amandla abaphathi benethiwekhi ukuthi benze izinhlelo eziphelele zezindleko ze-transceiver, amabanga okuxhumanisa, kanye nawo wonke ama-topology enethiwekhi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi, ngaphandle kokushintsha ngokuphelele amabhodi esistimu.
Amamojula abonakalayo asekela lokhu kushintshashintsha okushisayo okwamanje atholakala ku-GBIC naku-SFP. Ngenxa yokuthi i-SFP ne-SFF cishe zinosayizi ofanayo, zingaxhunywa ngokuqondile ebhodini lesifunda, zonga isikhala nesikhathi ephaketheni, futhi zibe nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, intuthuko Yayo yesikhathi esizayo kufanelekile ukubhekelwa phambili, futhi ingase isongele ngisho nemakethe ye-SFF.
I-SFF (I-Small Form Factor) imojula ye-optical yephakheji encane isebenzisa i-optical optics enembile ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwesekethe, usayizi uyingxenye kuphela yemoduli evamile ye-duplex SC (1X9) ye-fiber optic transceiver, engaphinda kabili inombolo yezimbobo ezibonakalayo endaweni efanayo. Khulisa ukuminyana kwembobo yomugqa futhi wehlise izindleko zesistimu ngembobo ngayinye. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi imojula yephakeji encane ye-SFF isebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-KT-RJ esifana nenethiwekhi yethusi, ubukhulu buyafana nesixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompiyutha esivamile se-copper, esivumela ukuguqulwa kwemishini ekhona yenethiwekhi esekelwe ethusi kuya ku-fiber yesivinini esiphezulu. amanethiwekhi optic. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokwanda okumangazayo kwezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi.
Uhlobo lwedivayisi yokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi
Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-BNC
I-interface ye-BNC ibhekisela esibonakalayo sekhebula le-coaxial. I-interface ye-BNC isetshenziselwa uxhumano lwekhebula le-coaxial engu-75 ohm. Inikeza iziteshi ezimbili zokwamukela (RX) kanye nokudlulisa (TX). Isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amasignali angalingani.
I-Fiber interface
I-fiber interface iyisixhumi esibonakalayo esisetshenziswa ukuxhuma izintambo ze-fiber optic. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo eziningana ezifana ne-SC, ST, LC, FC. Ngoxhumo lwe-10Base-F, isixhumi ngokuvamile siwuhlobo lwe-ST, kanti esinye isiphetho i-FC sixhunywe kuphaneli ye-fiber optic patch. I-FC isifinyezo se-FerruleConnector. Indlela yokuqinisa yangaphandle iwumkhono wensimbi futhi indlela yokubopha iyinkinobho yesikulufu. I-ST interface ivamise ukusetshenziselwa i-10Base-F, SC interface ivamise ukusetshenziselwa i-100Base-FX ne-GBIC, i-LC ivamise ukusetshenziselwa i-SFP.
I-interface ye-RJ-45
I-interface ye-RJ-45 iyisixhumi esibonakalayo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Ethernet. I-RJ-45 yigama elivame ukusetshenziswa, elibhekisela ekumisweni kwe-IEC (60) 603-7, kusetshenziswa izikhundla eziyisi-8 (izikhonkwane eziyi-8) ezichazwe indinganiso yesixhumi samazwe ngamazwe. I-modular jack noma ipulaki.
RS-232 interface
I-RS-232-C interface (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-EIA RS-232-C) iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokuxhumana ye-serial. Kuyindinganiso yokuxhumana kwe-serial eyathuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela yi-American Electronics Industry Association (EIA) ngo-1970 ngokuhlanganyela nezinhlelo ze-Bell, abakhiqizi bemodemu, kanye nabakhiqizi betheminali yamakhompyutha. Igama layo eliphelele “i-serial binary data interface standard standard between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communication equipment (DCE)”. Izinga libeka ukuthi isixhumi se-DB25 samaphini angu-25 sisetshenziselwa ukucacisa okuqukethwe kwesignali kwephinikhodi ngayinye yesixhumi, kanye nezinga lamasignali ahlukahlukene.
I-interface ye-RJ-11
I-interface ye-RJ-11 yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi i-interface yocingo. I-RJ-11 igama elijwayelekile lesixhumi esakhiwe yi-Western Electric. Uhlaka lwayo luchazwa njengedivayisi yokuxhumana enamaphini angu-6. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa nge-WExW, lapho u-x esho ukuthi "okusebenzayo", ukuthintana noma inaliti yokulutha. Isibonelo, i-WE6W inabo bonke oxhumana nabo abangu-6, okufakwe izinombolo 1 kuya ku-6, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-WE4W sisebenzisa izikhonkwane ezi-4 kuphela, oxhumana nabo ababili abangaphandle (1 kanye no-6) abasetshenziswa, i-WE2W isebenzisa kuphela izikhonkwane ezimbili ezimaphakathi (okungukuthi, ekuxhumaneni komugqa wefoni) .
I-CWDM ne-DWDM
Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwezinsizakalo zedatha ye-IP ku-inthanethi, isidingo somkhawulokudonsa womugqa wokudlulisela sinyukile. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) buyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuxazulula inkinga yokunwetshwa komkhawulokudonsa womugqa, ubuchwepheshe be-CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) bunezinzuzo ngaphezu kwe-DWDM mayelana nezindleko zesistimu nokugcinwa.
Kokubili i-CWDM ne-DWDM ziyingxenye yobuchwepheshe be-multiplexing be-wavelength division, futhi zingabhangqa ubude obuhlukene bokukhanya zibe ifayibha ewumgogodla owodwa futhi ziwadlulise ndawonye.
Izinga lakamuva le-ITU le-CWDM yi-G.695, elicacisa iziteshi ze-wavelength ezingu-18 ezinesikhawu esingu-20nm ukusuka ku-1271nm kuya ku-1611nm. Uma kucatshangelwa umphumela wokuphakama kwamanzi we-G.652 optical fibers evamile, iziteshi ezingu-16 zivame ukusetshenziswa. Ngenxa yesikhala esikhulu sesiteshi, amadivaysi e-multiplexing kanye ne-demultiplexing namalaser ishibhile kunamadivayisi e-DWDM.
Isikhawu sesiteshi se-DWDM sinezikhawu ezihlukene ezifana no-0.4nm, 0.8nm, 1.6nm, njll. Isikhawu sincane futhi kudingeka amathuluzi engeziwe okulawula ubude begagasi. Ngakho-ke, imishini esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-DWDM ibiza kakhulu kunemishini esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-CWDM.
I-PIN photodiode isendlalelo sezinto ezibonakalayo zohlobo lwe-N olufakwe kancane phakathi kohlobo lwe-P kanye ne-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N olunokugxiliswa kwe-doping okuphezulu, okubizwa ngokuthi ungqimba lwe-I (Intrinsic). Ngenxa yokuthi i-doped kancane, ukugxila kwe-electron kuphansi kakhulu, futhi ungqimba olubanzi lokunciphisa kwakheka ngemva kokusabalalisa, okungathuthukisa isivinini salo sokuphendula nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa.
Ama-avalanche photodiode e-APD awanawo nje kuphela ukuguqulwa kokubona / kagesi kodwa futhi nokukhulisa kwangaphakathi. Ukukhulisa kufezwa umphumela wokuphindaphinda kwe-avalanche ngaphakathi kweshubhu. I-APD iyi-photodiode enenzuzo. Uma ukuzwela kwesamukeli se-optical kuphezulu, i-APD iyasiza ukunweba ibanga lokudlulisela lesistimu.