Kokubili isignali nomsindo ekuxhumaneni kungathathwa njengezinqubo ezingahleliwe ezishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Inqubo engahleliwe inezici zokuguquguquka okungahleliwe kanye nomsebenzi wesikhathi, ongachazwa ngemibono emibili ehlukene kodwa ehlobene eduze: (1) Inqubo engahleliwe isethi yemisebenzi yesampula engapheli; (2) Inqubo engahleliwe iyiqoqo lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingahleliwe.
Izici zezibalo zezinqubo ezingahleliwe zichazwa umsebenzi wazo wokusabalalisa noma umsebenzi wokuminyana okungenzeka. Uma izici zezibalo zenqubo engahleliwe zizimele endaweni yokuqala yesikhathi, kubizwa ngokuthi inqubo emile ngokuqinile.
Izici zezinombolo zingenye indlela ehlanzekile yokuchaza izinqubo ezingahleliwe. Uma incazelo yenqubo ingashintshi kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa okuzenzakalelayo R(t1,t1+τ)=R(T), inqubo kuthiwa imile.
Uma inqubo imile ngokuphelele, kufanele-ke imile, futhi okuphambene nalokho akulona iqiniso.
Inqubo iyi-ergodic uma isilinganiso sayo sesikhathi silingana nesilinganiso esihambisanayo sezibalo.
Uma inqubo i-ergodic, khona-ke futhi imile, futhi okuphambene nalokho akulona iqiniso ngempela.
Umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa okuzenzakalelayo u-R(T) wenqubo yokuma ovamile uwumsebenzi olinganayo womehluko wesikhathi u-r, futhi u-R(0) ulingana nengqikithi yamandla ayisilinganiso futhi uyinani eliphakeme elingu-R(τ). Ukuminyana kwe-spectral yamandla Pξ(f) ukuguqulwa kwe-Fourier komsebenzi wokuhlanganisa okuzenzakalelayo R(ξ) (Wiener - Sinchin theorem). Lokhu kubhanqwa kokuguqulwa kunquma ubudlelwano bokuguqulwa phakathi kwesizinda sesikhathi kanye nesizinda semvamisa. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamathuba enqubo ye-Gaussian kuthobela ukusatshalaliswa okuvamile, futhi incazelo yayo yezibalo ephelele idinga izici zayo zezinombolo kuphela. Ukusabalalisa kwamathuba ohlangothi olulodwa kuncike kuphela encazelweni nasekuhlukeni, kuyilapho ukusabalalisa kwamathuba ezinhlangothi ezimbili kuncike kakhulu emsebenzini wokuhlobanisa. Inqubo ye-Gaussian iseyinqubo ye-Gaussian ngemva kokuguqulwa komugqa. Ubudlelwano phakathi komsebenzi wokusabalalisa ojwayelekile kanye nomsebenzi we-Q(x) noma i-erf(x) wusizo kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni ukusebenza okulwa nomsindo kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana zedijithali. Ngemva kwenqubo engahleliwe enganyakazi ξi(t) idlula kusistimu yomugqa, inqubo yayo yokukhipha ξ0(t) nayo izinzile.
Izici zezibalo zenqubo engahleliwe yebhande elincane nomsindo we-sine-wave kanye nebhande elincane le-Gaussian zifaneleka kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwamashaneli e-multipath afiphalayo kusistimu yokushintshashintsha/isistimu ye-bandpass/ukuxhumana okungenantambo. Ukusatshalaliswa kweRayleigh, Ukusatshalaliswa Kwelayisi kanye nokusabalalisa okuvamile ukusatshalaliswa okuthathu okuvamile ekuxhumaneni: imvilophu yesiginali yenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-sinusoidal kanye nomsindo we-Gaussian webhande elincane ngokuvamile ukusatshalaliswa kwelayisi. Uma i-amplitude yesiginali inkulu, ijwayele ukusatshalaliswa okuvamile. Uma i-amplitude incane, cishe ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Rayleigh.
Umsindo omhlophe we-Gaussian uyimodeli ekahle yokuhlaziya umsindo ongeziwe wesiteshi, futhi umthombo oyinhloko womsindo ekuxhumaneni, umsindo oshisayo, ungowalolu hlobo lomsindo. Amanani awo nganoma iziphi izikhathi ezimbili ezahlukene awahlobene futhi azimele ngokwezibalo. Ngemuva kokuthi umsindo omhlophe udlule kusistimu ye-band-limited, umphumela uba umsindo okhawulelwe webhendi. Umsindo omhlophe we-low-pass nomsindo omhlophe we-band-pass uvamile ekuhlaziyeni kwethiyori.
Okungenhla kuyisihloko esithi "inqubo engahleliwe yohlelo lokuxhumana" olethwe kuwe ngabakwa-Shenzhen HDV Phoelectron Technology LTD., futhi i-HDV yinkampani egxile ekuxhumaneni optical njengemishini yokukhiqiza eyinhloko, ukukhiqizwa kwenkampani uqobo :Uchungechunge lwe-ONU, uchungechunge lwamamojula optical,Uchungechunge lwe-OLT, uchungechunge lwe-transceiver luwuchungechunge olushisayo lwemikhiqizo.
