Embonini yokuxhumana optical, amamojula optical yiwona adalulwe kakhulu. Zinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bomzimba, futhi inani lamashaneli namazinga okudlulisela ahluka kakhulu. Lawa mamojula akhiqizwa kanjani, yiziphi izici zawo, futhi zonke izimfihlo zisezingeni.
Amazinga amadala okupakisha afana ne-GBIC, XPAK, X2, ne-Xenpak azoshaywa indiva, futhi amandla amakhulu azogxila kumazinga anamandla kakhulu noma amasha, azohlolwa ngayinye ngayinye ngezansi.
Inhlangano ye-SFF Standardization: Inhlangano ye-SFF (i-form-factor small package) yasungulwa ngo-August 1990. Yaqala yathuthukisa amadrayivu ediski angu-2.5-intshi futhi yanwetshwa kweminye imikhakha ngoNovemba 1992. Kuze kube manje, i-SFF isibe iyona evame kakhulu futhi eyimpumelelo. indinganiso yemojula emkhakheni wokupakishwa kwemojula ye-optical. Amazinga wemojula yokubona akhiwe yi-SFF ikakhulukazi afaka i-SFP / QSFP / XFP.
Izinga le-SFP
I-SFP (i-small form-factor Pluggable), umndeni wama-transceiver amancane axhumeka kufomu-factor, ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa i-Ethernet, isiteshi se-fiber, i-Wireless CPRI, i-SONET: ichaza iphakheji ye-SFP yesiteshi esisodwa ukusuka ku-1Gb / s kuya ku-28Gb / s okufanele ihambisane ne-Standard, ukwakheka kwayo kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Okokuqala kwakukhona idokhumenti ememezelayo, efana ne-SFF-8402 ehlongozwayo ye-SFP28, i-SFF-8083 ehlongozwayo ye-SFP10 (inombolo ekugcineni imele izinga lokudlulisela, i-SFP10 ivame ukubhalwa njenge-SFP + manje), lo mbhalo wesimemezelo ushilo ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zobuchwepheshe kucashunwe Lezi zidingo zobuchwepheshe ezicashuniwe zihlangene zakha izinga elibalulekile lale mojula.
Imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe yochungechunge lwe-SFP ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa:
I-SFF-8432, ichaza usayizi wemojuli (ikakhulukazi ubukhulu bokufakwa), amandla okuxhuma, kanye nokucaciswa kwekheji yemojuli.
I-SFF-8071 ichaza isixhumi sesikhala sekhadi ebhodini lomama le-HOST kanye nokulandelana komunwe wegolide webhodi lomama lemojula.
I-SFF-8433, ichaza amakheji amamojula amaningi ahlangothi necele kanye nemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe ye-EMI shrapnel.
I-SFF-8472, ichaza inkumbulo yemojuli kanye nokucaciswa kokuphathwa kokuxilonga.
I-SFF-8431 ichaza ukunikezwa kwamandla, amasiginali kagesi anesivinini esiphansi (imigqa yokuxhumana), amasignali anesivinini esikhulu, isikhathi, kanye nokucaciswa kokufunda nokubhala kwenkumbulo.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokusekela le-SFP liya ngokuya likhuphuka, ukucaciswa kwesignali yesivinini esiphezulu ku-SFF8431 akusebenzi ku-SFP16 / 28, ngakho i-SFF-8431 kamuva yahlukaniswa yaba i-SFF-8418 kanye ne-SFF-8419. I-SFF-8418 ichaza ngokuqondile izimfuneko zokubonisa isignali kagesi ezinesivinini esikhulu esingu-10Gb / s. Ngezidingo zokusebenzelana ngokomzimba ezingaphezu kuka-10Gb / s, bheka ku-Fiber Channel. I-SFF-8419 ichaza ngokuqondile okuqukethwe ngaphandle kwamasiginali anesivinini esiphezulu ku-SFF-8431, elungele wonke amamojula ochungechunge lwe-SFP.
Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela besakhiwo semojula ye-SFP kumele bajwayele i-SFP-8431. Uma ungumuntu oklama ama-PCB, obhala isofthiwe, noma ohlola, i-SFF-8472, SFF-8418, kanye ne-SFF-8419 kumele uyazi.
