I-Fiber-optic communication(FTTx) ibilokhu ithathwa njengendlela yokufinyelela ebanzi ethembisa kakhulu ngemva kokufinyelela kwe-Broadband ye-DSL. Ngokungafani nokuxhumana okujwayelekile okusontekile okubili, inemvamisa yokusebenza ephezulu namandla amakhulu (kungasekelwe kubasebenzisi okudingeka bathuthukele kumkhawulokudonsa okhethekile we-10-100Mbps), ukunciphisa kancane, akukho ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kagesi, amandla aqinile e-anti-electromagnetic pulse, ubumfihlo obuhle kanye njalonjalo.
I-Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) ihlanganisa amafomethi okufinyelela ahlukahlukene afana ne-FTTP evamile (I-Fiber to the Presise, i-FiberToThePremise), i-FTTB (i-Fiber to Building, i-FiberToTheBuilding), i-FTTC (i-Fiber to Roadside, i-FiberToTheCurb), i-FTTN (i-Fiber to the Neighbourhood, I-FiberToTheNeighborhood), i-FTTZ (I-Fiber to the Zone, i-FiberToTheZone), i-FTTO (I-Fiber to The Office, i-FiberToTheOffice), i-FTTH (I-Fiber eya Ekhaya noma i-Fiber eya Ekhaya, i-FiberToTheHome).
I-FTTH iyinketho engcono kakhulu yokuthi i-fiber ingene ekhaya ngokuqondile
Kubasebenzisi abaningi basekhaya, i-FTTH iyinketho engcono kakhulu. Leli fomu lingaxhuma i-optical fiber kanye neyunithi yenethiwekhi ye-optical (I-ONU) ngqo ekhaya. Kuyinhlobonhlobo yokufinyelela kwe-fiber broadband ngaphandle kwe-FTTD (fiber to desktop, FiberToTheDesk). Indlela yokufinyelela i-fiber eseduze kakhulu nomsebenzisi.Ngokwejwayelekile kwendlela yokufinyelela i-fiber broadband, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufinyelela kwe-broadband ye-FTTH yamanje akubhekiseli nje ku-fiber ekhaya, futhi ngokuvamile kubhekise ku-fiber ehlukahlukene. -amafomu okufinyelela ekhaya afana ne-FTTO, FTTD, ne-FTTN.
Ukwengeza, umfundi kufanele anake umehluko phakathi kohlelo lwamanje lokufinyelela kwe-broadband “FTTx+LAN (fiber + LAN)” ekuqondeni i-FTTH.FTTx+LAN iyisixazululo sokufinyelela kwe-broadband esebenzisa “100Mbps kuseli noma isakhiwo, 1 -10Mbps ukuya ekhaya” usebenzisa i-fiber +5 imodi yokupheya esontekile -shintshakanye nehhovisi eliphakathishintshakanye neyunithi yenethiwekhi yokubona (I-ONU) Ixhunyiwe, iseli lisebenzisa ikhebula elisontekile leSigaba 5, futhi izinga lokufinyelela lomsebenzisi lingafinyelela ku-1-10Mbps.
Ngokungafani nohlelo lomkhawulokudonsa olukhethekile womndeni owodwa we-FTTH, umkhawulokudonsa we-FTTx+LAN wabiwa abasebenzisi abaningi noma imindeni. Uma kunabasebenzisi abaningi ababiwe, umkhawulokudonsa noma isivinini senethiwekhi ye-FTTx+LAN kunzima ukusiqinisekisa.
Izinga lobuchwepheshe le-FTTH
Njengamanje, kubonakala sengathi i-ADSL2+ ne-FTTH eyingqayizivele yomkhawulokudonsa sekuphenduke inkambiso evamile yokuthuthukiswa kwe-broadband esikhathini esizayo.Kubuchwepheshe be-FTTH, ngemva kwe-APON (ATMPON), okwamanje kukhona izinga le-GPON (GigabitPON) elithuthukiswe yi-ITU/ I-FSAN, kanye namazinga amabili e-EPON (EthernetPON) athuthukiswe iqembu elisebenzayo le-IEEE802.3ah ayaqhudelana.
