Izinkinga nezixazululo okuhlangatshezwane nazo ekufakweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwama-transceiver optical fiber
Isinyathelo sokuqala: qala ubone ukuthi ukukhanya kwenkomba ye-optical fibre transceiver noma imojuli ye-optical kanye nesibani senkomba yembobo epheya esontekile kuvuliwe?
1. Uma inkomba yembobo yokubona (FX) ye-A transceiver ivuliwe futhi inkomba yembobo yokubona (FX) ye-transceiver engu-B ingavuliwe, iphutha lisohlangothini lwe-A transceiver: okunye okungenzeka ukuthi: I-transceiver (TX) ukudluliswa kwe-optical Imbobo yimbi ngoba imbobo yokubona (RX) ye-transceiver engu-B ayitholi isignali yokubona; okunye okungenzeka ukuthi: kunenkinga ngalesi sixhumanisi se-fiber se-optical transmit port ye-A transceiver (TX), njenge-jumper optical ephukile.
2. Uma inkomba ye-FX ye-transceiver icishiwe, sicela uqiniseke ukuthi isixhumanisi sefayibha sixhumene yini? Umkhawulo owodwa we-fiber jumper uxhunywe kwimodi ehambisanayo; omunye umkhawulo uxhumeke kumodi yesiphambano.
3. Isibonisi esisontekile (i-TP) sivaliwe, sicela uqiniseke ukuthi ukuxhumana okusontekile akulungile noma ukuxhumeka akulungile? Sicela usebenzise isihloli sokuqhubeka ukuze uthole (nokho, inkomba epheya esontekile yamanye ama-transceiver kufanele ilinde i-optical fiber chain Ikhanyisa ngemva kokuxhumeka komgwaqo).
4. Amanye ama-transceiver anezimbobo ezimbili ze-RJ45: (i-ToHUB) ikhombisa ukuthi ulayini wokuxhuma ku-shintshaumugqa oqondile; (I-ToNode) ikhombisa ukuthi umugqa wokuxhuma ku-shintshaumugqa we-crossover.
5. Amanye amajeneretha ezinwele ane-MPRshintshaohlangothini: kusho ukuthi umugqa wokuxhuma ku-shintshakuyindlela eqondile; I-DTEshintsha: umugqa wokuxhuma ku-shintshakuyindlela yokweqa.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Hlaziya futhi wahlulele ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini inkinga ngama-fiber jumpers nezintambo ze-fiber optic?
1. Ukutholwa kokucisha kokuxhumeka kwe-fiber optical: sebenzisa i-laser flashlight, ukukhanya kwelanga, njll. ukuze ukhanyise umkhawulo owodwa we-fiber jumper; ubone ukuthi kukhona ukukhanya okubonakalayo ngakolunye uhlangothi? Uma kukhona ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kubonisa ukuthi i-fiber jumper ayiphukile.
2. Ukutholwa kokuxhumeka kwentambo yokubona nokunqanyulwa: sebenzisa i-laser flashlight, ukukhanya kwelanga, umzimba okhanyayo ukuze ukhanyise umkhawulo owodwa wesixhumi sekhebula le-optical noma i-coupler; ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ukukhanya okubonakalayo ngakolunye uhlangothi? Uma kukhona ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kubonisa ukuthi ikhebula le-optical aliphukile.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ingabe indlela eyi-duplex enguhhafu/egcwele ayilungile?
Amanye ama-transceivers ane-FDXamaswishiohlangothini: i-duplex egcwele; I-HDXamaswishi: i-half duplex.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Hlola imitha yamandla okubona
Amandla akhanyayo we-fiber optical transceiver noma i-optical module ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile: i-multimode: phakathi kwe-10db-18db; imodi eyodwa 20 km: phakathi -8db–15db; imodi eyodwa 60 km: phakathi -5db–12db ; Uma amandla akhanyayo we-optical fibre transceiver ephakathi: -30db–45db, kungathathwa ngokuthi kunenkinga ngale transceiver.
Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa kwe-optical fibre transceiver
Ukuze kube lula, kungcono ukusebenzisa isitayela sombuzo nezimpendulo, esingabonakala shazi.
1. Ingabe i-optical transceiver ngokwayo isekela i-full-duplex ne-half-duplex?
Amanye ama-chips emakethe angasebenzisa kuphela indawo eyi-duplex egcwele okwamanje, futhi awakwazi ukusekela i-half-duplex. Isibonelo, uma exhunywe kwezinye izinhlobo zeamaswishi(SHINTSHA) noma amasethi ehabhu (HUB), futhi isebenzisa imodi ye-half-duplex, nakanjani izobangela ukungqubuzana okukhulu nokulahlekelwa kwephakethe.
2. Ingabe ukuhlolile ukuxhumana namanye ama-fiber transceiver?
Njengamanje, kunama-transceiver amaningi we-fiber optic emakethe. Uma ukuhambisana kwama-transceiver ezinhlobo ezahlukene kungahlolisiswa ngaphambili, kuzophinde kubangele ukulahleka kwephakethe, isikhathi eside sokudlulisa, futhi kusheshe futhi kuhambe kancane.
3. Ingabe ikhona idivayisi yokuphepha yokuvimbela ukulahleka kwephakethe?
Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa imodi yokudlulisa idatha yerejista ukunciphisa izindleko. Ububi obukhulu bale ndlela ukuthi ukudluliswa akuzinzile futhi ukulahleka kwephakethe. Okungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa idizayini yebhafa, ephephile Gwema ukulahleka kwephakethe ledatha.
4. Izimo lokushisa?
I-optical fiber transceiver ngokwayo izokhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu lapho isetshenziswa. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-50 ° C), ukuthi i-transceiver ye-fiber optical isebenza kahle yini kuyisici esifanele ukucatshangelwa kwamakhasimende!
5. Ingabe iyahlangabezana nezinga le-IEEE802.3u?
Uma i-transceiver ye-fiber optical ihambisana nezinga le-IEEE802.3, okungukuthi, isikhathi sokulibaziseka silawulwa ku-46bit, uma sidlula i-46bit, kusho ukuthi ibanga lokudlulisela le-transceiver optical fiber lizofinyezwa.
Isifinyezo kanye nezixazululo zezinkinga ezivamile zamaphutha we-fiber optic transceivers
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-fiber optic transceivers, kodwa indlela yokuxilongwa kwephutha iyafana. Kafushane, amaphutha okwenzeka kuma-fiber optic transceivers ami kanje:
1. Isibani samandla sivaliwe, ukunikezwa kwamandla kunephutha;
2. Isibani sesixhumanisi sivaliwe, futhi iphutha lingase libe kanje:
a. Hlola ukuthi umugqa we-fiber optical uphukile yini
b. Hlola ukuthi ukulahleka komugqa wefayibha kukhulu kakhulu futhi kuyaludlula yini uhla lokuthola okokusebenza
c. Hlola ukuthi i-fiber interface ixhunywe ngendlela efanele yini, i-TX yasendaweni ixhunywe kusilawuli kude se-RX, futhi i-TX ekude ixhumeke ku-RX yendawo.
d. Hlola ukuthi isixhumi se-fiber optical sifakwe yini kusixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi singaguquki, noma uhlobo lwe-jumper lufana nesixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi, noma uhlobo lwedivayisi lufana ne-optical fibre, nokuthi ubude bokudlulisa bocingo bufana nebanga.