Izinga le-QSFP
I-QSFP (I-Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable), i-transceiver exhunywayo eneziteshi ezine miniaturized, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ku-Infiniband, Ethernet, Fiber Channel, OTN, umndeni wephrothokholi we-SONET: I-QSFP ithuthukisa i-SFP yesiteshi esisodwa ibe yiziteshi ezine ezinomthamo we-It kuphela. iphindwe kabili. Ngosayizi ofanayoshintsha, amandla okushintsha i-QSFP aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.67 kune-SFP. Iphrothokholi ye-QSFP ekuqaleni yachazwa yi-INF-8438i, yase ithuthukiswa yaba yi-SFF-8436,
kwase kuthi i-SFF-8436 yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye eziningana ukuze kuchazwe futhi kubhekiselwe kuyo. Isakhiwo manje sesifana ne-SFP:
Imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe ye-QSFP ikakhulukazi ifaka:
I-SFF-8679, ichaza isignali enesivinini esikhulu, isignali enesivinini esiphansi, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, ukucaciswa kwesikhathi kwemojula, futhi ichaza isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo kanye nokucaciswa kombala wendandatho.
I-SFF-8636, ichaza imininingwane yenkumbulo, ukufunda nokubhala imisebenzi.
I-SFF-8661, ichaza usayizi wemojuli, usayizi womunwe wegolide kanye nokucaciswa kwamandla okufaka nokususa imojuli.
I-SFF-8662 ne-SFF-8663 ichaza ikheji nesixhumi (uhlobo A) lwemojula ye-QSFP28.
I-SFF-8672 ne-SFF-8683 ichaza amakheji nezixhumi (uhlobo B) wemojula ye-QSFP28.
I-SFF-8682 ne-SFF-8683 ichaza amakheji nezixhumi ze-QSFP14 nangaphansi kwamamojula wesilinganiso.
Olunye ulwazi olwengeziwe lwe-QSFP lungabukwa kuphrothokholi ye-Infiniband. (InfiniBand TM ArchitectureSpecification Volume)
I-XFP ejwayelekile
I-XFP (10 Gb / s Small Form Factor Pluggable module, lapho u-X emele u-10 ngezinombolo zesiRoman futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu i-SONET OC-192, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, kanye ne-fiber channel) umndeni wephrothokholi: I-XFP Kuyimojula ye-wavelength tunable, okuyinto ekuqaleni yachazwa yi-XFP MSA futhi kamuva yathunyelwa enhlanganweni ye-SFF ukuze ishicilelwe. Iphrothokholi ye-XFP ihlanganisa i-SFF-8477 ne-INF-8077.
I-protocol ye-INF8077 ichaza usayizi, isikhombimsebenzisi sikagesi, ulwazi lwenkumbulo, ukulawulwa kokuxhumana kanye nokuxilongwa kwe-module ye-XFP (i-protocol ihlanganisa zonke izici zemodyuli). I-SFF-8477 ilungiselelwe ngokuyinhloko ukulawula ukulungiswa kwe-wavelength.
I-CXP Standard
I-CXP (I-12x Small Form-factor Pluggable, iphakheji elincane le-12-channel elincane, lapho i-C imele i-100G, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa i-Infiniband, i-fiber channel, i-Ethernet) iphrothokholi ilawulwa ngokuyinhloko inhlangano ye-Infiniband.
I-Annex A6 120 Gb / s 12x I-Small Form-factor pluggable (CXP) InterfaceSpecification Yamakhebula, Amakhebula Asebenzayo & Ama-Transceivers inikeza zonke izici zokucaciswa kwe-CXP (ingalandwa mahhala ku-www.infinibandta.org). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlangano ye-SFF ilawula amakheji ezihlangu nezikhala zamakhadi kuma-CXP amabanga ahlukene esivinini.
Ikheji le-SFF-8617 Mini Multilane 12X Shielded Cage / Isixhumi esingu-12 sekheji i-CXP kanye nokucaciswa kwesikhala sebhodi lemojula.
I-SFF-8642 EIA-965 Mini Multilane 10 Gb / s 12X Shielded Cage / Isixhumi (CXP10) 12x10Gb / s CXP module cage kanye nokucaciswa kwe-module board slot.
I-SFF-8647 Mini Multilane 14 Gb / s 12X Shielded Cage / Isixhumi (CXP14) 12x14Gb / s ikheji lemojuli ye-CXP kanye nokucaciswa kwe-module board slot.
I-SFF-8648 Mini Multilane 28 Gb / s 12X Shielded Cage / Isixhumi (CXP28) 12x28Gb / s ikheji lemojuli ye-CXP kanye nokucaciswa kwesikhala sebhodi lemojuli.
I-microQSFP (i-miniaturized QSFP), iphrothokholi enezinhlangothi eziningi esungulwe ku-2015, iyiziteshi ezi-4 ezifana ne-QSFP, kodwa ubukhulu buyisayizi kuphela ye-module ye-SFP, futhi isekela i-25G kanye ne-50G (PAM4 modulation) amazinga wesiteshi. Ngokuklanywa kwamaphiko okukhipha ukushisa endlini yemojuli, inokusebenza okungcono kokushisayo. “I-Micro QUAD SMALL FORM-FACTOR PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER YE-FOUR CHANNEL PLUGGABLE, ISIXHUMANISI ESISAKATHI, NE-CAGE ASSEMBLY FORM FACTOR” ichaza imininingwane encane ye-QSFP.