Ubuchwepheshe be-GPON buyisizukulwane esisha se-broadband passive optical integrated access standard based on ITU-TG.984.x standard. I-bandwidth etholakalayo imayelana ne-1111 Mbit/s. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bunzima, bunomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukumbozwa okukhulu nabasebenzisi. Izinzuzo zezindawo zokusebenzelana ezinothile zibhekwa abanye o-opharetha baseYurophu naseMelika njengobuchwepheshe obufanele bezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi yokufinyelela i-broadband.
Isixazululo se-EPON sinokulinganiseka okuhle futhi singabona izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuya ekhaya
I-EPON (i-Ethernet Passive Optical Network) iphinde ibe uhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yokufinyelela ifayibha. Umkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo wokudlulisa i-uplink ngu-1000 Mbit/s. Isebenzisa isakhiwo se-point-to-multipoint kanye nokudluliswa kwe-fiber optical passive, futhi ingahlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi ku-Ethernet. Ibhizinisi lihlanganisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-PON kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet, okufaka izindleko eziphansi, umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukuqina okuqinile, ukuhambisana okuhle ne-Ethernet ekhona, nokuphathwa okulula. Isetshenziswa e-Asia, njenge-China ne-Japan. Okuningi okubanzi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-PON fiber system yakhiweOLT(Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), POS (Passive Optical Splitter),I-ONU(Optical Network Unit) kanye nesistimu yayo yokuphatha inethiwekhi .Lezi zingxenye zifakwa isifaki se-ISP phakathi nokufakwa, futhi abasebenzisi basekhaya ngokwabo ngokuvamile abanazo izimo zokuzimisa bona.
Isakhiwo se-FTTH
Ngokuya ngemisebenzi ethile, iOLTibekwe ehhovisi elimaphakathi le-ISP futhi inesibopho sokuxhuma, ukuphatha, nokunakekela isiteshi sokulawula.Ibanga eliphezulu lokudlulisela phakathi kwesiteshi sokulawula.OLTkanye neI-ONUingafinyelela ku-10-20km noma ngaphezulu. IOLTinomsebenzi ohlukahlukene wokuhlola ibanga elinengqondo phakathi kokunyeI-ONUkanye neOLT, futhi ngokufanele, iI-ONUiyalelwa ukuthi ilungise ukulibaziseka kokudlulisa isignali yayo ukwenza okuhlukile. Izimpawu ezidluliswa yi-Ama-ONUyebanga kungenziwa multiplex ngokunembile ndawonye at theOLT.OLTamadivaysi ngokuvamile nawo anomsebenzi wokwabiwa komkhawulokudonsa, ongabeka umkhawulokudonsa othize nge-OLTngokwezidingo zeI-ONU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OLTidivayisi inesici sehabhu yephoyinti ukuya ku-multipoint, kanye neOLTangathwala 32Ama-ONU(futhi inganwetshwa kamuva), nakho konkeAma-ONUngaphansi ngakunyeOLTyabelana ngomkhawulokudonsa we-1G ngokusebenzisa ukuphindaphinda kokuhlukaniswa kwesikhathi, okungukuthi, ngakunyeI-ONUinganikeza phezulu naphansi Umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu yi-1 Gbps.
I-POS passive fibre splitter, i-splitter noma i-splitter, iyithuluzi elisebenzayo elixhumanisa i-OLTkanye neI-ONU. Umsebenzi wayo ukusabalalisa amasiginali okufakwayo (okwehlayo komfula) kumachweba amaningi okukhiphayo, okuvumela abasebenzisi abaningi ku-One fibre kwabelwanwa ngayo ukuze kwabiwe umkhawulokudonsa; ohlangothini olukhuphuka nomfula, amaningiI-ONUamasignali okubonayo ahlukaniswa isikhathi abe yifayibha eyodwa.
