Indlela yokunquma ye-IPv4 yabekwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ukusetshenziswa kwe-WWW kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokuqhuma kwe-inthanethi. Ngezinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-inthanethi eziya ziba yinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuhlukahluka kwetheminali , ukunikezwa kwamakheli e-IP azimele emhlabeni wonke sekuqalile ukubhekana nengcindezi enkulu. Kule ndawo, ngo-1999, isivumelwano se-IPv6 sazalwa.
I-IPv6 inesikhala sekheli esingafika ku-128 bits, esingaxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yekheli le-IPv4 elinganele. Njengoba ikheli le-IPv4 lingu-32-bit kanambambili, inombolo yamakheli e-IP angamelwa ngu-232 = 42949,9672964 billion, ngakho-ke kukhona cishe amabhiliyoni angu-4 amakheli e-IP ku-inthanethi. Ngemva kokuthuthukela ku-128-bit IPv6, amakheli e-IP ku-inthanethi ngokwethiyori azoba no-2128=3.4 * 1038. Uma ubuso bomhlaba (kuhlanganise nomhlaba namanzi) bumbozwe ngamakhompyutha, i-IPv6 ivumela u-7 * 1023 amakheli e-IP ngemitha yesikwele ngayinye; uma izinga lokwabiwa kwekheli liyisigidi esingu-1 nge-microsecond ngayinye, kuzothatha iminyaka engu-1019 ukunikeza wonke amakheli.
Ifomethi yamaphakethe e-IPv6
Iphakethe le-IP v6 lineheda eyisisekelo engamabhayithi angu-40 (inhlokweni eyisisekelo), ngemva kwalokho ibe nesihloko esingu-0 noma ngaphezulu esinwetshiwe (inhlokweni yesandiso), bese kuba nedatha. Umfanekiso olandelayo ubonisa ifomethi kanhlokweni eyisisekelo ye-IPv6. Iphakethe ngalinye le-IPV 6 liqala ngesihloko esiyisisekelo. Izinkambu eziningi kunhlokweni oyisisekelo we-IPv6 zingahambelana ngokuqondile nezinkambu eziku-IPv4.
(1) Inkambu yenguqulo (inguqulo) ingeye-4 bits, echaza inguqulo yephrothokholi ye-IP. Ku-IPv6, inani lenkundla ngu-0110, okuyinombolo yedesimali engu-6.
(2) Uhlobo lokuxhumana (Isigaba se-Traffic), le nkambu ithatha amabhithi ayi-8, okuhlanganisa nenkambu yokubalulekile (okubalulekile) inamabhithi angu-4. Okokuqala, i-IPv6 ihlukanisa ukusakaza kube izigaba ezimbili, okungaba ukulawula ukuminyana hhayi ukulawula ukuminyana. Isigaba ngasinye sihlukaniswe saba yizinto ezibalulekile eziyisishiyagalombili. Uma likhulu inani elibalulekile, iqembu libaluleke kakhulu. Kokulawulwa ukuminyana , okubalulekile ngu-0~7, futhi izinga lokudlulisela lamaphakethe anjalo lingehliswa uma kwenzeka ukuminyana. Okungenakulawulwa ukuminyana, okuhamba phambili ngu-8 kuya ku-15, okuyizinsizakalo zesikhathi sangempela, njengokudluliswa kwezinsizakalo zomsindo noma zevidiyo. Izinga lokudlulisa iphakethe lale sevisi lihlala njalo, ngisho noma amanye amaphakethe ehlisiwe, alidluliseli kabusha.
