Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamojula okuxhumana angenawaya: amanethiwekhi e-5G, amamojula we-25G / 100G optical awumkhuba
Ekuqaleni kuka-2000, amanethiwekhi e-2G kanye ne-2.5G ayesakhiwa, futhi uxhumano lwesiteshi sesisekelo lwaqala ukusika kusuka ezintambo zethusi kuya kuzintambo ezibonakalayo. Ekuqaleni, kusetshenziswe amamojula we-1.25G SFP optical, bese kusetshenziswa amamojula we-2.5G SFP.
Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-3G kwaqala ngo-2008-2009, futhi isidingo samamojula we-base station optical weqela ku-6G.
Ku-2011, umhlaba wangena ekwakhiweni kwamanethiwekhi e-4G, kanye namamojula amakhulu we-10G optical asetshenziswe ku-prequel.
Ngemuva kuka-2017, kancane kancane iguqukele kumanethiwekhi we-5G futhi yeqela kumamojula we-25G / 100G optical. Inethiwekhi ye-4.5G (i-ZTE ishayela i-Pre5G) isebenzisa amamojula optical afanayo njenge-5G.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezakhiwo zenethiwekhi ye-5G kanye nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-4G: Esikhathini se-5G, khulisa ingxenye yokudlulisela, kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo samamojula optical sizokhuphuka.
Inethiwekhi ye-4G isuka ku-RRU iye ku-BBU iya egumbini lekhompyutha eliwumongo. Esikhathini senethiwekhi ye-5G, imisebenzi ye-BBU ingase ihlukaniswe futhi ihlukaniswe ibe yi-DU ne-CU. I-RRU yoqobo eya ku-BBU ingeye-fronthaul, kanti i-BBU yegumbi lekhompiyutha elingumongo ingeye-backhaul. Ngaphandle kwephasi.
Ukuthi i-BBU ihlukaniswe kanjani inomthelela omkhulu kumojula ye-optical. Esikhathini se-3G, abathengisi bemishini yasekhaya banezikhala ezithile kwamanye amazwe. Esikhathini se-4G, balingana namazwe angaphandle, futhi inkathi ye-5G isiqala ukuhola. Muva nje, i-Verizon ne-AT & T bamemezele ukuthi bazoqala ukuhweba nge-5G eminyakeni engu-19, unyaka owodwa ngaphambili kuneChina. Ngaphambi kwalokho, imboni yayikholelwa ukuthi umphakeli ojwayelekile kuzoba nguNokia Ericsson, futhi ekugcineni uVerizon wakhetha i-Samsung. Ukuhlelwa okuphelele kokwakhiwa kwe-5G e-China kunamandla, futhi kungcono ukubikezela okunye. Namuhla, igxile kakhulu emakethe yaseShayina.
Imojula yokudlulisa ukukhanya kwe-5G ngaphambili: Izindleko ze-100G ziphezulu, okwamanje i-25G iyona ehamba phambili
Kokubili i-fronthaul 25G ne-100G izohlala ndawonye. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-BBU ne-RRU enkathini ye-4G yi-CPRI. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphezulu zomkhawulokudonsa we-5G, i-3GPP iphakamisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esisha esijwayelekile se-eCPRI. Uma i-interface ye-eCPRI isetshenziswa, izidingo zomkhawulokudonsa we-interface ye-fronthaul zizocindezelwa ku-25G, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko ze-Optical Transmission.Yiqiniso, ukusetshenziswa kwe-25G kuzoletha nezinkinga eziningi. Kudingeka ukuhambisa eminye imisebenzi ye-BBU iye ku-AAU ukuze uthole amasampula esignali nokucindezelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-AAU iba nzima futhi ibe nkulu. I-AAU ilengiswe embhoshongweni, onezindleko eziphezulu zokuwulungisa kanye nezingozi zekhwalithi ephezulu. Abakhiqizi abakhulu, abakhiqizi bemishini baye basebenzela ukunciphisa i-AAU nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngakho-ke bacabangela nezixazululo ze-100G zokunciphisa umthwalo we-AAU. Uma izintengo ze-100G optical module zingancishiswa ngempumelelo, abakhiqizi bemishini basazothambekela ezixazululweni ze-100G.
I-5G Emaphakathi: Izinketho zemojuli ye-Optical kanye nezidingo zenani ziyahlukahluka kakhulu
Opharetha abahlukene banezindlela ezahlukene zokuxhumana. Ngaphansi kokuxhumana okuhlukile, ukukhethwa kanye nenombolo yamamojula optical kuzohluka kakhulu. Amakhasimende abeke phambili izidingo ze-50G, futhi sizosabela ngenkuthalo kuzidingo zamakhasimende.
I-5G Backhaul: Imojuli ye-Optical Ehlangene
I-backhaul izosebenzisa amamojula abonakalayo ahambisanayo anomkhawulokudonsa wesixhumi esibonakalayo angaphezu kuka-100G. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-200G ihlanganisa ama-akhawunti we-2/3 kanye ne-400G yama-akhawunti ahlangene we-1/3. Ukusuka phambili ukuya maphakathi nephasi ukuya emuva, ihlangana igxathu negxathu. Inani lamamojula optical asetshenziselwa i-pass back lincane kunalelo lokudlula, kodwa inani leyunithi liphezulu.
Ikusasa: kungase kube umhlaba wama-chips
Izinzuzo zemvelo ze-chip zizoyenza ibaluleke nakakhulu kumojula. Isibonelo, i-MACOM isanda kwethula i-chip yokuqala edidiyelwe ye-monolithic embonini yama-transceiver optical webanga elifushane we-100G, izintambo ezibonakalayo ezisebenzayo (AOC) kanye nezinjini ze-optical ezisebhodini. Thumela futhi wamukele izixazululo. I-MALD-37845 entsha ihlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo ukudlulisa iziteshi ezine futhi yamukele imisebenzi yokutholwa kwedatha yewashi (CDR), ama-amplifiers amane e-transimpedance (TIA), kanye namashayeli amane e-vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VSCEL) ukuze anikeze amakhasimende Ukusebenziseka kalula okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuphansi kakhulu. izindleko.
I-MALD-37845 entsha isekela amanani edatha agcwele kusuka ku-24.3 kuya ku-28.1 Gbps futhi yakhelwe i-CPRI, i-100G Ethernet, i-32G Fiber Channel, ne-100G EDR izinhlelo zokusebenza zomkhawulokudonsa ongenamkhawulo. Izohlinzeka amakhasimende ngesisombululo se-single-chip esinamandla aphansi futhi iyi-compact optical Ideal yezingxenye. I-MALD-37845 isekela ukusebenzisana namalaser ahlukahlukene we-VCSEL nama-photodetectors, futhi i-firmware yayo iyahambisana nezixazululo zangaphambili ze-MACOM.
"I-Optical module kanye nabahlinzeki be-AOC bangaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ngoba badinga ukusiza amakhasimende ukuthi afinyelele ukuxhumeka kwe-100G enkulu," kusho uMarek Tlalka, umqondisi omkhulu wezokumaketha wesigaba semikhiqizo ye-analog ephezulu yokusebenza e-MACOM. "Sikholelwa ukuthi i-MALD-37845 inganqoba ukuhlanganiswa kanye nezinselele zezindleko ezitholakala emikhiqizweni yendabuko yama-chip amaningi futhi inikeze izixazululo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zezinhlelo zokusebenza zebanga elifushane le-100G."
I-MACOM's MALD-37845 100G isixazululo se-single-chip manje siyisampula kumakhasimende futhi ihlelelwe ukuqala ukukhiqizwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019.