3. Isibani se-circuit Link sivaliwe, futhi iphutha lingase libe kanje:
a. Hlola ukuthi ikhebula lenethiwekhi liphukile yini;
b. Hlola ukuthi uhlobo lokuxhuma luyahambisana yini: amakhadi enethiwekhi kanyeimizilasebenzisa izintambo zokuwela, futhiamaswishi, amahabhu nezinye izinto zisebenzisa izintambo eziqondile;
c. Hlola ukuthi izinga lokudlulisela ledivayisi liyahambisana yini;
4. Ukulahlekelwa kwephakethe lenethiwekhi kubi kakhulu, futhi ukwehluleka okungenzeka kube kanje:
a. Imbobo kagesi ye-transceiver ayifani nesixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi yenethiwekhi, noma imodi ye-duplex yesixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi kuzo zombili iziphetho.
b. Uma kunenkinga ngepheya elisontekile kanye nekhanda le-RJ-45, hlola
c. Inkinga yokuxhuma i-Optical fiber, noma ngabe i-jumper ihambisana nesixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi, nokuthi ingabe i-pigtail ifana nohlobo lwe-jumper ne-coupler.
5. Ngemuva kokuthi i-fiber transceiver ixhunyiwe, iziphetho ezimbili azikwazi ukuxhumana
a I-fiber optical iyahlehliswa, futhi imicu yokubona exhunywe ku-TX ne-RX iyashintshwa
b. I-interface ye-RJ45 ayixhumekile kahle kudivayisi yangaphandle (qaphela ukuqondisa nokuhlanganisa)
I-optical fiber interface (i-ceramic ferrule) ayifani. Leli phutha libonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ku-transceiver ye-100M enomsebenzi wokulawula okuhlangene kwezithombe zikagesi. I-photoelectric mutual control transceiver ayinawo umthelela.
6. Isenzo sokungashayi eceleni
a. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwendlela yokubona kukhulu kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, amandla okukhanya okuphela kokwamukela angalinganiswa imitha yamandla optical. Uma iseduze nebanga elitholayo lokuzwela, lingahlulelwa ngokuyisisekelo njengokuhluleka kwendlela yokubona ngaphakathi kwebanga lika-1-2dB.
b. Ishintshaexhunywe ku-transceiver ingase ibe nephutha. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-shintshaithathelwa indawo i-PC, okungukuthi, ama-transceiver amabili axhumeke ngqo ku-PC, futhi iziphetho ezimbili zibhangqwe ne-PING.
c. I-transceiver ingase ibe nephutha. Ngalesi sikhathi, xhuma iziphetho ezimbili ze-transceiver ku-PC (ungadluli ku-shintsha). Ngemuva kokuthi iziphetho ezimbili zingabi nankinga nge-PING, dlulisa ifayela elikhudlwana (100M) ukusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye umkhawulo. Qaphela Isivinini sayo, uma isivinini sihamba kancane kakhulu (ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15 yokudluliswa kwefayela ngaphansi kuka-200M), kungabhekwa njengokuhluleka kwe-transceiver.
d. Ukuxhumana kuyaphazamiseka ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, okungukuthi, ukuxhumana kuyahluleka, futhi kubuyela kokujwayelekile ngemva kokuqala kabusha.
Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibangelwa yi-shintsha. Ishintshaizokwenza ukutholwa kwephutha le-CRC kanye nokuhlola ubude kuyo yonke idatha etholiwe, futhi ihlole ukuthi iphakethe elingalungile lizolahlwa, futhi iphakethe elilungile lizodluliselwa phambili.Kodwa-ke, amanye amaphakethe anamaphutha kule nqubo awakwazi ukutholwa ekutholweni kwephutha le-CRC nobude. hlola. Amaphakethe anjalo ngeke athunyelwe noma alahlwe phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisela phambili, futhi azonqwabelana kunqolobane eguqukayo. Ku-(buffer), ayikwazi ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Uma i-buffer isigcwele, izodala iphuthashintshaukuphahlazeka. Ngoba ukuqala kabusha i-transceiver noma ukuqala kabusha i-shintshangalesi sikhathi kungabuyisela ukuxhumana kokujwayelekile, abasebenzisi bavame ukucabanga ukuthi inkinga ye-transceiver.
