Iphrothokholi ye-HCP dynamic host allocation isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufinyeleleni ku-inthanethi nsuku zonke, njenge-inthanethi yasekhayaumzilaiyiseva ye-DHCP. Uma simisa iklayenti ukuthi lithole ngokuzenzakalelayo ikheli le-IP, iseva ye-DHCP yabela iklayenti ikheli le-IP ngokuvumelana nephrothokholi ye-DHCP.I-ONUingasetshenziswa futhi njengamaseva e-DHCP.
Iphrothokholi ye-DHCP inikezela ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphakethe e-IP ezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko:
I-DHCP Discover: Thumela ngeklayenti ukuze uthole iseva ye-DHCP.
Ukunikezwa kwe-DHCP: Thumela ngeseva ye-DHCP, itshela iklayenti ukuthi nginganikeza ikheli le-IP.
Isicelo se-DHCP: Ukuthumela ngeklayenti kutshela iseva ehambisanayo ye-DHCP ukuthi ngidinga ikheli le-IP.
I-DHCP ACK: Ikhishwe iseva ye-DHCP ukuze inikeze ikheli le-IP lempendulo yeklayenti.
Ukukhishwa kwe-DHCP: Ngokuvamile, iklayenti liyavalwa noma alixhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Lo mlayezo uzobangela ukuthi iseva ye-DHCP ikhulule ikheli le-IP leklayenti elithumela lo mlayezo.
Ulwazi lwe-DHCP: Umlayezo othunyelwe iklayenti elicela ulwazi oluthile kuseva.
Ukwenqaba kwe-DHCP: Uma iklayenti lithola ukuthi ikheli le-IP elinikezwe iseva alitholakali (njengokushayisana kwekheli le-IP), lo mlayezo ukhishwa wazisa iseva ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kwekheli le-IP.
Ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kwe-DHCP, i-UDP isetshenziswa njengephrothokholi yokudlulisela. Umsingathi uthumela isicelo kumbobo yeseva ye-DHCP 67 futhi iseva iphendula umlayezo embobeni yokusingatha 68.
1. Isigaba sokutholwa, lapho iklayenti le-DHCP lifuna iseva ye-DHCP (DHCPdiscover)
Iklayenti le-DHCP lithumela ulwazi lokutholwa kwe-DHCPdiscover ukuze lithole iseva ye-DHCP kumodi yokusakaza (ngoba ikheli le-IP leseva ye-DHCP alaziwa kuklayenti), okungukuthi, ulwazi oluthile lokusakaza ekhelini elithi 255.255.255.255. Wonke usokhaya kunethiwekhi onephrothokholi ye-TCP/IP uzothola lo mlayezo wokusakaza, kodwa yiseva ye-DHCP kuphela ezophendula.
2.Isigaba sokuhlinzeka, lapho iseva ye-DHCP inikeza ikheli le-IP (DHCPoffer)
Iseva ngayinye ye-DHCP kunethiwekhi ethola ukutholwa kwe-DHCPdiscover iphendula ngokukhetha elinye lamakheli e-IP angakaqashiswa kuklayenti le-DHCP futhi ithumele umnikelo we-DHCPoffer oqukethe ikheli le-IP eliqashiwe nezinye izilungiselelo kuklayenti le-DHCP.
3. Isigaba sokukhetha, lapho iklayenti le-DHCP likhetha khona ikheli le-IP elinikezwa iseva ye-DHCP (DHCPrequest)
Uma kuneseva ye-DHCP engaphezu kweyodwa ehlinzeka ngolwazi ku-DHCPoffer ethunyelwe iklayenti le-DHCP, iklayenti le-DHCP lamukela kuphela i-DHCPoffer yokuqala enikeza ulwazi olutholiwe, bese liphendula ulwazi lwesicelo se-DHCPrequest kumodi yokusakaza. Lolu lwazi luqukethe isicelo sekheli le-IP lesiphakeli se-DHCP esizikhethele sona. Isizathu sokuphendula kumodi yokusakaza ukwazisa zonke iziphakeli ze-DHCP ukuthi uzokhetha ikheli le-IP elinikezwe iseva ye-DHCP.
4. Isigaba sokuqinisekisa, lapho iseva ye-DHCP iqinisekisa ikheli le-IP elinikeziwe (DHCPack)
Lapho iseva ye-DHCP ithola ulwazi lwesicelo se-DHCP oluphendulwe iklayenti le-DHCP, ithumela umlayezo wokuvuma i-DHCP kuklayenti le-DHCP nekheli le-IP elinikezile nezinye izilungiselelo ukuze itshele iklayenti le-DHCP ukuthi ingasebenzisa ikheli le-IP elinikezile. Iklayenti le-DHCP libe selibophezela iphrothokholi yalo ye-TCP/IP ekhadini lenethiwekhi, futhi wonke amaseva e-DHCP, ngaphandle kwaleyo ekhethwe iklayenti le-DHCP, abuyisela ikheli le-IP elinikeziwe.
5. Ngena kabusha (DHCPrequest)
Ngokuzayo, isikhathi ngasinye lapho iklayenti le-DHCP lingena kunethiwekhi futhi, akudingekile ukuthi liphinde lithumele ulwazi lokutholwa kwe-DHCPdiscover, kodwa lithumela ngokuqondile ulwazi lwesicelo se-DHCP eliqukethe ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi elabelwe ngaphambilini. Lapho iseva ye-DHCP ithola lolu lwazi, izama ukuvumela iklayenti le-DHCP ukuthi liqhubeke nokusebenzisa ikheli le-IP langempela nezimpendulo ngokuvuma kwe-DHCP. Uma ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lingeke lisanikezwa iklayenti lokuqala le-DHCP (uma ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi selinikezwe elinye iklayenti le-DHCP), iseva ye-DHCP iphendula umlayezo wokwenqaba we-DHCPnack kuklayenti le-DHCP. Lapho iklayenti lokuqala le-DHCP lithola lo mlayezo wokwenqaba we-DHCPnack, kufanele lithumele kabusha umlayezo wokutholwa kwe-DHCP ukuze licele ikheli elisha le-IP.
6. Buyekeza isivumelwano sokuqashisa
Ikheli le-IP eliqashwe iseva ye-DHCP kuklayenti le-DHCP ngokuvamile linesikhathi sokuqashisa, ngemva kwalokho iseva ye-DHCP izobuyisela ikheli le-IP eliqashiwe. Uma iklayenti le-DHCP lifuna ukunweba ukuqashisa kwalo kwe-IP, kufanele livuselele ukuqashisa kwalo kwe-IP. Iklayenti le-DHCP lithumela ngokuzenzakalelayo ulwazi kuseva ye-DHCP ukuze ibuyekeze ukuqashisa kwayo kwe-IP kokubili lapho iklayenti le-DHCP liqalisiwe nalapho ukuqashisa kwe-IP sekuphelile.
Isabelo sokusingatha esiguqukayo se-DHCP siphinde singesinye sethuI-ONUuchungechunge lwemikhiqizo yenethiwekhi, kanye nemikhiqizo yethu ehlobene nenethiwekhi eshisayo ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zeI-ONUimikhiqizo yochungechunge, kuhlanganise ne-ACI-ONU/ ukuxhumanaI-ONU/ ehlakaniphileI-ONU/ ibhokisiI-ONU/ Imbobo ye-PON emibiliI-ONUnjalo njalo. EphezuluI-ONUimikhiqizo yochungechunge ingasetshenziselwa izidingo zenethiwekhi zezimo ezihlukahlukene.Siyakwamukela ukuthi ube nokuqonda okuningiliziwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo.
