Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-fiber optical

I-fiber engenalutho ye-fiber optical ivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izingqimba ezintathu: i-core, i-cladding ne-coating.

I-fiber core kanye ne-cladding yakhiwe ngengilazi enezinkomba ezihlukile ze-refractive, isikhungo i-high refractive index glass core (silica ye-germanium-doped), kanti phakathi nendawo iyinkomba ephansi ye-silica glass cladding (silica ehlanzekile). Ukukhanya kungena ku-fiber nge-engeli ethile yesigameko, futhi ukukhishwa okuphelele kwenzeka phakathi kwe-fiber kanye ne-cladding (ngoba inkomba ye-refractive ye-cladding ingaphansi kancane kunomongo), ngakho-ke ingasakazeka ku-fiber.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-coating ukuvikela i-fiber optical emonakalweni wangaphandle, kuyilapho ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kwe-fiber optical. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umnyombo kanye ne-cladding yenziwe ngengilazi futhi ayikwazi ukugoba futhi ibe ntekenteke. Ukusetshenziswa kwesendlalelo sokumboza kuvikela futhi kwandisa impilo yefiber.

Ungqimba lwe-sheath yangaphandle yengezwa ku-fiber engangenalutho. Ngaphezu kokuyivikela, i-sheath yangaphandle yemibala ehlukene ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlukanisa imicu ehlukahlukene ye-optical.

I-fiber ye-Optical ihlukaniswe yaba yi-fiber yemodi eyodwa (I-Single Mode Fiber) ne-multimode fiber (I-Multi Mode Fiber) ngokuya ngemodi yokudlulisela. Ukukhanya kungena ku-fiber nge-engeli ethize yesigameko, futhi ukukhishwa okugcwele kwenzeka phakathi kwefayibha kanye ne-cladding. Lapho ububanzi buncane, isiqondiso esisodwa kuphela sokukhanya esivunyelwe ukudlula, okungukuthi, i-fiber yemodi eyodwa; lapho ububanzi befiber bukhulu, ukukhanya kungavunyelwa. Jova futhi usabalalise kuma-engeli amaningi esigameko, kulokhu kuthiwa i-multimode fiber.

Izici zokudlulisa i-fiber optical

I-Optical fiber inezici ezimbili eziyinhloko zokudlulisela: ukulahlekelwa nokuhlakazeka. Ukulahleka kwefiber optical kubhekisela ekuncipheni ngobude beyunithi ngayinye yefiber optical, ku-dB/km. Izinga lokulahlekelwa kwe-fiber optical lithinta ngokuqondile ibanga lokudlulisela lesistimu yokuxhumana ye-fiber optical noma ibanga phakathi kweziteshi zokudlulisa. I-Fiber dispersion ibhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi isignali edluliswa yifayibha ithwalwa izingxenye zefrikhwensi ehlukene kanye nezingxenye zemodi ehlukene, futhi isivinini sokudlulisa sezingxenye zefrikhwensi ehlukene kanye nezingxenye zemodi ehlukene zihlukile, okuholela ekuhlanekeni kwesignali.

I-Fiber dispersion ihlukaniswe ngokuhlakazeka kwezinto, ukuhlakazeka kwe-waveguide kanye nokuhlakazeka kwe-modal. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zokusabalalisa zibangelwa isignali engeyona ifrikhwensi eyodwa, futhi uhlobo lwakamuva lokuhlakazeka lubangelwa isignali kungeyona imodi eyodwa. Isignali akuyona imodi eyodwa ezobangela ukuhlakazeka kwemodi.

Ifayibha yemodi eyodwa inemodi eyodwa kuphela eyisisekelo, ngakho-ke kukhona kuphela ukuhlakazwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuhlakazeka kwe-waveguide, futhi akukho ukuhlakazeka kwe-modal. I-multimode fiber inokusabalalisa phakathi kwemodi. Ukuhlakazwa kwe-fiber optical akuthinti nje kuphela amandla okudlulisela e-fiber optical, kodwa futhi kukhawulela ibanga lokudluliselwa kwesistimu yokuxhumana ye-fiber optical.