Iphakheji ye-CFP
Ngaphandle kwamaphakheji e-SFP ne-QSFP, i-CFP kufanele ibe uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokupakisha kumamojula optical. I-C ku-CFP imele i-100 ewashini lenombolo yesiRoma, ngakho-ke i-CFP ihloselwe kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinesilinganiso esingu-100G (kuhlanganise no-40G) nangaphezulu.
Umndeni we-CFP ikakhulukazi uhlanganisa i-CFP / CFP2 / CFP4 / CFP8, i-CFP8 yayo isesigabeni sesiphakamiso.
Ngokungafani nezinombolo ezengeziwe ze-10 ne-28 ngemuva kwe-QSFP, ezimele ibanga lejubane, izinombolo ezingemuva kwe-CFP zimelela isizukulwane esisha, esinosayizi ohlangene (ngaphandle kwe-CFP8) kanye nokushuba okuphezulu.
Lapho iphakheji ye-CFP ihlongozwa okokuqala, kwakunzima ngokobuchwepheshe ukufeza isilinganiso esisodwa se-25Gb / s, ngakho-ke izinga lokuxhumana likagesi le-CFP ngayinye lachazwa njengezinga le-10Gb / s, futhi i-40G ne-40G yafinyelelwa nge-4x10Gb / s kanye ne-10x10Gb. / s ukusebenzelana kagesi. Isivinini semojula engu-100G. Usayizi wemojula ye-CFP mkhulu kangangokuthi ungabeka imisebenzi eminingi ebhodini lomama kumojuli ukuze iqedele [ASIC (SerDes)]. Uma ijubane lendlela ngayinye yokubona lingahambisani nesivinini sesifunda, ungaqedela ukuguqulwa kwezinga ngalawa masekhethi (Ibhokisi legiya) Isibonelo, imbobo yokubona engu-4X25Gb / s iguqulelwa kumbobo kagesi ongu-10x10Gb / s.
Ubukhulu be-CFP2 buyingxenye kuphela ye-CFP. I-interface kagesi ingasekela i-10Gb / s eyodwa, noma i-25Gb / s eyodwa noma i-50Gb / s. Ngokusebenzisa i-interface kagesi engu-10x10G, 4x25G, 8x25G, kanye ne-8x50G, amazinga wemojula we-100G / 200G / 400G angafinyelelwa.
Ubukhulu be-CFP4 buncishisiwe baba ingxenye ye-CFP2. I-interface kagesi isekela i-10Gb / s eyodwa kanye ne-25Gb / s, futhi isivinini semojula ye-40G / 100G sitholakala nge-4x10Gb / s kanye ne-4x25Gb / s. Amamojula we-CFP4 ne-QSFP afana kakhulu, kokubili anezindlela ezine, futhi kokubili asekela i-40G ne-100G; umehluko wukuthi amamojula e-CFP4 anemisebenzi yokuphatha enamandla kakhulu namasayizi amakhulu (lokhu kubi kwezokuxhumana kwedatha ephezulu), futhi angasekela imisebenzi emikhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kumamaki esivinini ngaphezu kwe-25Gb / s kanye nezimo zokudlulisa ibanga elide (kudinga ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-TEC, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu), izinzuzo zamamojula we-CFP4 ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kanye nokushisa kokushisa kungabonakala.
Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana kwedatha yebanga elifushane ngokuyisisekelo kuwumhlaba we-QSFP; kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-100G-LR4 10km, i-CFP4 ne-QSFP28 zihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo.
Izindinganiso zomndeni we-CFP ziboniswa emfanekisweni olandelayo: indinganiso ngayinye inamafayela angu-3, okuthi "I-CFPx MSA Hardware Specification Revision" iyifayela lohlelo, elichaza kafushane umqondo wemojula, ukuphathwa kwamamojula, isikhombimsebenzisi sikagesi, usayizi womshini, isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo, ukukopela Slots nokunye okucacisiwe, eminye imibhalo emibili ichaza ubukhulu bemishini enemininingwane.
I-CFP MSA futhi inokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe okubili okusesidlangalaleni, I-PIN Allocation REV.25 icacisa incazelo yephinikhodi yemojuli, futhi “I-CFP MSA Management Interface Specification” ichaza isilawuli sokuphathwa kwemojuli kanye nolwazi lwerejista ngokuningiliziwe.
