一.Izimali ezithunyelwa ngezimpahla ezihlukene okumele abanikazi bazi
Ngaphezu komthwalo “omsulwa”, kunezigemegeme ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zazo ezikhokhiswa umnikazi womkhumbi kanti ezinye ezokuthutha .Iqoqwa yitheminali yechweba/itheku, kanti ezinye ziqoqwa umdluliseli ngokwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali eziningi azimakwanga ngokucacile .Zinembile, zivumelana nezimo kakhulu. Ezinye izindleko zizokhokhiswa othunyiweyo ngaphezu komthumeli. Lokhu kungaveza kalula izicupho ezi-A ezimbili: i-ejenti ethile yezimpahla ukuqoqa izimali ezengeziwe ngaphansi kokuzenzisa okungamanga, 2 i-ejenti yezimpahla ukulungisa phakathi komthumeli nomthumeli, ukudlulisa Ingxenye yezindleko.
Ngokuvamile, umthumeli ubheka umthumeli wempahla, umthumeli uyikhasimende, umthumeli wempahla uzozama ukwehlisa izindleko ukuze ajabulise umthumeli, bese ekhokhisa imali encane, bese ethekwini okuyiwa kulo akhokhise amakhasimende (umthumeli) imali eyengeziwe, abambe inkunzi. UPetru ukukhokhela uPawulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho. lokhu yingakho izindleko zezimpahla ezifanayo zizoba phansi uma sithola umdluliseli ngesisekelo se-CIF. Ku-FOB, umdluliseli oqokwe ikhasimende, izehlakalo ze-RMB ziphakeme kakhulu.
Ukwazi la maqiniso, akufanele sifise ukuhwebelana kwesikhashana ngokucabanga ukuthi ukwehla kwentengo kuba ngcono. Kodwa kufanele kube okubalulekile kuqala ukunquma ukwakheka kwentengo, ukugwema abanye abathumbi bempahla ababi ngemva kokuthumela amashaji angenasizathu noma adluliselwe kumakhasimende, okusithinta ngothando lwamakhasimende nokubambisana.
Okokuqala nje, sizoba nokuqonda okuthile kokwakheka kwezindleko zempahla kanye nengozi, sifunde ukuhlukanisa “imithetho” yezinto zokushaja kanye nezindleko ezingalungile.
Izehlakalo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:
二. Imali yokuthengisa ye CIC
Inkokhelo ye-CIC isifinyezo esithi ”Container Inbalance Charge ”, ebuye ihunyushwe ngokuthi “imali yokuphathwa kwezisetshenziswa”, le mali ye-CIC ibangelwa ikakhulukazi yizizathu ezilandelayo:
1. Ukwehluka kwesizini ekuthuthweni kwempahla emigwaqweni yalayini yomhlaba kuholela ekungalinganini kokugeleza kwempahla: Amazwe aseNtshonalanga avamise ukuba nempahla ekuqaleni konyaka, Ngesizini engasebenzi yezokuthutha, umthamo wamabhokisi ukhuphuka kancane kancane ngo-April nangoMeyi. , futhi umthamo wokuhweba uqala ukwanda, futhi kuzoholela ekuhwebeni ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi ukukhuphuka okuncane kwevolumu.
2. Ukungalingani kwezohwebo phakathi kwamazwe noma izifunda kuzo zombili iziphetho zomzila: IShayina namanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Asia athumela izimpahla eziningi kakhulu eYurophu kunezisuka eYurophu izimpahla ezingeniswa eChina nakwezinye izifunda zaseMpumalanga Asia, umzila waseMpumalanga Ekude eNyakatho Melika nawo unomzila ofanayo. izinkinga ezibalulekile.
3. Umehluko ezinhlotsheni kanye nemvelo yezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kanye nomehluko ezindlekweni zokuthutha nezokuphatha, nakho kubangela ukungalingani kweziqukathi zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle.
三.Izimali ze-CFF
I-CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION (CFS) iyindawo yokuphatha i-LCL. Iphatha ukunikezelwa kwe-LCL kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-LCL. Ngemva kokulayisha, amabhokisi azothunyelwa ku-CY(Container Yard) futhi izimpahla ezingenisiwe zizonikezwa ngebhokisi le-CY, ukupakisha, ukuhlanganisa, ukugcina, futhi ekugcineni kwabiwe kulowo nalowo othunyelwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kungabuye kuthunywe umthwali ukuthi avale futhi akhiphe amarisidi esiteshini nokunye.