I-fiber yemodi eyodwa

I-fiber yemodi eyodwa (I-Single Mode Fiber), ukukhanya kungena ku-fiber nge-engeli ethile yesigameko, bese kuphuma ukukhishwa okugcwele phakathi kwefayibha kanye nokuvala. Lapho ububanzi bufinyezwa, isiqondiso esisodwa kuphela sokukhanya esivunyelwe ukudlula, okungukuthi, i-fiber yemodi eyodwa; Umongo wengilazi omaphakathi wefayibha yemodi mncane kakhulu, ububanzi obuyingqikithi ngokuvamile bungu-8.5 noma 9.5 μm, futhi busebenza ku-1310 kanye no-1550 nm wamaza.

I-Multimode fiber

I-Multi-mode fiber (I-Multi Mode Fiber) iyifayibha evumela ukudluliswa kwemodi eqondisiwe eminingi. Ububanzi be-multimode fiber ngokuvamile bungu-50μm/62.5μm. Ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu be-multimode fiber bukhulu kakhulu, bungakwazi ukuvumela izindlela ezihlukene zokukhanya ukuthi zidluliselwe ku-fiber eyodwa. Ubude begagasi obujwayelekile be-multimode bungu-850nm no-1300nm ngokulandelanayo. Kukhona nezinga elisha le-multimode fibre elibizwa nge-WBMMF (Wideband Multimode Fiber), esebenzisa ubude begagasi phakathi kuka-850nm no-953nm.

Kokubili i-fiber yemodi eyodwa kanye ne-multi-mode fiber inobubanzi bokuvala obungu-125 μm.

Ifayibha yemodi eyodwa noma i-multi-mode fiber?

Ibanga lokudlulisela

Ububanzi obuncane be-fiber yemodi eyodwa benza ukukhanya kuqine, okuvumela indlela eyodwa yokukhanya ukuhamba, ukuze isignali ye-optical ihambe ibanga elide. Njengoba ukukhanya kudlula kumongo, inani lokuboniswa kokukhanya liyancipha, linciphise ukuncisha futhi libangele ukusakazeka kwesignali okwengeziwe. Ngenxa yokuthi ayinakho ukuhlakazeka kwe-inter-mode noma ukusabalalisa okuncane kwe-inter-mode, i-fiber yemodi eyodwa ingadlulisela amakhilomitha angu-40 noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuthinta isignali. Ngakho-ke, i-fiber yemodi eyodwa ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwedatha ekude futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinkampanini zokuxhumana ngezingcingo nabahlinzeki be-cable TV namanyuvesi, njll.

I-Multimode fiber inomgogodla omkhulu wobubanzi futhi ingadlulisela ukukhanya ngezindlela eziningi. Ekudluliselweni kwemodi eminingi, ngenxa yobukhulu bomgogodla omkhulu, ukuhlakazeka kwe-inter-mode kukhulu, okungukuthi, isignali ye-optical "isakazeka" ngokushesha. Ikhwalithi yesiginali izoncishiswa ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwebanga elide, ngakho-ke i-fiber enemodi eminingi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ibanga elifushane, izinhlelo zokusebenza zomsindo/ividiyo kanye namanethiwekhi wendawo (LANs), kanye ne-OM3/OM4/OM5 i-multi-mode fiber ingasekela ukuphakama. -Speed ​​data transmission.

Umkhawulokudonsa, umthamo

Umkhawulokudonsa uchazwa njengekhono lokuphatha ulwazi. Isici esiyinhloko esithinta ububanzi bebhande lokudlulisa i-fiber optical ukuhlakazeka okuhlukahlukene, okuyi-modal dispersion ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlakazwa kwefayibha yemodi eyodwa kuncane, ngakho-ke kungadlulisa ukukhanya kubhendi yefrikhwensi ebanzi ibanga elide. Njengoba i-multi-mode fiber izokhiqiza ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka nezinye izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ayilungile njenge-fiber yemodi eyodwa ku-bandwidth namandla. Isizukulwane sakamuva se-multi-mode fiber bandwidth OM5 isethelwe ku-28000MHz/km, kuyilapho umkhawulokudonsa wefayibha yemodi eyodwa mkhulu kakhulu.