(3) Uphawu lokugeleza (Ilebula eligelezayo): Inkambu ithatha amabhithi angama-20. Ukugeleza uchungechunge lwamaphakethe edatha ku-inthanethi ukusuka kusizindalwazi esithile kuya endaweni ethile okuyiwa kuyo (i-unicast noma i-multicast). Wonke amaphakethe okusakaza okufanayo anelebula yokusakaza efanayo. Isiteshi somthombo sikhetha ngokungahleliwe ilebula lokugeleza phakathi kwamamaki okugeleza angama-224-1. Umaki ogelezayo ongu-0 ubekelwe ukukhombisa izimpawu zokugeleza ezingasetshenzisiwe. Ukukhetha okungahleliwe kwamalebula okusakaza ngesiteshi somthombo akungqubuzani phakathi kwamakhompyutha. Ngoba iumzilaisebenzisa inhlanganisela yekheli lomthombo kanye nelebula lokugeleza kwephakethe lapho ixhuma ukusakaza okuthile nephakethe.
Wonke amaphakethe asuka esiteshini somthombo anelebula elifanayo lokusakaza okungelona uziro kufanele abe nekheli lomthombo elifanayo nekheli okuyiwa kulo, isihloko esifanayo senketho ye-hop-by-hop (uma lesi sihloko sikhona) kanye nesihloko esifanayo sokukhetha umzila (uma lesi sihloko. ikhona). Inzuzo yalokhu ukuthi lapho i-umzilaicubungula iphakethe, vele uhlole ilebula yokugeleza ngaphandle kokuhlola noma yini enye enhlokweni yephakethe. Ayikho ilebula yokugeleza enencazelo ethile, futhi isiteshi somthombo kufanele sicacise ukucubungula okukhethekile esikufuna ngakunyeumzilayenza ephaketheni layo kunhlokweni enwetshiwe
(4) Ubude bengqikithi yomthwalo (Ubude bokulayisha): Ubude benkambu bungamabhithi angu-16, okubonisa inani lamabhayithi aqukethwe kuphakethe le-IPv6 ngaphandle kwesihloko ngokwaso. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iphakethe le-IPv6 lingabamba idatha engu-64 KB. Njengoba ubude beheda be-IPv6 bulungisiwe, akudingekile ukucacisa ubude obuphelele bephakethe (isamba senhlokweni nezingxenye zedatha) njengaku-IPv4.
(5) Unhlokweni olandelayo ( unhlokweni olandelayo): amabhithi angu-8 ubude. Ikhomba uhlobo lweheda enwetshwayo elandela unhlokweni we-IPv6. Le nkambu ibonisa uhlobo lukanhlokweni ngokushesha olulandela oluyisisekelo.
(6)Umkhawulo we-hop(Hop limit):(uthatha amabhithi angu-8) ukuze uvimbele amaphakethe ukuthi ahlale kunethiwekhi unomphela. Isiteshi somthombo sibeka umkhawulo othile we-hop lapho iphakethe ngalinye lithunyelwa. Lapho ngamunyeumzilaidlulisela phambili iphakethe, inani lenkundla ye-hop- limit kufanele lehliswe ngo-1. Uma inani le-hop Limit lingu-0, iphakethe kufanele lilahlwe. Lokhu kulingana nenkambu yempilo yonke enhlokweni ye-IPv4, kodwa ilula kunesikhathi somkhawulo wokubala ku-IPv4.
(7) Ikheli le-IP lomthombo (Ikheli Lomthombo): Le nkambu ithatha amabhithi angu-128 futhi iyikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lesiteshi esithumelayo saleli phakethe.
(8) Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi (Ikheli Lendawo): Le nkambu ithatha amabhithi angu-128 futhi iyikheli le-IP lesiteshi sokwamukela leli phakethe.
Ifomethi yephakethe ye-IPv6 ingeye-Shenzhen HDV Photoelectron Technology co., LTD., umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe wesofthiwe, Futhi inkampani ihlanganise ithimba lesofthiwe elinamandla lemishini ehlobene nenethiwekhi (njenge: ACI-ONU/ ukuxhumanaI-ONU/ ehlakaniphileI-ONU/ fiberI-ONU/XPONI-ONU/GPONI-ONUnjll). Kuwo wonke amakhasimende enza ngendlela oyifisayo izimfuno ezikhethekile ezizidingayo, futhi vumela imikhiqizo yethu ihlakaniphe futhi ithuthuke kakhulu.