8. Indlela yokuhlola i-Transceiver
Uma uthola ukuthi kunenkinga ngoxhumano lwe-transceiver, sicela uhlole usebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo ukuze uthole imbangela yokwehluleka.
a. Ukuhlolwa okuseduze:
Amakhompiyutha emikhawulweni yomibili angakwazi uku-ping, uma engakwazi uku-pinged, afakazela ukuthi ayikho inkinga nge-fiber optic transceiver. Uma ukuhlolwa okuseduze kwehluleka ukuxhumana, kungabhekwa njengokuhluleka kwe-fiber transceiver.
b Ukuhlolwa okukude:
Amakhompyutha emikhawulweni yomibili abhangqwe ne-PING. Uma i-PING ingatholakali, kufanele uhlole ukuthi ukuxhuma kwendlela yokubona kujwayelekile yini nokuthi amandla okudlulisa nokwamukela e-optical fibre transceiver angaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile. Uma kungenziwa i-pinged, kufakazela ukuthi uxhumano lwe-optical luvamile. Kungahlulelwa ukuthi iphutha liku-shintsha.
c. Ukuhlolwa kwesilawuli kude ukuze kutholwe iphuzu lephutha:
Okokuqala xhuma isiphetho esisodwa ku-shintshafuthi iziphetho ezimbili ziye ku-PING. Uma lingekho iphutha, kungabhekwa njengephutha lomunyeshintsha.
Izinkinga zamaphutha ajwayelekile zihlaziywa ngezansi ngombuzo nezimpendulo
Ngokusho kwezinkinga zokunakekelwa kwansuku zonke kanye nezinkinga zabasebenzisi, ngizozifingqa ngamunye ngamunye ngendlela yombuzo nezimpendulo, ngethemba lokuletha usizo kubasebenzi bezokulungisa, ukucacisa imbangela yephutha ngokusho kwephutha, ukukhomba iphutha. iphuzu, futhi “lungisa umuthi”.
1. Q: Hlobo luni lokuxhuma olusetshenziswa lapho i-transceiver RJ45 port ixhunywe kwezinye izinto zokusebenza?
Impendulo: Imbobo ye-RJ45 ye-transceiver ixhunywe ekhadini lenethiwekhi ye-PC (imishini yedatha yedatha ye-DTE) kusetshenziswa ukupheya okusontekile, futhi ixhunywe ku-HUB nomaSHINTSHA(Imishini yokuxhumana yedatha ye-DCE) kusetshenziswa ipheya esontekile ehambisanayo.
2. Q: Yini isizathu esenza ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-TxLink kuvaliwe?
Impendulo: 1. Ipheya elisontekile elingalungile lixhunyiwe; 2. Ikhanda lekristalu elisontekile alixhumani kahle nedivayisi noma ikhwalithi yebhangqa elisontekile ngokwalo; 3. Idivayisi ayixhumekile kahle.
3. Q: Yisiphi isizathu esenza ukukhanya kwe-TxLink kungacwayizi kodwa kuhlale kuvuliwe ngemva kokuba i-fiber ixhumeke ngokujwayelekile?
Impendulo: 1. Ibanga lokudlulisela livamise ukuba lide kakhulu; 2. Ukuhambisana nekhadi lenethiwekhi (exhunywe kwi-PC).
4. Q: Yini isizathu esenza ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-FxLink kuvaliwe?
Intambo yefayibha ixhunywe ngokungalungile, indlela yokuxhumana efanele yi-TX-RX, RX-TX, noma imodi yefiber ayilungile;
Ibanga lokudlulisela lide kakhulu noma ukulahlekelwa okumaphakathi kukhulu kakhulu, kudlula ukulahlekelwa okukodwa kwalo mkhiqizo. Isixazululo siwukuba uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuphakathi noma esikhundleni sako ufake isidluliseli esikude sokudlulisa ibanga.
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-optical fibre transceiver liphezulu kakhulu.
5. Q: Yisiphi isizathu esenza ukukhanya kwe-FxLink kungacwayizi kodwa kuhlale kuvuliwe ngemva kokuba i-fiber ixhunywe ngokujwayelekile?
Impendulo: Leli phutha ngokuvamile libangelwa ibanga lokudlulisela libe lide kakhulu noma ukulahlekelwa okuphakathi kukhulu kakhulu, okudlula ukulahlekelwa okukodwa kwalo mkhiqizo. Isixazululo siwukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuphakathi noma esikhundleni saso ufake isidluliseli sebanga elide lokudlulisa.