I-ONUngokuvamile inamachweba angu-1-32 100M futhi ingaxhunywa kumatheminali enethiwekhi ahlukahlukene
II-ONUiyidivayisi esetshenziswa i-UE ukufinyelela umsebenzisi wokugcina noma iphasejishintsha. I-single optical fiber ingaphindaphinda isikhathi idatha yokuningiAma-ONUkweyodwaOLTimbobo ngokusebenzisa i-passive optical splitter.Ngenxa ye-topology yesihlahla ekhomba-kuya-kumaphuzu amaningi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwedivayisi yokuhlanganisa kuncishisiwe, nezinga lenethiwekhi nalo liyacaca.IningiI-ONUamadivaysi aqinisekileshintshaimisebenzi. I-uplink interface iyisixhumi esibonakalayo se-PON. Ixhunywe ebhodini le-interface ye-OLTidivayisi ngokusebenzisa isihlukanisi se-optical passive. I-downlink ixhunywe ngezimbobo ze-1-32 100-Gigabit noma i-Gigabit RJ45. Amadivayisi edatha, njengeamaswishi, i-broadbandimizila, amakhompyutha, amafoni e-IP, amabhokisi okusetha phezulu, njll., vumela ukusetshenziswa kwephoyinti ukuya ku-multipoint.
Indlela yokuxhumana emndenini
Ngokuvamile, i-FTTH kuya ku-I-ONUizinto zokusebenza zetheminali zizohlinzeka okungenani izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezine ze-100M RJ45. Kubasebenzisi abanamakhompyutha amane axhunywe amakhadi enethiwekhi anentambo, bangahlangabezana nezidingo zamakhompyutha amaningi abelana ngokufinyelela i-inthanethi ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumanethiwekhi e-FTTH asebenzisa i-IP enamandla, abasebenzisi bangaxhuma futhiamaswishinoma ama-APs angenazintambo ukuze kwandiswe amanethiwekhi anezintambo nangenawaya njengoba kudingeka.
I-Broadband yamanjeimizilaingasekela ngokuphelele izixazululo zokufinyelela ze-FTTH
Kumatheminali e-FTTH ahlinzeka kuphela nge-interface engu-100M RJ45 esebenzisa i-IP engaguquki, anganwetshwa nge-broadbandumzilanoma engenantamboumzila.Kusilungiselelo, kusixhumi esibonakalayo sezilungiselelo ze-WEB njeumzila, thola inketho "yembobo ye-WAN", khetha uhlobo loxhumano lwembobo ye-WAN njengemodi "ye-IP emile", bese ufaka ikheli le-IP ne-subnet enikezwe i-ISP kusixhumi esibonakalayo esilandelayo. Imaski, isango nekheli le-DNS kulungile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzisi be-broadband athengiweimizilanoma engenantamboimizilakufanele uyisebenzise njenge-ashintshanoma i-AP engenantambo kunethiwekhi ye-FTTH. Naka amaphuzu alandelayo lapho usetha:Ukusebenzisa intamboumzilanjengoba ashintshanoma i-wireless AP, faka ipulaki elisontekile ukusuka ku-I-ONUidivayisi ngqo kunoma yisiphi isixhumi esibonakalayo embobeni ye-LAN yerutha. Ekhasini lokuphatha le-umzila, cisha umsebenzi weseva ye-DHCP evulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.Setha ikheli le-IP leumzilakanye neI-ONUidivayisi esebenzisa i-IP enamandla njengengxenye yenethiwekhi efanayo.
Njengoba ukufinyelela kwe-fiber kunikeza umkhawulokudonsa ongenamkhawulo, i-Fiber to the Home (FTTH) yaziwa ngokuthi “inkosi” yenkathi ye-broadband futhi iwumgomo omkhulu wokuthuthukiswa kwe-broadband. Ngemuva kokuthi i-fiber ilethwe ekhaya, isivinini se-inthanethi somsebenzisi singaphinde senyuke kakhulu. Kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukulanda imuvi yeDVD engu-500MB, eshesha ngokuphindwe kashumi kunesixazululo samanje se-ADSL. Ngokuncishiswa okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zokumiswa kwe-FTTH, ukukhanya ekhaya kuyasuka ephusheni kuya eqinisweni.