Izimali ze-CFS zivame ukubalwa ngesikwele. Ngenxa yokuthi i-CFS iyizindleko ze-LCL, isechwebeni lokuthunyelwa kanye netheku lendawo. Ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-FOB, i-CFS ifakwe ohlwini ngokuhlukile futhi ikhokhiswa kumkhiqizi noma efekthri. Njengoba i-FOB iyimpahla ezoqoqwa, izindleko zechweba azifakiwe ezindlekweni zempahla. Ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-CIF, layisha imali ye-CFS esikhumulweni semikhumbi yokuthutha ifakiwe esilinganisweni sempahla yasolwandle esibikwe kuwe ngumdluliseli, ngakho-ke i-CFS ngeke iqoqwe esikhumulweni semikhumbi. kodwa abathenga kwamanye amazwe kusafanele bakhokhe izimali zabo ze-CFS esikhumulweni semikhumbi lapho beya khona.
四. Imali yokuthengisa ye EBS
Ukushintsha kwe-Emerent Bunker. Lezi zindleko ngokuvamile zibangelwa amanani entengo kawoyela ongahluziwe wamazwe ngamazwe aqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ngaphezu kwamandla abanikazi bemikhumbi ukuthwala, ngakho-ke abanikazi bemikhumbi emakethe babuthakathaka, abakwazi ukukhulisa icala lempahla yasolwandle, ukuze banciphise izindleko zokulahlekelwa, futhi bakhulise. izindleko.
Ingabe sidinga ukukhokha imali ye-EBS ye-FOB? Impendulo ithi cha, i-EBS iyinhlawulo eyengeziwe yokuthutha olwandle, akuyona eyezimali zendawo ze-FOB, ngakho amakhasimende akudingeki akhokhe izimali ze-EBS lapho enza i-FOB. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje ezinye izinkampani zokuthumela ngemikhumbi asikwazi ukuthola izindleko kukhasimende, ngakho sidlulisela i-EBS kukhasimende le-FOB, uma ikhasimende lihlangana nenkampani yokuthumela impahla noma impahla lapho i-ejenti icela ukuqoqa izimali ze-EBS, lingakwazi. zama ukuxoxisana nekhasimende futhi ucele ikhasimende ukuthi lithwale izindleko.
五. Izindleko zasendaweni
六. Izindleko ezikhokhwa phakathi kwezindlela zohwebo ezimbalwa
1.Ex Works (EXW=Ex Works) :
Indawo yokulethwa: imboni noma indawo yokugcina impahla yezwe elithumela ngaphandle; Ezokuthutha: umthwalo wemfanelo womthengi; Umshwalense: umthwalo wemfanelo womthengi; Ukuthekelisa ngesandla kuyaqhubeka: Isibopho somthengi; Izinqubo zokungenisa: isibopho somthengi.
2. FOB=Imahhala ku-Borad:
Indawo yokulethwa: Ichweba lokuthunyelwa; Ezokuthutha: umthwalo wemfanelo womthengi; Umshwalense: umthwalo wemfanelo womthengi; Izinqubo zokuthekelisa: isibopho somthengisi; Izinqubo zokungenisa: isibopho somthengi.
3.Izindleko+ Zokuthwala +Umshwalense, CIF=Izindleko+Zomshwalense+Impahla
Indawo yokulethwa: Ichweba lokuthunyelwa; Ezokuthutha: isibopho somthengisi; Umshwalense: isibopho somthengisi; Izinqubo zokuthekelisa: isibopho somthengisi; Izinqubo zokungenisa: isibopho somthengisi.
4.Izindleko Nezimpahla (CFR=Cost+Freight) :
Indawo yokulethwa: Ichweba lokuthunyelwa; Ezokuthutha: isibopho somthengisi; Umshwalense: umthwalo wemfanelo womthengi; Izinqubo zokuthekelisa: isibopho somthengisi; Embonweni osemthethweni: umthengi unesibopho .