6. Q: Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma amalambu amahlanu ekhanya wonke noma inkomba ijwayelekile kodwa ingakwazi ukudlulisa?
Impendulo: Ngokujwayelekile, ungacisha amandla bese uqala kabusha kokujwayelekile.
7. Q: Liyini izinga lokushisa le-ambient le-transceiver?
Impendulo: I-module ye-fiber optical ithinteka kakhulu izinga lokushisa elizungezile. Nakuba inomjikelezo wokuzuza othomathikhi owakhelwe ngaphakathi, ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa lidlula ububanzi obuthile, amandla optical adlulisiwe we-module optical ayathinteka futhi ancishisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela enze buthaka ikhwalithi yesignali yenethiwekhi ye-optical futhi abangele ukulahlekelwa kwephakethe Izinga liyakhuphuka, ngisho ukunqamula isixhumanisi se-optical; (ngokuvamile izinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-optical fibre module lingafinyelela ku-70 ℃). eyeqa umkhawulo ongaphezulu wobude befreyimu ye-optical transceiver futhi ilahlwe yiyo, okubonisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kwephakethe eliphezulu noma elingaphumelelanga.
Iyunithi yokudlulisela ephezulu, iphakethe le-IP elivamile elingaphezulu ngamabhayithi angu-18, kanti i-MTU ingamabhayithi angu-1500; manje abakhiqizi bemishini yokuxhumana ephezulu banezivumelwano zangaphakathi zenethiwekhi, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indlela yephakethe ehlukile, bazokwandisa iphakethe le-IP ngaphezulu, uma idatha ingamagama angu-1500 Ngemva kwephakethe le-IP, ubukhulu bephakethe le-IP buzodlula i-18 futhi ilahlwe) , ukuze usayizi wephakethe odluliselwe kulayini uhlangabezane nomkhawulo wedivayisi yenethiwekhi kubude befreyimu. 1522 byte of amaphakethe kwengezwa VLANtag.
9. Q: Ngemuva kokuthi i-chassis isisebenze isikhathi eside, kungani amanye amakhadi ehluleka ukusebenza kahle?
Impendulo: Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kusebenzisa imodi yokudlulisa. Imajini yokuphakelwa kwamandla anganele kanye nokulahleka kwentambo enkulu yizinkinga ezinkulu. Ngemuva kokuthi i-chassis isebenze isikhathi eside, amanye amakhadi awakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Uma amanye amakhadi ekhishwa, amakhadi asele asebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ngemuva kokuthi i-chassis isebenze isikhathi eside, i-oxidation yesixhumi ibangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesixhumi. Lokhu kuphakelwa kukagesi kuwela ngaphezu kwemithethonqubo. Ububanzi obudingekayo bungabangela ikhadi le-chassis ukuthi libe elingavamile. Amandla aphezulu ama-Schottky diode asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa nokuvikela amandla we-chassisshintsha, thuthukisa uhlobo lwesixhumi, futhi unciphise ukwehla kokunikezwa kwamandla okubangelwa isifunda sokulawula nesixhumi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphelelwa amandla kokunikezwa kwamandla kuyenyuka, okwenza ngempela ukunikezwa kwamandla okuyisipele kube lula futhi kuphephe, futhi kukwenze kufanelane kakhulu nezidingo zomsebenzi ongaphazamiseki wesikhathi eside.
10. Q: Imuphi umsebenzi i-alamu yesixhumanisi ehlinzekwe ku-transceiver enawo?
Impendulo: I-transceiver inomsebenzi we-alamu yesixhumanisi (linkloss). Uma i-fiber inqanyulwa, izobuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo embobeni kagesi (okungukuthi, inkomba esembobeni kagesi nayo izophuma). Uma ishintshainokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi, izoboniswa kushintshangokushesha. Isofthiwe yokuphatha inethiwekhi.