I-interface kagesi enesivinini esiphezulu semojula ye-CFP incike kuhlelo lokusebenza, futhi ibhekisela ku-CAUI, XLAUI, kanye ne-CEI-28G / 56G yokucaciswa kokuxhumana kagesi ku-IEEE802.3.
I-CFP8 iyiphakheji ehlongozwa ngokukhethekile i-400G, futhi ubukhulu bayo bulingana ne-CFP2. I-interface kagesi isekela isivinini sesiteshi se-25Gb / s kanye ne-50Gb / s, futhi ifinyelela isivinini semojula ye-400G ngokusebenzisa i-interface kagesi engu-16x25G noma 8×50. I-CFP8 iyisiphakamiso kuphela, alikho izinga elisemthethweni lokulanda esidlangalaleni.
I-CDFP MSA yasungulwa ngo-2013, futhi izinga lokupakisha le-CDFP abalikhipha laliyindinganiso yokuqala yokupakisha ye-400G optical module. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinga le-interface kagesi laliyi-25Gb / s kuphela (OIF-CEI-28G-VSR), ngakho-ke i-CDFP imane yenze iziteshi eziyi-16, futhi yaqeda izinga lemojula ye-400G nge-16x25G, futhi yayihloselwe ngokukhethekile isikhathi esifushane. ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphansi kwe-2km.
Uma izimbobo zikagesi zezindlela ezingu-16 zihlelwa ngokulandelana, ivolumu izoba nkulu ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke imojuli ye-CDFP ivele yahlanganisa amabhodi amabili e-PCB futhi yasebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-MPO16 embobeni yokubona. Imojula yonke ibukeka ikhuluphele kakhulu! Ngokusho kokuhlelwa kwamachweba okubona nogesi, kukhona osayizi bamamojula abathathu sebebonke.
Izinga lakamuva le-CDFP lithi: “400 Gb / s (16 X 25 GB / s) PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Rev 3.0″ ecacisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sikagesi, isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuphatha, isixhumi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo, imojula / slot / usayizi wekheji wemojula ye-CDFP, EMI / ESD okuqukethwe okuhlobene. Namuhla, i-PAM4 ishisa kakhulu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi le phakheji ihlolwe kakhulu.
Izinga lakamuva lokupakisha elisekela i-400G kufanele libe yi-QSFP-DD. Le nhlangano yasungulwa ngoFebhruwari 2016 futhi yakhulula indinganiso yakamuva ye-“QSFP DOUBLE DENSITY 8X PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Rev 1.0″ ngoSepthemba 2016. I-QSFP-DD icishe ilingane ne-QSFP (ngenxa nje yokuthi kunomugqa owengeziwe wamasekhethi, kancane kancane eside). Ushintsho oluyinhloko luwukuba kabili isixhumi esibonakalayo sikagesi se-QSFP kusukela kwezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili futhi sisekele izinga lesiteshi esingu-50Gb / s 8X50 yi-400G). I-interface kagesi ye-QSFP-DD iyahambisana ne-QSFP, kodwa hhayi ngokuphambene.
Izingxoxo ezingenhla zonke zingamamojula we-100G kanye ne-400G optical. Ake sibheke i-CSFP engenekayo. Nakuba izinga lakamuva le-CSFP “liyizicaciso ze-SFP zomkhankaso” ezikhishwe ngo-2009, aliphelelwa yisikhathi nhlobo. Umkhankaso usho ukuthi kuminyene kakhulu kunamamojula abonakalayo e-SFP, futhi nenani lamashaneli lingalungiselelwa kalula. I-CSFP ichaza izinhlobo ezi-3: 1CH campact SFP, 2CH campact SFP option1, kanye ne-2CH campact SFP option2.
Ukupakisha ubuchwepheshe abamnyama CFP2—ACO
Okokugcina, ake sibheke ubuchwepheshe abamnyama obuthuthuke kakhulu kumazinga okupakisha wemojula yokubona: CFP2-ACO. Ichazwa kakhulu yi-OIF futhi ibhekisela kubukhulu bemishini be-CFP2. I-ACO yangemuva isho i-analog coherent optical module. Ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-laser eguqulekayo yobubanzi bomugqa omncane, imoduli, nomamukeli ohambisanayo. I-DSP (ukucubungula isignali yedijithali) ibekwe ngaphandle kwemojuli. Le mojula iyamangalisa. Ngobuchwepheshe bokumodulation be-DP-QPSK kanye ne-DP-xQAM, izinga le-wavelength elilodwa lingadlula kalula ku-100Gb/s, futhi ibanga lokudlulisela lingadlula ku-2000km.